CSE EXAM upsc prelims mains CAPF CDS NDA
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The toughest exam of the Nation & Dreams of many UPSC CSE.
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πŸ”† ONE-LINERS | 01 OCTOBER 2026
πŸ“š UPSC Current Affairs | AnmolVachan1

πŸ”† POLITY & GOVERNANCE
πŸ“ Five Digital Identity Initiatives – UIDAI
🟒 Face Authentication for ePDS – Consent-based, contactless face authentication; developed by UIDAI + DFPD + NIC.
🟒 SWIK Portal 2.0 – Simplifies Aadhaar authentication approvals and enables eligible non-government entities to submit proposals online.
🟒 Sub-AUA/Sub-KUA (LITE) – Simplified onboarding for low-volume Aadhaar authentication users through existing AUA/KUA infrastructure.
🟒 New Token Management System – Digital queue and appointment system for UIDAI offices to reduce waiting time and improve grievance handling.
🟒 Revamped UIDAI Website & Career Portal – Improved interface, accessibility, screen-reader support and keyboard navigation.

πŸ”† INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS & ISSUES
πŸ“ 15th UN Congress on Crime Prevention & Criminal Justice
🟒 Held in Abu Dhabi, UAE; organised by UNODC and known as the UN Crime Congress.
🟒 Theme: β€œAccelerating crime prevention, criminal justice and the rule of law: protecting people and planet and achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in the digital age.”
🟒 Abu Dhabi Declaration – Five-year roadmap for modernising justice systems and strengthening global legal cooperation.
🟒 Four pillars: Prevention & Resilience | Justice & Rule of Law | Evolving & Converging Criminal Threats | Innovation & Cooperation.

πŸ“ India’s Justice-Sector Reforms
🟒 New criminal laws: BNS, BNSS and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA).
🟒 Digital crime-fighting: I4C and National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal.
🟒 India reiterated zero tolerance towards terrorism and stressed international cooperation against organised and environmental crimes.
🟒 India–UAE legal cooperation includes IIAC–DIAC collaboration on arbitration, training, research and digital dispute resolution.

πŸ”† ECONOMY
πŸ“ India’s First Blue Bond
🟒 SEBI recognises blue bonds as sustainable finance instruments.
🟒 Blue Bond – Bond whose proceeds are earmarked for identified water- and ocean-related projects.
🟒 Issuers need frameworks for fund utilisation, impact measurement and periodic reporting to prevent bluewashing.
🟒 India’s maiden blue bond is planned under Sagarmala to raise β‚Ή1,000 crore for maritime-sector projects.
🟒 Issuance planned through Sagarmala Finance Corporation Ltd. (SMFCL).
🟒 Sagarmala Programme – Launched in 2015 for port-led development and reduction of logistics costs.

πŸ”† INFRASTRUCTURE
πŸ“ 1st Steel Bridge for Bullet Train
🟒 Maharashtra launched a 100-metre steel bridge over NH-3 for the Mumbai–Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail project.
🟒 Location: Dive-Anjur, Bhiwandi, Thane.
🟒 Specifications: 1,405 metric tonnes and 14 metres high.
🟒 Fabricated in Trichy, transported around 1,300 km and assembled on site.
🟒 16 of 28 planned steel bridges along the corridor have been completed.

πŸ”† SECURITY
πŸ“ India’s Kaveri Engine
🟒 Kaveri Derivative Engine (KDE) – Dry turbofan developed by DRDO’s GTRE, Bengaluru.
🟒 Project began in the late 1980s to power LCA Tejas.
🟒 Tested at CIAM and Gromov Flight Research Institute, Russia.
🟒 Peak dry thrust: 48.5 kN, exceeding the 46 kN benchmark.

πŸ“ Ghatak UCAV
🟒 Stealth tailless flying-wing UCAV with curved air intakes and shaped exhausts.
🟒 Uses 80–90% carbon-fibre prepreg composites.
🟒 Designed for internal carriage of missiles, bombs and precision-guided munitions.

πŸ“ ASEAN–India Maritime Exercise (AIME-2026)
🟒 Began at Subic Bay, Philippines, co-hosted by the Indian Navy and Philippine Navy.
🟒 Theme: β€œAnchored in Trust, United at Sea.”
🟒 Indian participants: INS Sahyadri and INS Kulish.
🟒 Phases: Harbour Phase + Sea Phase.
🟒 Drills: boarding operations, medical evacuation and helicopter cross-deck landings.
🟒 Supports India’s MAHASAGAR vision and Act East Policy.

