🔆INDIAN BUREAUCRACY
▪️Introduction
✅Bureaucracy is the backbone of the administrative machinery of the country which forms the permanent executive branch of the government.
✅India that is Bharat, being the land of many ancient civilisations, developed the art and science of public administration early on.
✅ From a reading of the historical literature, public administration in India can be traced back to the manuscripts of Arthashasthra written by Kautilya.
▪️Historical Perspective of Civil Services in India :
✅The original conception of civil service can be traced back to the Royal Charters which gave the East India Company the powers to raise a cadre of troops – for both civilian and military purposes.
✅ The introduction of competitive exams in the mid-1800s was an important development which gave primacy to merit-based appointment as opposed to the privilege-based appointment through a referral system.
✅ The commissions that were set up in reforming the public services - from the Macaulay Committee to the Islington Committee to the Lee Commission, strongly suggested that the Statutory Public Service Commission be brought into force.
✅The Civil services soon became the proverbial steel frame to maintain control over the vast British Empire.
✅During the Constitutional Assembly Debates (CAD), there were detailed discussions and arguments about the continuity, the role and loyalty of Indian civil servants, and whether it was wise to continue with the same system in post Independence.
✅ Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was single-handedly responsible for setting up the Civil Services in Independent India and is, therefore, rightly called the ‘Iron Man of India’.
▪️Early Indians in the Civil Service :
✅The first Indian to clear the ICS exam was Satyendra Nath Tagore in the year 1864. It is important to remember that until 1922 post the Montagu Chelmsford Reforms, the exam
was conducted only in London.
✅Other notable names are Bihari Lal Gupta and Romesh Chandra Dutt.
✅ Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose did not join the Indian civil service even after clearing the exam.
✅ India saw some of the foremost civil servants rise to the occasion and create unshakable institutional values, methods, and processes to ensure that India remained a democracy in both form and spirit.
✅Impartiality, incorruptibility, spirit of service is some of the virtues that are seen in civil servants.
✅The espirit de corps and the camaraderie amongst the civil servants‟ fraternity have been the single biggest strength of our Civil Service.
▪️Constitution and the Civil
Services :
✅Articles 310, 311, and 312 of the Indian Constitution pertain to Services under the Union and State.
✅Article 310 enshrines that civil servants of the Union
and All-India Services are appointed by the President of India and civil servants at the State level are appointed by the Governor of the State.
✅They continue to hold offi ce as per the pleasure of the President and Governor, respectively. Therefore, they have the security of tenure.
✅Article 311 mentions the procedures and conditions for removal, dismissal from service, and reduction in rank, thus ensuring due process of law. This ensures that civil servants are protected from political interference and undue harassment.
✅Article 312 lays down the All-India Services of India.
✅The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) and the State Public Service Commissions are constitutional bodies.
✅ Part 1/2
#Public_Administration
#mains
#interview
Source - Yojana
Join @CSE_EXAM
▪️Introduction
✅Bureaucracy is the backbone of the administrative machinery of the country which forms the permanent executive branch of the government.
✅India that is Bharat, being the land of many ancient civilisations, developed the art and science of public administration early on.
✅ From a reading of the historical literature, public administration in India can be traced back to the manuscripts of Arthashasthra written by Kautilya.
▪️Historical Perspective of Civil Services in India :
✅The original conception of civil service can be traced back to the Royal Charters which gave the East India Company the powers to raise a cadre of troops – for both civilian and military purposes.
✅ The introduction of competitive exams in the mid-1800s was an important development which gave primacy to merit-based appointment as opposed to the privilege-based appointment through a referral system.
✅ The commissions that were set up in reforming the public services - from the Macaulay Committee to the Islington Committee to the Lee Commission, strongly suggested that the Statutory Public Service Commission be brought into force.
✅The Civil services soon became the proverbial steel frame to maintain control over the vast British Empire.
✅During the Constitutional Assembly Debates (CAD), there were detailed discussions and arguments about the continuity, the role and loyalty of Indian civil servants, and whether it was wise to continue with the same system in post Independence.
