🔆 Arboviral Diseases

📍 About
✅ Arboviruses = arthropod-borne viruses, spread by mosquitoes & ticks.
✅ Common vector: Aedes aegypti, capable of transmitting multiple viruses simultaneously.
✅ Examples: Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, West Nile, Yellow Fever, Eastern Equine Encephalitis.

📍 Transmission
✅ Mostly through mosquito/tick bites.
✅ Also via blood transfusion, organ transplant, sexual contact, mother-to-child transmission.

📍 Symptoms
✅ Range from mild flu-like illness to severe:
• Fever, diarrhoea, rash, vomiting, body ache.
• Severe: bleeding (dengue, yellow fever), seizures, unconsciousness.
✅ Onset: within few days to 2 weeks of bite.

📍 Global Risk & Impact
✅ 5.6 billion people at risk globally.
✅ Endemic to tropical & subtropical regions, but expanding rapidly due to climate change & global travel.
✅ Co-circulation of multiple arboviruses common → diagnostic challenges.

📍 Prevention
✅ Vector control – remove standing water, use repellents, wear protective clothing.
✅ Structural barriers – intact door/window screens.
✅ Public health – early surveillance, rapid diagnosis, vaccination (where available, e.g., yellow fever, dengue in some regions).

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