🔆 India & FATF: Securing Finances, Combating Terror Networks

📍 India’s evolving role in the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) highlights its commitment to combating money laundering, terror financing & proliferation risks.

✅ FATF Membership: India became a full FATF member in 2010, enhancing its global credibility in financial security and anti-terror frameworks.
✅ 2024 Mutual Evaluation Report: Recognizes India’s robust framework for investigating terror finance, but flags challenges in proliferation financing (PF) & sanction evasion.
✅ National Risk Assessment (NRA): Periodic NRA exercises help assess ML/TF vulnerabilities and guide reforms in financial & enforcement sectors.
✅ Focus Areas:
• Better detection of PF-related sanction evasion schemes
• Strengthening of FIU-India, regulatory bodies, and cross-border intelligence sharing
✅ Good Practices:
• Use of AI-driven suspicious transaction reporting
• Tighter Know Your Customer (KYC) norms and cross-institution collaboration
✅ International Coordination: India contributes to FATF typology reports and pushes for blacklisting non-compliant jurisdictions.
✅ Strategic Goals: Financial integrity, economic stability, and geopolitical security.

📘 Source: FATF MER 2024, PIB

📝 Prelims MCQ:
With reference to the FATF, consider the following statements:
1. It is a legally binding UN body that enforces financial sanctions globally.
2. India is a full member of FATF and participates in Mutual Evaluations.
3. FATF also tracks financing of weapons proliferation.

Which of the above are correct?
A) 2 and 3 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) All of the above
Answer: A

📝 Mains GS3 Question:
FATF has emerged as a key global watchdog on illicit finance. Evaluate India’s performance in implementing FATF recommendations and its challenges in curbing proliferation financing.

#GS3 #FATF #MoneyLaundering #TerrorFunding #FinancialSecurity
#defence #internal_security #security

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🔆 Non-State Actors & Internal Security in India

📍 Factors Enabling Rise of Non-State Actors
✅ Asymmetrical Warfare – unconventional tactics challenging security.
✅ Cross-Border Support – e.g., Pakistan’s ISI aiding groups like LeT.
✅ Weak Governance – exploiting grievances in conflict zones.
✅ Technology Use – encrypted comms, drones, cryptocurrencies.
✅ Social Polarisation – manipulating caste/religion/ethnic divisions.

📍 Challenges to Internal Security
✅ Terrorism – suicide bombings, IEDs (e.g., Rajouri attack 2023).
✅ Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) – Maoist insurgency.
✅ Cyber Threats – targeting digital infra (APT41 case).
✅ Organised Crime – drug/human trafficking, arms smuggling.
✅ Communal Extremism – inciting hatred & violence.
✅ Insurgency Movements – e.g., Meitei-Kuki conflict, Manipur.
✅ Foreign-Funded NGOs (alleged misuse) – fueling dissent.
✅ Fake News & Info Warfare – Manipur 2023 misinformation.
✅ Urban Naxalism – ideological support via academia/NGOs.
✅ Youth Radicalisation – online indoctrination (ISIS module case).

📍 Committee Recommendations (Hooda 2019)
✅ Strengthen neighbourhood ties & trade.
✅ Resolve internal conflicts via development.
✅ Protect citizens from cyber/terror threats.
✅ Enhance land & maritime border security.

📍 Budget 2025–26 Provisions
✅ Eradicate LWE through focused measures.
✅ Modernise Justice System – digital integration.
✅ Cybercrime Infra – I4C, fraud centres, threat intel.
✅ Border & Coastal Security – drones, fencing, mapping.
✅ Immigration System – e-visas, fast-track clearance.

📍 Way Forward
✅ Strengthen Intelligence – inter-agency coordination.
✅ Whole-of-Govt Approach – integrated response.
✅ National Cyber Strategy – robust cyber infra.
✅ Counter-Radicalisation – Kerala’s model, community policing.
✅ Tech-Driven Border Management – smart fencing, ICPs, drones.
✅ Financial Tracking – stronger FIU-IND, enforce PMLA & UAPA.
✅ Civil Society Engagement – NGOs in peacebuilding.

📍 UPSC Previous Year Questions
1. What are the internal security challenges being faced by India? Give out the role of Central Intelligence and Investigative Agencies tasked to counter such threats. (2023)
2. Discuss the types of organised crime. Describe the linkages between terrorists and organised crime at the national and transnational levels. (2022)
3. Analyse the multidimensional challenges posed by external state and non-state actors to the internal security of India. Also, discuss measures required to be taken to combat these threats. (2021)
4. Use of the internet and social media by non-state actors for subversive activities is a major security concern. How have these been misused in the recent past? Suggest effective guidelines to curb the above threat. (2016)

#Internal #Security #UPSCMains


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