✅ Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was single-handedly responsible for setting up the Civil Services in Independent India and is, therefore, rightly called the ‘Iron Man of India’.
▪️Early Indians in the Civil Service :
✅The first Indian to clear the ICS exam was Satyendra Nath Tagore in the year 1864. It is important to remember that until 1922 post the Montagu Chelmsford Reforms, the exam
was conducted only in London.
✅Other notable names are Bihari Lal Gupta and Romesh Chandra Dutt.
✅ Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose did not join the Indian civil service even after clearing the exam.
✅ India saw some of the foremost civil servants rise to the occasion and create unshakable institutional values, methods, and processes to ensure that India remained a democracy in both form and spirit.
✅Impartiality, incorruptibility, spirit of service is some of the virtues that are seen in civil servants.
✅The espirit de corps and the camaraderie amongst the civil servants‟ fraternity have been the single biggest strength of our Civil Service.
▪️Constitution and the Civil
Services :
✅Articles 310, 311, and 312 of the Indian Constitution pertain to Services under the Union and State.
✅Article 310 enshrines that civil servants of the Union
and All-India Services are appointed by the President of India and civil servants at the State level are appointed by the Governor of the State.
✅They continue to hold offi ce as per the pleasure of the President and Governor, respectively. Therefore, they have the security of tenure.
✅Article 311 mentions the procedures and conditions for removal, dismissal from service, and reduction in rank, thus ensuring due process of law. This ensures that civil servants are protected from political interference and undue harassment.
✅Article 312 lays down the All-India Services of India.
✅The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) and the State Public Service Commissions are constitutional bodies.
✅ Part 1/2
#Public_Administration
#mains
#interview
Source - Yojana
Join @CSE_EXAM
👍1😁1
✅Every year April 21 is 'Civil Services Day' to call on civil servants to renew their dedication and commitment to public service and excellence in work.'
✅On this day, the Prime Minister's Excellence Awards are given to recognise and acknowledge outstanding work done by Districts/ Organisations of the Central and State Governments for outcome-oriented performance.
▪️Challenges and Reforms in the Civil Service :
✅Some of the fundamental tenets of a good bureaucracy are political neutrality, objectivity in decisionmaking, empathy, equity, etc.
✅As an officer appointed to serve the public, one cannot take any political affiliation or alignment but do one’s work objectively and impartially.
✅Constitutionalism matters because every civil servant must be guided by the letter and spirit of our Constitution.
✅Ethics in public administration are important because civil servants are often holding offices that give them a lot of power and authority.
✅Therefore, an officer’s moral compass is key for good governance.
✅The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (headed by Veerappa Moily) discussed the shortcomings and suggests improvements regarding recruitment, performance, and result-oriented bureaucracy.
✅In the last decade, several reforms have been undertaken. Be it the introduction of lateral entry to have expert consultations at the Joint Secretary level, the regular training programmes of training at various levels for career civil servants and a record of performance evaluation.
✅Legislations such as the Right to Information Act, 2005 lays down rules and procedures for a citizen’s right to information, thus creating more transparency and accountability in governance.
✅A more recent debate about the bureaucracy, especially the administrative service, is about
‘generalists’ versus ‘specialists. The role of an administrator is to ensure fair, equitable, and efficient administration of her/his unit, right from the sub-division, district and up to various departments and Ministries at the State and Central levels. Therefore, a broad understanding of the various issues, departments, roles and responsibilities is sine qua non for quick and Effective redressal of public grievances.
✅So, an officer who can effectively handle all areas of administration and policy from health to agriculture to defence, and ensure that work is done at levels junior to oneself needs to be one with ‘general skills’, although some say that the ability to administer well is in itself is a unique skill.
