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🔆 ONE LINERS – 09 SEPTEMBER 2026

📍 HISTORY, ART & CULTURE

🔆 Pallava-Era Lingam & Pandya Coin
🟢 A 13th-century Pandya copper coin and an ancient Sivalingam were discovered near Budalur, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
🟢 Coin belongs to Jatavarman Sundara Pandiyan I (AD 1250–1284); issued in his 1st regnal year (AD 1251).
🟢 Weight: 3.30 g; Tamil legend “Ellanthalaiyanan” with numeral 1 on the rim.
🟢 Obverse: Human figure; Reverse: Fish between two lamps.
🟢 Nearby 3-ft Sivalingam is dated to the Pallava period.
🟢 Region was historically ruled by Cholas, Pallavas, Mutharaiyars, Pandyas, Nayaks and Marathas.

📍 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS & ISSUES

🔆 79th WHO Regional Committee for South-East Asia
🟢 Held in Dili, Timor-Leste, with health ministers and senior officials from WHO-SEARO member states.
🟢 10 SEARO members: Bangladesh, Bhutan, DPR Korea, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Timor-Leste.
🟢 Theme: Human Resources for Health – Equity in Specialized Care.
🟢 Adopted the Dili Declaration on Human Resources for Health – Equity in Specialised Care.
🟢 Focus: Better access to specialised care, digital health and teleconsultations.
🟢 India received two WHO awards for eliminating maternal/neonatal tetanus and managing diabetes and hypertension.

📍 ENVIRONMENT

🔆 JSJB 3.0 – Catch the Rain Campaign 2026
🟢 Chhattisgarh leads the country with 77,719 water conservation structures completed under Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari (JSJB) 3.0.
🟢 JSJB promotes community-led water conservation and groundwater recharge through low-cost structures.
🟢 Four measures: State-specific Catch the Rain plans, State Water Awards, BISAG-N mapping and quarterly reviews by Chief Secretaries.
🟢 5% Model – Koriya: Farmers dedicate land for groundwater recharge.
🟢 5 districts — Surajpur, Mahasamund, Balod, Baloda Bazar-Bhatapara and Kabirdha — feature among India’s top 10 districts in water conservation.
🟢 Groundwater-stressed blocks classified as critical/semi-critical declined from 26 to 19.

🔆 Wildfire Crisis in Kalimantan
🟢 Wildfires affected 60% (25.8 million hectares) of Bornean orangutan habitat in 2026.
🟢 17,865 hotspots — 78.5% of the region’s total — were detected within orangutan territories.
🟢 Orangutan population has declined by 80% in less than 50 years to around 57,350.
🟢 Fires threaten forest canopy, food sources, nesting trees and habitat connectivity.
🟢 Proposed response: Post-fire surveys, emergency action plans, habitat corridors, fire prevention, law enforcement and ecosystem restoration.

📍 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

🔆 Coffee Husk “Leather”
🟢 CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai developed a leather-like material from coffee husk.
🟢 Multi-stage process converts husk into a matrix using plant-derived materials, followed by colouring, coating and embossing.
🟢 Designed as an alternative to PU and PVC synthetics; it is not real leather.
🟢 Uses a zero-liquid and zero-solid waste discharge approach.
🟢 Applications: Bags, wallets, footwear and notebook covers; patent transferred to a Bengaluru-based company.
🟢 India produces around 3.5 lakh tonnes of coffee annually, generating about 1 lakh tonnes of husk waste.
🟢 CLRI has previously developed leather-like materials from mango pulp and around 24 varieties of waste materials.

🔆 Australia–India Space Industry Partnerships
🟢 Australia and India expanded space cooperation through five industry partnerships at the 9th Bengaluru Space Expo.
🟢 LatConnect 60 + NSIL: Partnership for the SWIRSAT mission using Indian ground stations.
🟢 Space Angel Group: MoUs with Andura Expeditions, Inbound Aerospace and Red Balloon Aerospace covering spaceports, capsule recovery and asteroid-resource return.
🟢 University of Western Australia + Space Industry Association of India: Collaboration through the Global Engagement Alliance.

📍 MISCELLANEOUS

🔆 First Global Road Surface Dataset
🟢 Heidelberg University and HeiGIT released the first global multi-temporal road surface dataset.
🟢 Tracks road material, width and passability over time.
🟢 Mapped 9.2 million km of arterial roads for 2020 and 2024, with 89.2% accuracy using GeoAI and PlanetScope imagery.
🟢 Paved roads: Europe/North America – 97%; Sub-Saharan Africa – 63%.
🟢 Urban networks: 93% paved, while rural areas lag significantly, especially in Central Africa and South America.
🟢 Applications: Infrastructure planning, logistics, climate resilience and humanitarian operations.

🔆 27th World Knowledge Forum
🟢 Held 8–10 September 2026 at Jangchung Arena and The Shilla Seoul.
🟢 Asia’s major business and knowledge-sharing forum, promoting global growth through exchange of ideas.
🟢 Theme:“The Promethean Moment: Architecting the Co-Intelligence Order”.
🟢 Focus areas: AI, Co-Intelligence and global economic change.
🟢 Sessions include Personal AI, Quantum Computing and Cybersecurity.
🟢 ASEAN Entrepreneurs Award: Jose Ma. Concepcion III and Don Lam.

🔆 5th Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan Awards
🟢 MoEFCC organised Swachh Vayu Diwas 2026 on the International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies.
🟢 Lucknow ranked 1st among million-plus cities for proactive air-pollution control.
🟢 Key measures include EV waste fleets, mechanised sweeping and legacy-waste remediation.
🟢 Indore – 2nd; Jabalpur – 3rd.
🟢 Delhi – 30th; Mumbai – 37th.
🟢 130 cities assessed under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) through self-evaluation, CPCB review and field verification.
🟢 Chennai, Jamshedpur, Kota, Kolkata and Madurai were among the bottom five.

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