Article 39

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🔆 ONE-LINERS | 24 OCTOBER 2026

🔆 GEOGRAPHY

📍 Earthquake in China
🟢 A magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Baqên County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, on 22 October 2026.
🟢 Epicentre: Baqên County, Nagqu City, at an altitude of approximately 4,864 metres.
🟢 The shallow earthquake occurred at a depth of less than 10 km.
🟢 At least 16 people were reported dead, with dozens injured and over 12,000 residents evacuated.
🟢 Authorities activated a Level-II earthquake emergency response to conduct rescue and relief operations.

🔆 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS & ISSUES

📍 United Nations Day 2026
🟢 Observed on 24 October, marking the 81st anniversary of the UN Charter’s entry into force in 1945.
🟢 UN Secretary-General António Guterres called for dialogue, cooperation and solidarity to address global challenges.
🟢 In India, the UN hosted a special reception in New Delhi attended by Kirti Vardhan Singh, Minister of State for External Affairs and Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
🟢 External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar reaffirmed India’s commitment to the UN Charter.

📍 Social Media Ban in Greece
🟢 Greece approved legislation on 23 October 2026 restricting social media access for children under 15 years.
🟢 The ban is scheduled to take effect on 1 January 2027.
🟢 Platforms mentioned include Instagram, Facebook, TikTok and LinkedIn.
🟢 Digital age-verification mechanisms will be used to confirm eligibility while protecting users’ identities.
🟢 The legislation restricts social media access, not general internet use or educational digital services.

📍 Alberta’s Referendum, Canada
🟢 A non-binding referendum examined support for remaining in Canada versus initiating a legal process towards an independence referendum.
🟢 Nearly 75% of counted votes favoured remaining within Canada.
🟢 Approximately 1.54 million of 2.06 million counted votes supported Canadian unity.
🟢 Separatist sentiment is linked to Alberta’s oil wealth, federal environmental regulations and perceived fiscal imbalance.
🟢 Alberta produces over 80% of Canada’s crude oil, making it strategically important to national energy security.

🔆 ECONOMY & BLUE ECONOMY

📍 India’s First Full-Fledged Open-Sea Mussel Longline Farm
🟢 Launched on 21 October 2026 by the ICAR–Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) at Vizhinjam, Kerala.
🟢 Part of the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)-funded Blue Growth Project.
🟢 Sanctioned funding: ₹152 lakh.
🟢 The unit uses specially designed HDPE floats, parallel mainlines, suspended mussel-culture ropes and an anchoring system.
🟢 A multi-species shellfish hatchery supplies seeds of green mussel (Perna viridis) and brown mussel (Perna indica).
🟢 Aims to promote sustainable aquaculture and reduce dependence on seasonal wild seed collection.

🔆 ENVIRONMENT & CLIMATE CHANGE

📍 International Day of the Snow Leopard 2026
🟢 Observed annually on 23 October to promote conservation of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia).
🟢 The date is associated with the 2013 Bishkek Declaration; the UN General Assembly proclaimed the observance.
🟢 Known as the “Ghost of the Mountains”, the species inhabits high-altitude mountain ecosystems across Central and South Asia.
🟢 India’s estimated population: 718 snow leopards.
🟢 Indian habitats include Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.
🟢 Major threats include habitat loss, climate change, prey depletion, poaching, illegal trafficking and retaliatory killings.
🟢 Conservation efforts emphasise community participation, livestock protection and coexistence with local herders.

📍 UN Loss and Damage Fund: Assistance for Nepal
🟢 On 22 October 2026, the Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage provisionally earmarked approximately US$20 million for Nepal’s recovery from the August 2026 disasters.
🟢 The fund was established following COP27 in 2022.
🟢 The August disaster involved flash floods, mudslides and ice-rock avalanches associated with glacier-related hazards.
🟢 Nepal estimated total economic and reconstruction losses at approximately US$4.7–5 billion.
🟢 The allocation is provisional; Nepal must submit a detailed project proposal before disbursement.
🟢 The fund had received approximately US$820 million in pledges, while developing countries’ requests for support exceeded US$2.8 billion.

🔆 SECURITY & MARITIME

📍 Indian Coast Guard’s Maiden Yacht Sailing Expedition
🟢 The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) launched its maiden yacht sailing expedition aboard Antara from Chennai.
🟢 Flagged off by Inspector General Yoginder Dhaka, Commander, Coast Guard Region East.
🟢 Organised as part of the ICG’s 50th-anniversary (Golden Jubilee) celebrations.
🟢 Planned route: Chennai to Kochi, followed by international passages to Sri Lanka and the Maldives.
🟢 Promotes seamanship, navigation, endurance, teamwork and maritime careers among young people.

🔆 SCIENCE & HEALTH

📍 Ebola Bundibugyo Strain Confirmed in Nigeria
🟢 Nigeria confirmed an imported case of Bundibugyo virus disease in Abuja on 20 October 2026.
🟢 The patient arrived from Uganda on 3 October and developed symptoms on 7 October.
🟢 Initial medical treatment was sought on 11 October; laboratory testing subsequently confirmed the virus.
🟢 The case is linked to the wider outbreak originating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
🟢 The patient was placed in isolation and received medical care; authorities initiated contact tracing.