✅However, specialisation may be considered higher up in the ladder based on the officer’s qualifications, interests and work experience depending upon the needs and exigencies at that time. As technology develops and the socioeconomic changes transform India, we need to ensure that these changes do not outpace policy reform
▪️Conclusion :
Many fresh graduates from HTs, IIMs, NLUs and other professionals like doctors, chartered accountants, etc. appear for the UPSC Civil Services every year. This has brought fresh energy and ideas into the bureaucracy. They bring with them their professional expertise adding richly to public administration. Therefore, more and more young professionals from varied socio-economic and academic backgrounds need to enter the civil services to enrich it further and take part in nation building.
✅ Part 2/2
#Public_Administration
#mains
#interview
Source - Yojana
Join @CSE_EXAM
✅On this day, the Prime Minister's Excellence Awards are given to recognise and acknowledge outstanding work done by Districts/ Organisations of the Central and State Governments for outcome-oriented performance.
▪️Challenges and Reforms in the Civil Service :
✅Some of the fundamental tenets of a good bureaucracy are political neutrality, objectivity in decisionmaking, empathy, equity, etc.
✅As an officer appointed to serve the public, one cannot take any political affiliation or alignment but do one’s work objectively and impartially.
✅Constitutionalism matters because every civil servant must be guided by the letter and spirit of our Constitution.
✅Ethics in public administration are important because civil servants are often holding offices that give them a lot of power and authority.
✅Therefore, an officer’s moral compass is key for good governance.
✅The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (headed by Veerappa Moily) discussed the shortcomings and suggests improvements regarding recruitment, performance, and result-oriented bureaucracy.
✅In the last decade, several reforms have been undertaken. Be it the introduction of lateral entry to have expert consultations at the Joint Secretary level, the regular training programmes of training at various levels for career civil servants and a record of performance evaluation.
✅Legislations such as the Right to Information Act, 2005 lays down rules and procedures for a citizen’s right to information, thus creating more transparency and accountability in governance.
✅A more recent debate about the bureaucracy, especially the administrative service, is about
‘generalists’ versus ‘specialists. The role of an administrator is to ensure fair, equitable, and efficient administration of her/his unit, right from the sub-division, district and up to various departments and Ministries at the State and Central levels. Therefore, a broad understanding of the various issues, departments, roles and responsibilities is sine qua non for quick and Effective redressal of public grievances.
✅So, an officer who can effectively handle all areas of administration and policy from health to agriculture to defence, and ensure that work is done at levels junior to oneself needs to be one with ‘general skills’, although some say that the ability to administer well is in itself is a unique skill.
✅However, specialisation may be considered higher up in the ladder based on the officer’s qualifications, interests and work experience depending upon the needs and exigencies at that time. As technology develops and the socioeconomic changes transform India, we need to ensure that these changes do not outpace policy reform
▪️Conclusion :
Many fresh graduates from HTs, IIMs, NLUs and other professionals like doctors, chartered accountants, etc. appear for the UPSC Civil Services every year. This has brought fresh energy and ideas into the bureaucracy. They bring with them their professional expertise adding richly to public administration. Therefore, more and more young professionals from varied socio-economic and academic backgrounds need to enter the civil services to enrich it further and take part in nation building.
✅ Part 2/2
#Public_Administration
#mains
#interview
Source - Yojana
Join @CSE_EXAM
🔆DYNAMICS-SWOT of CIVIL SERVICES
▪️Bureaucracy As A Formal Organisation
✅Due to enlightenment, modern democracy evolved based on elections and the People's Representative (not the people themselves as happens in direct democracy such as Switzerland) started ruling and governing the state. To objectively administer day-to-day affairs, the administrative system evolved. Max Weber distinguished between three types of authority (legitimate power):
✅Traditional authority - Based on succession, rituals, subjective desires etc.
✅Charismatic authority - Based on gifted quality, example Swami Vivekananda, etc.
✅ Rational-legal authority i.e. Bureaucracy.