πŸ”† AWARDS
πŸ“ Skytrax World Airline Awards 2026
🟒 Based on the world’s largest annual airline passenger satisfaction survey.
🟒 2026 survey: 24.8 million eligible responses, covering 300+ airlines and 100+ nationalities.
🟒 Categories: Cabin service | Ground & airport experience | Onboard product.
🟒 Singapore Airlines – World’s Best Airline; sixth overall win.
🟒 Qatar Airways – 2nd; Cathay Pacific Airways – 3rd globally.
🟒 Air India – Best Airline in India; 57th globally, up from 82nd.
🟒 Air India – 2nd Most Improved Airline globally.
🟒 IndiGo – 61st overall and received regional awards in low-cost service, staff and cleanliness.

πŸ”† SPORTS
πŸ“ Neeru Dhanda – Asian Games 2026
🟒 Won India’s first individual women’s gold in an Asian Games shotgun event in women’s trap.
🟒 Scored 28/30, setting a new Asian record.
🟒 Also won silver in women’s trap team and gold in trap mixed team with Kynan Chenai.
🟒 20th Asian Games – Aichi-Nagoya, Japan; 19 September–4 October 2026.
🟒 Over 10,000 athletes from 46 nations competing across 43 sports and 469 medal events.

πŸ”† MISCELLANEOUS
πŸ“ WorldSkills Shanghai 2026
🟒 Six-day competition with 1,400+ competitors from around 70 countries/regions.
🟒 India’s largest-ever contingent: 70 competitors across 63 skills.
🟒 Debuted in 11 new/emerging skill categories, including dental prosthetics, digital interactive media design, intelligent security technology and unmanned aerial systems.
🟒 Participation coordinated by NSDC under MSDE.
🟒 Team India won 6 silver medals and 20 Medals for Excellence.
🟒 WorldSkills – Global vocational and technical skills competition held every two years.

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πŸ”† Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)

Subject: Geography (GS-I)

πŸ“ Why in Focus?
βœ… With forecasts of a Super El NiΓ±o, meteorologists are assessing whether a 1997-like positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) could again offset its adverse impact on the Indian monsoon.

πŸ“ What is the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)?
βœ… An ocean-atmosphere phenomenon characterized by the difference in Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) between the western and eastern tropical Indian Ocean.
βœ… Also known as the β€œIndian NiΓ±o”.
βœ… Plays a crucial role in influencing the Southwest Monsoon.

πŸ“ 1997 Example
βœ… Despite one of the strongest El NiΓ±o events on record, India received 2% above-normal monsoon rainfall.
βœ… The surplus rainfall was largely attributed to a strong Positive IOD, which offset El NiΓ±o’s drying effect.

πŸ“ Phases of IOD
βœ… Positive IOD: Western Indian Ocean warmer; eastern Indian Ocean cooler β†’ Generally strengthens the Indian monsoon.
βœ… Negative IOD: Eastern Indian Ocean warmer; western cooler β†’ Weakens the monsoon and increases dry spells.
βœ… Neutral IOD: Minimal SST difference between east and west; limited influence on monsoon.

πŸ“ How is IOD Measured?
βœ… Measured using the Dipole Mode Index (DMI).
βœ… Positive DMI: Western Indian Ocean warmer than eastern.
βœ… Negative DMI: Eastern Indian Ocean warmer than western.
βœ… Current Status: Neutral IOD.

πŸ“ Impact of IOD

βœ… Positive IOD
βœ… Enhances Southwest Monsoon over India.
βœ… Above-normal rainfall in East Africa.
βœ… Drought and bushfires in Indonesia and Australia.
βœ… Can partially offset El NiΓ±o-induced monsoon deficiency.

βœ… Negative IOD
βœ… Suppresses monsoon rainfall over India.
βœ… Heavy rainfall in Indonesia and Australia.
βœ… Drier conditions over East Africa.

βœ… Neutral IOD
βœ… Near-normal ocean and atmospheric conditions with limited impact on seasonal rainfall.

πŸ“ Current Outlook
βœ… IMD forecasts a Neutral IOD during the 2026 monsoon season.
βœ… Australian Bureau of Meteorology indicates only a small possibility of a weak Positive IOD during August–September.
βœ… If a Positive IOD develops late, it is unlikely to significantly counter a strong El NiΓ±o.

πŸ“ UPSC Value Addition
βœ… IOD vs El NiΓ±o
βœ… IOD originates in the Indian Ocean; El NiΓ±o originates in the Pacific Ocean.
βœ… A Positive IOD can weaken the adverse impact of El NiΓ±o on the Indian monsoon, whereas a Negative IOD can amplify drought conditions.

#mains #geography
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