🔆 SPORTS

📍 Commonwealth Kabaddi Championship 2026
🟢 The inaugural championship is being held from 23–31 October 2026 at the Veer Savarkar Sports Complex, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
🟢 Men’s competition: 13 teams divided into two groups.
🟢 Group A: India, Nigeria, Malaysia, Uganda, England, Tanzania and Sri Lanka.
🟢 Group B: Bangladesh, Kenya, Canada, Australia, Scotland and Singapore.
🟢 India’s men’s team captain: Surjeet Singh; vice-captain: Naveen Kumar.
🟢 The inaugural women’s competition features 10 teams.
🟢 Semi-finals: 30 October; finals: 31 October 2026.

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24 october UPSC current affairs

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Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) clears capital acquisition proposals worth Rs 2.12 lakh crore for defence forces

World Day for Audiovisual Heritage is observed every year on 27 October to raise awareness about the importance of preserving audiovisual materials, including films, radio and television recordings, for future generations.

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21st October pib summary
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🔆 SIMBEX-2026: INDIA–SINGAPORE MARITIME EXERCISE

📍 Key Highlights
🟢 The 33rd edition of SIMBEX commenced on 21 October 2026 at Visakhapatnam.
🟢 Participants: Indian Navy and Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN).
🟢 Duration: 21–26 October 2026.
🟢 Indian ships: INS Nilgiri and INS Kamorta.
🟢 Singaporean ship: RSS Supreme, a Formidable-class frigate.
🟢 The exercise began in 1994 as Exercise Lion King, initially focusing on anti-submarine warfare.

📍 Phases of the Exercise
🟢 Harbour phase (21–23 October): Professional interactions, expert exchanges, cross-deck visits and planning conferences.
🟢 Sea phase (24–26 October): Anti-submarine, anti-surface and anti-air warfare drills, seamanship and tactical manoeuvres.

🔆 INDIA–SINGAPORE RELATIONS
🟢 1965: Singapore became independent; India was among the first countries to recognise it.
🟢 1992: India launched the Look East Policy, upgraded to the Act East Policy in 2014.
🟢 2005: India–Singapore Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA).
🟢 2015: Strategic Partnership.
🟢 2024: Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

📍 Strategic Significance
🟢 Strengthens maritime security around the Strait of Malacca and Singapore, vital international shipping routes.
🟢 Enhances interoperability and cooperation in the Bay of Bengal and wider Indo-Pacific.
🟢 Supports freedom of navigation and a rules-based maritime order under UNCLOS, 1982.
🟢 Complements SITMEX, the trilateral maritime exercise involving India, Singapore and Thailand.

📍 Key Challenges
🟢 SIMBEX represents a partnership, not a formal military alliance.
🟢 Maritime security also requires stronger fleet capacity, timely shipbuilding and effective maintenance.
🟢 Growing activity by extra-regional vessels increases the importance of anti-submarine warfare and maritime information-sharing.

🔆 MAINS QUESTION (10 MARKS | 150 WORDS)

Singapore has long been central to India’s eastward engagement. Discuss how defence and maritime cooperation with Singapore advances the objectives of India’s Act East Policy and its role in the Indo-Pacific.

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🔆 ONE-LINERS | 26 OCTOBER 2026

🔆 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS & ISSUES

📍 India: 3rd Largest Exporter of Defence Goods to Europe
🟢 India emerged as the 3rd-largest exporter of arms and defence goods to Europe, amid rising demand under the EU’s ReArm Europe initiative.
🟢 Defence exports reached a record ₹38,424 crore (approximately €3.6 billion) in FY 2025–26, registering 62.66% growth over the previous year.
🟢 Major exports include standard ammunition, artillery shells and large- and small-calibre ammunition.
🟢 India’s defence manufacturing ecosystem includes 16 major public-sector firms, around 840 large and medium private companies, and nearly 17,000 small businesses and startups.
🟢 Indian military hardware is exported to 80+ countries.

📍 France–UK: First Joint Nuclear Air-Strike Simulation
🟢 France and the United Kingdom conducted their first-ever joint nuclear air-strike simulation, codenamed Exercise Rummy, on 20 October 2026.
🟢 French Rafale fighter jets operating from Saint-Dizier were escorted by British Eurofighter Typhoon jets.
🟢 The simulated long-range strike took place over the Mediterranean Sea; no actual nuclear weapons were used.
🟢 Both countries retain independent control over their nuclear arsenals.
🟢 The exercise reflects deeper bilateral nuclear cooperation and the concept of forward deterrence amid tensions with Russia.

📍 12th BRICS Parliamentary Forum
🟢 Held in New Delhi on 26–27 October 2026, at the Central Hall of Samvidhan Sadan, under India’s 2026 BRICS Chairship.
🟢 Theme: “Fostering Parliaments for People-Centric Development”.
🟢 Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla leads the proceedings; Prime Minister Narendra Modi attends the inaugural programme.
🟢 Participants include parliamentary delegations from 11 member nations and 10 partner/invitee countries.
🟢 Key focus areas: legislative cooperation, Global South representation, ethical AI, digital transformation, sustainable development and global security.