He defined bureaucracy as a ‘formal organisation" with the following characteristics:
a) Formal selection and promotion based on well-defined norms and criteria, primarily merit and transparency.
b) Written rules, regulations, processes, and procedures so that biases and personal likes and dislikes do not favour or disfavour anyone.
c) Hierarchal structure-well-defined senior, middle and junior levels so that the seniors may inspect, monitor, and give guidance to their juniors on the one hand, and may hear appeals arising against the orders of junior officers: further, feedback from below may result in changing rules/procedures/criteria/norms, etc.
d) Specialisation and Division of Labour and Responsibility - a clear balancing of tasks, sharing power (discretion
or force against others wishes), and responsibility.
e) Professionalism over Personal Whims- It comprises four components in an integrated way: uniformity, neutrality, efficiency, and anonymity.
f) Career orientation-To have stability and continuity, bureaucracy is by nature permanent-a long period of carrier with different assignments to gain experience in diverse fields brings maturity for preparing a public policy. However, the stability and continuity does not mean avoiding change. The idea behind stability, security and permanence has been to avoid greed and allurement for corrupt practices.
▪️Importance of Rational Thinking
✅When Europe was enlightened in the 18th century, the central focus was on rationality. Philosopher Immanuel Kant says the supreme principle of morality is a standard of rationality, hence to act rationally by the universal moral law.
✅Another famous scholar Rene Descartes doctors talked of “I am because I think’, i.e., once existence depends on the reason thinking rationally and scientifically, not emotionally, subjectively, or in a biased manner.
✅Max Weber (1864-1920) was the first sociologist who coined the term bureaucracy and explained it in detail.
✅ Part 1/2
#Public_Administration
#mains
#interview
Source - Yojana
Join @CSE_EXAM
▪️Bureaucracy As A Formal Organisation
✅Due to enlightenment, modern democracy evolved based on elections and the People's Representative (not the people themselves as happens in direct democracy such as Switzerland) started ruling and governing the state. To objectively administer day-to-day affairs, the administrative system evolved. Max Weber distinguished between three types of authority (legitimate power):
✅Traditional authority - Based on succession, rituals, subjective desires etc.
✅Charismatic authority - Based on gifted quality, example Swami Vivekananda, etc.
✅ Rational-legal authority i.e. Bureaucracy.
He defined bureaucracy as a ‘formal organisation" with the following characteristics:
a) Formal selection and promotion based on well-defined norms and criteria, primarily merit and transparency.
b) Written rules, regulations, processes, and procedures so that biases and personal likes and dislikes do not favour or disfavour anyone.
c) Hierarchal structure-well-defined senior, middle and junior levels so that the seniors may inspect, monitor, and give guidance to their juniors on the one hand, and may hear appeals arising against the orders of junior officers: further, feedback from below may result in changing rules/procedures/criteria/norms, etc.
d) Specialisation and Division of Labour and Responsibility - a clear balancing of tasks, sharing power (discretion
or force against others wishes), and responsibility.
e) Professionalism over Personal Whims- It comprises four components in an integrated way: uniformity, neutrality, efficiency, and anonymity.
f) Career orientation-To have stability and continuity, bureaucracy is by nature permanent-a long period of carrier with different assignments to gain experience in diverse fields brings maturity for preparing a public policy. However, the stability and continuity does not mean avoiding change. The idea behind stability, security and permanence has been to avoid greed and allurement for corrupt practices.
▪️Importance of Rational Thinking
✅When Europe was enlightened in the 18th century, the central focus was on rationality. Philosopher Immanuel Kant says the supreme principle of morality is a standard of rationality, hence to act rationally by the universal moral law.
✅Another famous scholar Rene Descartes doctors talked of “I am because I think’, i.e., once existence depends on the reason thinking rationally and scientifically, not emotionally, subjectively, or in a biased manner.
✅Max Weber (1864-1920) was the first sociologist who coined the term bureaucracy and explained it in detail.
✅ Part 1/2
#Public_Administration
#mains
#interview
Source - Yojana
Join @CSE_EXAM
▪️Weaknesses/Pathologies Of The System
a) Formal selection and promotion - At different levels of group A, B and C, the candidates are selected based on
competitive examinations-by UPSC, State PSCs, or State Staff Selection Boards. After training, they start working. In civil services, one hasto serve for atleast 14 years to become director, at least 18 years to become a joint secretary to GoI, at least 32 years to become Secretary GoI. There are systemic inconsistencies in promotion and empanelment.
b) Red-tapism: Too much of rule orientation leads to inordinate delays and goal distraction. At times outmoded rules and procedures restrict the civil servant from performing effectively. Often a plea of "too much work" is given for delays; hence more decentralisation, better division of works, and separating ‘urgent’, ‘important’ and ‘routine’ tasks is highly required.
c) Hierarchalstructure - At times the hierarchalstructure is eroded by favouring the lower officers on the ground of caste, religion, region, language, etc. The well-established and time-tested protocols are flouted leading to various systemic problems including insubordination.
d) Division of Work and Responsibility: The principle of sharing both power and responsibility in a balanced way
should prevail for obtaining the optical outcome, otherwise power without responsibility leads to autocracy and corruption. Lord Acton has said, "power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely." On the other hand, responsibility without power leads to activities without an outcome, i.e. utter failure to achieve goals, vision and mission.
e) Prevalence of "Transfer Industry”:
✅The principal of 3 years tenure is hardly followed, and many officers are transferred shortly without sufficient/genuine reasons.
✅Civil Services Boards exist only formally in states, to sign on the proposal mooted by the above power, hence the very purpose of objectivity and transparency is defeated.
✅Many officers continue on the same post for a long tenure because of political connection, backing, and favour due to particular caste or religious community , depriving other competent officers.
✅Often favoured transfers are linked with a parochial consideration and money changes hands.
✅There are certain ‘shunting posts’, where no work, no file, and no facilities exist. This wastes money, time
and career.
▪️Sardar Patel National Unity Award
The award seeks to recognise notable and inspiring contributions to promote the cause of national unity and integrity and reinforce the value of a strong and united India. It is announced on 31st October, the birth anniversary of Sardar Patel. The award consists of a medal and citation, and no monetary grant is rewarded.
Not more than three awards are given in the year and it shall not be conferred posthumously except in very rare cases. Any citizen of India, any institution /organization is eligible. Nominations are publicly invited every year and can be filed online on the website of MHA.
✅ Part 2/2
#Public_Administration
#mains
#interview
Source - Yojana
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a) Formal selection and promotion - At different levels of group A, B and C, the candidates are selected based on
competitive examinations-by UPSC, State PSCs, or State Staff Selection Boards. After training, they start working. In civil services, one hasto serve for atleast 14 years to become director, at least 18 years to become a joint secretary to GoI, at least 32 years to become Secretary GoI. There are systemic inconsistencies in promotion and empanelment.
b) Red-tapism: Too much of rule orientation leads to inordinate delays and goal distraction. At times outmoded rules and procedures restrict the civil servant from performing effectively. Often a plea of "too much work" is given for delays; hence more decentralisation, better division of works, and separating ‘urgent’, ‘important’ and ‘routine’ tasks is highly required.
c) Hierarchalstructure - At times the hierarchalstructure is eroded by favouring the lower officers on the ground of caste, religion, region, language, etc. The well-established and time-tested protocols are flouted leading to various systemic problems including insubordination.
d) Division of Work and Responsibility: The principle of sharing both power and responsibility in a balanced way
should prevail for obtaining the optical outcome, otherwise power without responsibility leads to autocracy and corruption. Lord Acton has said, "power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely." On the other hand, responsibility without power leads to activities without an outcome, i.e. utter failure to achieve goals, vision and mission.
e) Prevalence of "Transfer Industry”:
✅The principal of 3 years tenure is hardly followed, and many officers are transferred shortly without sufficient/genuine reasons.
✅Civil Services Boards exist only formally in states, to sign on the proposal mooted by the above power, hence the very purpose of objectivity and transparency is defeated.
✅Many officers continue on the same post for a long tenure because of political connection, backing, and favour due to particular caste or religious community , depriving other competent officers.
✅Often favoured transfers are linked with a parochial consideration and money changes hands.