📍 Ukraine Joins NATO Procurement Partnership
🟢 Ukraine joined NATO Support and Procurement Agency’s (NSPA) Security Cooperation Support Partnership (SCSP) on 22 October 2026.
🟢 It became the first and only non-NATO country to receive a dedicated, single-entry-point partnership within the SCSP.
🟢 Ukrainian defence manufacturers can register as suppliers, bid for tenders and sign contracts for four and a half years.
🟢 The partnership aims to improve Ukraine’s access to weapons and equipment while enabling NATO allies to benefit from its battlefield-tested technologies.

🔆 ECONOMY

📍 30th Meeting of the Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC)
🟢 Chaired by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in New Delhi on 23 October 2026.
🟢 Discussions covered domestic and global economic conditions, geopolitical uncertainties and cybersecurity strategies, including the FSCSS.
🟢 Other priorities included domestic capital flows, fintech innovation, asset tokenisation and faster recovery of unclaimed financial assets.
🟢 The Council recommended holding meetings more frequently to address evolving global challenges.

🔆 AGRICULTURE

📍 India at World Food Prize Foundation Symposium 2026
🟢 The National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) showcased India’s agricultural research at the 2026 Norman E. Borlaug International Dialogue, held in Des Moines, Iowa, USA, on 20–22 October.
🟢 Theme: “Before Hunger Wins”.
🟢 NAAS and ICAR research publications were displayed; an Indian student received a Global Youth Institute Award.
🟢 A roundtable on agricultural higher education was led by Dr. M. L. Jat, focusing on global partnerships and support for the Global South.
🟢 NAAS signed an MoU with the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST), USA, to promote joint research, knowledge exchange and capacity building.

🔆 HEALTH

📍 World Polio Day 2026
🟢 Observed on 24 October 2026.
🟢 Theme: “Together, We End Polio”.
🟢 The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) marked 35 years since the last reported wild poliovirus case in the Americas in 1991; the region was certified polio-free in 1994.
🟢 Vaccination coverage remains below the recommended 95% threshold.
🟢 The WHO, UNICEF, Rotary International and Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) continue efforts to eradicate wild polio in the remaining endemic countries, including Pakistan and Afghanistan.
🟢 Key priorities include routine immunisation, closing post-pandemic vaccination gaps and supporting frontline health workers.

🔆 SECURITY

📍 Nagastra-2 Anti-Tank Loitering Munition System
🟢 Solar Defence and Aerospace Limited (SDAL), Nagpur, delivered the first batch of the indigenous Nagastra-2 to the Indian Army in October 2026 after successful technical trials.
🟢 Warhead: 4 kg tandem shaped-charge anti-tank warhead designed to defeat Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA).
🟢 Penetration: Up to 650 mm of Rolled Homogeneous Armour (RHA).
🟢 Range: Up to 25 km in recover-and-reuse mode and 50 km in fire-and-forget mode.
🟢 Endurance: Up to 60 minutes of flight time.
🟢 Equipped with day-and-night EO/IR surveillance cameras and electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) against GPS jamming, spoofing and communication interference.
🟢 Indigenous content: Over 80%.

🔆 MISCELLANEOUS

📍 Ashoke Sen Wins 2026 Oskar Klein Medal
🟢 Indian theoretical physicist Ashoke Sen received the 2026 Oskar Klein Medal, becoming the first Indian physicist to receive the honour.
🟢 Awarded annually by Stockholm University and the Nobel Committee for Physics of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
🟢 Established in 1988 in honour of Swedish theoretical physicist Oskar Klein.
🟢 Recognised for foundational contributions to string theory, S-duality, string field theory and black hole entropy.
🟢 Delivered the Oskar Klein Memorial Lecture, “Gravity from Strings and Strings from Gravity,” on 22 October 2026.
🟢 He serves as Infosys-Madhava Chair Professor at the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences (ICTS), Bengaluru.
🟢 Major honours include the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics (2012), Dirac Medal (2014), Padma Shri (2001) and Padma Bhushan (2013).

📍 National Urban Conclave 2026
🟢 Concluded on 25 October 2026 in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, after being held on 24–25 October.
🟢 Theme: “Urban Rising – Rethinking Urban Systems, Solutions and Delivery”.
🟢 Organised by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) with the Government of Odisha, HUDCO, NBCC and NIUA as knowledge partner.
🟢 Over 1,200 delegates participated, including officials, urban local body representatives, industry experts and academics.
🟢 Key recommendations included strengthening municipal finance, empowering urban local bodies and improving ease of living beyond infrastructure creation.
🟢 Digital platforms launched/unveiled: CPWD Nirman and CPWDway for project monitoring.
🟢 Other launches included the Used Water Marketplace under AMRUT 2.0, the UCF Portal, and Swachhata Ke Superheroes, a children’s book.
🟢 New street food hubs were announced under PM SVANidhi.
🟢 JICA and CPHEEO signed an MoU on circular water treatment cooperation.
🟢 25 electric buses were flagged off in Odisha under PM e-Bus Sewa by Chief Minister Mohan Charan.

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