✅There are certain ‘shunting posts’, where no work, no file, and no facilities exist. This wastes money, time
and career.
▪️Sardar Patel National Unity Award
The award seeks to recognise notable and inspiring contributions to promote the cause of national unity and integrity and reinforce the value of a strong and united India. It is announced on 31st October, the birth anniversary of Sardar Patel. The award consists of a medal and citation, and no monetary grant is rewarded.
Not more than three awards are given in the year and it shall not be conferred posthumously except in very rare cases. Any citizen of India, any institution /organization is eligible. Nominations are publicly invited every year and can be filed online on the website of MHA.
✅ Part 2/2
#Public_Administration
#mains
#interview
Source - Yojana
Join @CSE_EXAM
👍2
🔆Civil Service Reforms: Mission Karmayogi
▪️Introduction
✅GoI on September 2, 2020 announced Mission Karmayogi programme where civil servants would be trained to be "more creative, constructive, imaginative, innovative, proactive, professional, progressive, energetic, transparent and technology enabled”. The fundamental focus is the creation of "citizen centric civil service" capable of creating and delivering services conducive to economic growth in public welfare.
✅The Union Cabinet approved the new national architecture for civil services capacity building called Mission Karmayogi that aims to transform the capacity building apparatus at individual, institutional and process levels at GoI. It promises a shift from rules to roles, silos to coordination, interdisciplinary movements, and a continuous capacity building exercise.
✅ The national program for civil services capacity building has been so designed that it remains entrenched in Indian culture and sensibilities while learning from the best institutions and practices across the world.
✅The mission will make available to all civil servants, an opportunity to build and strengthen their behavioral, functional, and domain competencies in the self-given and mandated learning paths.
✅ It will enable all the central ministries and departments and their organizations to directly invest the resources towards co-creation and sharing the collaborative and common ecosystem of learning through an annual financial subscription for every employee.
✅The mission will encourage and partner with the best in class learning content operators including public
training institutions, universities, startups and individual experts.
▪️Components:
✅ The program will be delivered by setting up an integrated Government Online Training – (iGOT) Karmayogi platform.
✅ A Public Human Resources Council under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister, with Union Ministers, Chief Ministers, eminent HR practitioners, national and international experts would oversee the entire capacity building exercise.
✅ An expert body called Capacity Building Commission will be set up to harmonise training standards, create
shared faculty and resources.
▪️The role of the Commission will be:
✅ To assist the PM public human resources Council on approving annual capacity building plans.
✅Exercise functional supervision over all Central training institutions dealing with civil services capacity building.
✅To make recommendations on standardisation of training and capacity building, pedagogy and methodology.
▪️Finance
✅ A special purpose vehicle, SPV will be set up under section 8 of the companies act 2013 – a not-for-profit company which will own and manage the iGOT Karmayogi platform. The SPV will own all intellectual property rights on behalf of the GoI.
✅An appropriate monitoring and evaluation framework will also be put for performance evaluation of all the users of iGOT Karmayogi platform. This model was tried successfully during Covid situation for training health professionals.
✅ Part 1/2
#Public_Administration
#mains
#prelims
Source - Yojana
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▪️Introduction
✅GoI on September 2, 2020 announced Mission Karmayogi programme where civil servants would be trained to be "more creative, constructive, imaginative, innovative, proactive, professional, progressive, energetic, transparent and technology enabled”. The fundamental focus is the creation of "citizen centric civil service" capable of creating and delivering services conducive to economic growth in public welfare.
✅The Union Cabinet approved the new national architecture for civil services capacity building called Mission Karmayogi that aims to transform the capacity building apparatus at individual, institutional and process levels at GoI. It promises a shift from rules to roles, silos to coordination, interdisciplinary movements, and a continuous capacity building exercise.
✅ The national program for civil services capacity building has been so designed that it remains entrenched in Indian culture and sensibilities while learning from the best institutions and practices across the world.
✅The mission will make available to all civil servants, an opportunity to build and strengthen their behavioral, functional, and domain competencies in the self-given and mandated learning paths.
✅ It will enable all the central ministries and departments and their organizations to directly invest the resources towards co-creation and sharing the collaborative and common ecosystem of learning through an annual financial subscription for every employee.
✅The mission will encourage and partner with the best in class learning content operators including public
training institutions, universities, startups and individual experts.
▪️Components:
✅ The program will be delivered by setting up an integrated Government Online Training – (iGOT) Karmayogi platform.
✅ A Public Human Resources Council under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister, with Union Ministers, Chief Ministers, eminent HR practitioners, national and international experts would oversee the entire capacity building exercise.
✅ An expert body called Capacity Building Commission will be set up to harmonise training standards, create
shared faculty and resources.
▪️The role of the Commission will be:
✅ To assist the PM public human resources Council on approving annual capacity building plans.
✅Exercise functional supervision over all Central training institutions dealing with civil services capacity building.
✅To make recommendations on standardisation of training and capacity building, pedagogy and methodology.
▪️Finance
✅ A special purpose vehicle, SPV will be set up under section 8 of the companies act 2013 – a not-for-profit company which will own and manage the iGOT Karmayogi platform. The SPV will own all intellectual property rights on behalf of the GoI.
✅An appropriate monitoring and evaluation framework will also be put for performance evaluation of all the users of iGOT Karmayogi platform. This model was tried successfully during Covid situation for training health professionals.
✅ Part 1/2
#Public_Administration
#mains
#prelims
Source - Yojana
Join @CSE_EXAM
▪️Recent Reforms
✅The GoI approved the formation of the Indian Skill Development Service in 2015, Indian Enterprise Development Service in 2016.
✅The Cabinet of India approved merger of all civil services under Indian Railways into Indian Railway Management Service as part of structural reforms in the sector in 2019.
✅The Union Cabinet has also approved the corporatisation of the Ordnance Factory Board, a production arm of Department of defence production DDT, Ministry of Defence.
✅The government has allowed lateral entry into the Civil Service to transform the civil service examinations
conducted by the UPSC, to align it with the needs and aspirations of 21st century nation. These include positions such as Joint Secretaries and Directors in Central Ministries and Departments for which domain experts are being recruited for tenure-based contracts by the government.
✅ Another major marker is dis investment of the government's majority share in public sector and Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) to achieve higher productivity and promote better business practices while reducing government costs arising out of administrative functions, monetary leakages and suboptimal utilization of resources while also benefiting through better and more transparent use of taxpayers money and higher competitiveness.
✅A National Recruitment Agency (NRA) has been created to conduct examinations for the middle and lower rungs of government service for streamlining public administration within the country and replacing the current web of agencies and examinations.
✅ Part 2/2
#Public_Administration
#mains
#prelims
Source - Yojana
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✅The GoI approved the formation of the Indian Skill Development Service in 2015, Indian Enterprise Development Service in 2016.
✅The Cabinet of India approved merger of all civil services under Indian Railways into Indian Railway Management Service as part of structural reforms in the sector in 2019.
✅The Union Cabinet has also approved the corporatisation of the Ordnance Factory Board, a production arm of Department of defence production DDT, Ministry of Defence.
✅The government has allowed lateral entry into the Civil Service to transform the civil service examinations
conducted by the UPSC, to align it with the needs and aspirations of 21st century nation. These include positions such as Joint Secretaries and Directors in Central Ministries and Departments for which domain experts are being recruited for tenure-based contracts by the government.
✅ Another major marker is dis investment of the government's majority share in public sector and Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) to achieve higher productivity and promote better business practices while reducing government costs arising out of administrative functions, monetary leakages and suboptimal utilization of resources while also benefiting through better and more transparent use of taxpayers money and higher competitiveness.
✅A National Recruitment Agency (NRA) has been created to conduct examinations for the middle and lower rungs of government service for streamlining public administration within the country and replacing the current web of agencies and examinations.
✅ Part 2/2
#Public_Administration
#mains
#prelims
Source - Yojana
Join @CSE_EXAM
👍1