🔆National Party Status :

✅Citing the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968, which
stipulates criteria for recognition as a national or state party.
✅The ElectionCommission of India (ECI) now recognises six national parties.
🔸Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),
🔸Indian National Congress,
🔸Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP),
🔸Communist Party of India (CPI) (Marxist),
🔸National People’s Party (NPP) and
🔸Aam Aadmi Party (AAP).

▪️ How is a Party’s National status decided?

✅ Votes in Lok Sabha (LS), state polls: A party should secure at least 6% of votes
polled in four or more states in LS or assembly elections, and, in addition, have at least four members in LS.
✅ Seats in LS: It should have at least 2% of total Lok Sabha seats and have candidates from not less than three states.
✅ Must be a state party: in at least four states.

▪️Benefits of National Party Status :

✅ Exclusive allotment of its reserved symbol to its candidates throughout India.
✅ Need only one person to propose a candidate’s name to file nominations.
✅ Get broadcast facilities over Akashvani/Doordarshan during general elections.
✅ Can have up to 40-star campaigners while others can have up to 20-star campaigners.

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✅Gross Domestic Product (GDP) : GDP is defined as total market value of all final goods and services in an economy. It is used to assess the size of economy.

✅Growth of GDP : It can be either due to increase in actual production or due to increase in prices of goods and services or combination of both the above two factors.

✅Nominal GDP : It is the value of GDP at the current prevailing prices.

✅Real GDP : It is the value of GDP at some constant set of prices.
Real GDP growth rate = Nominal rate – Inflation (GDP Deflator)

✅The GDP deflator : It is the ratio of nominal to real GDP.

GDP Deflator = Nominal GDP / Real GDP

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🔆Index of Industrial Production (IIP)

✅ It is a composite indicator measuring changes in the volume of production of a basket of industrial products over a period of time.
✅ It measures the growth rate of industry groups classified under,
🔸 Broad sectors - Mining, Manufacturing and Electricity
🔸 Use-based sectors - Basic Goods, Capital Goods and Intermediate Goods
✅ Base year - 2011
✅ It is compiled and published on a monthly basis by the CSO (now known as National Statistics Office (NSO)) with a time lag of 6 weeks from the reference month.

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🔆Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

✅A specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security.

✅Founded : In 1945 in Quebec City, Canada (HQ - Rome, Italy)
✅India – Joined in 1945 as founding member

✅Global Coverage : With 195 members - 194 countries and the European Union, FAO works in over 130 countries world wide.

Global Reports and Publications

✅ The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI)
✅ The Impact of Disasters on Agriculture and Food Security
✅ Global Report on Food Crises

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🔆Hindustan Republican Association

✅ Founded by : Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Sachindra Nath Bakshi and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee.
✅Chandra Shekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh joined later.
✅ Cause of formation : Disillusioned with Gandhi’s non-violence and calling off Non-cooperation movement (NCM) in 1922.
✅ Manifesto : Krantikari (Revolutionary) was released in 1925.
✅ Objective : To establish a federal Republic of United States of India with universal suffrage and socialist principles by an organized and armed revolution.

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🔆 Zero FIR (First Information Report)

✅ Unlike an FIR, which is restricted by jurisdiction, a zero FIR can be filed in any police station, regardless of whether the offence was committed under the jurisdiction of that particular police station.
✅ Whereas FIRs have serial numbers assigned to them, zero FIRs are assigned the number ‘0’. Hence the name, Zero FIR.
✅ After a police station registers a zero FIR, it has to transfer the complaint to a police station that has the jurisdiction to investigate the alleged offence.
✅ Once a zero FIR is transferred, the police station with the appropriate jurisdiction assigned it a serial number, thereby converting it into a regular FIR.

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🔆National Party Status :

✅Citing the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968, which
stipulates criteria for recognition as a national or state party.
✅The ElectionCommission of India (ECI) now recognises six national parties.
🔸Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),
🔸Indian National Congress,
🔸Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP),
🔸Communist Party of India (CPI) (Marxist),
🔸National People’s Party (NPP) and
🔸Aam Aadmi Party (AAP).

▪️ How is a Party’s National status decided?

✅ Votes in Lok Sabha (LS), state polls: A party should secure at least 6% of votes
polled in four or more states in LS or assembly elections, and, in addition, have at least four members in LS.
✅ Seats in LS: It should have at least 2% of total Lok Sabha seats and have candidates from not less than three states.
✅ Must be a state party: in at least four states.

▪️Benefits of National Party Status :

✅ Exclusive allotment of its reserved symbol to its candidates throughout India.
✅ Need only one person to propose a candidate’s name to file nominations.
✅ Get broadcast facilities over Akashvani/Doordarshan during general elections.
✅ Can have up to 40-star campaigners while others can have up to 20-star campaigners.

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Pandita Ramabai
✅Mahila Arya Samaj founder
✅Mukti Mission
✅Sharda Sadan
✅Widow home (Bombay)
✅Medical education for Women
✅Indian scholar, 1st feminist

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https://t.me/prelims_tricks

🔆Buddhist Terminology

✅Pratyeka Buddhas: Beings who have attained enlightenment without guidance but have not taught it to the world.
✅Arhat: Who have achieved Nirvana.
✅Bodhisattva: Abeing about to become Buddha shows charity and helper of man.
✅Sramanas/Bhikshu: Buddhist monks.
✅Upasakas: Lay followers.
✅Mahaparinirvana: Final blowing out, death.
✅Arya-Atthangikamagga: Noble eight-fold path.
✅Ashtamahasthanas: Eight holy places.
✅Tathagata: One of the titles of Buddha.
✅Prajna Parimita : Female deity of perfection and insight associated with Mahayana.
✅Anatta: Soullessness.
✅Samnera: Buddhist monks before being introduced into sangha as full-fledged member.
✅Paramita: 10 percepts (vows) observed by monks.
✅Pratimoksa: Rules of 150 articles (a part of Vinay Pitaka).
✅Skandhakas: Monastic rules.
✅Poshadha: Fortnightly meeting in Sanghas.
✅Siddha: Perfected being in Vajrayana.
✅Sakra: Gold identical with Indra used by the monks.
✅Sangha: Buddhist order.
✅Vassa: Retreat during rainy season by the monks.
✅Sangharam: Resting place for monks.
✅Vihara: Buddhist monastery.
✅Pravajya: Initial ordination for old and experienced monks.
✅Sramanas: Buddhist monks, in general.
✅Upajjhaya: Spiritual leader.
✅Sanketas: Four noble truths.
✅Upasotha/Roya: Days of fast on full moon, new moon and two quarter moon days in a month.
✅Chaitya: Temples of Buddhists.

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🔆National Party Status :

✅Citing the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968, which
stipulates criteria for recognition as a national or state party.
✅The ElectionCommission of India (ECI) now recognises six national parties.
🔸Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),
🔸Indian National Congress,
🔸Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP),
🔸Communist Party of India (CPI) (Marxist),
🔸National People’s Party (NPP) and
🔸Aam Aadmi Party (AAP).

▪️ How is a Party’s National status decided?

✅ Votes in Lok Sabha (LS), state polls: A party should secure at least 6% of votes
polled in four or more states in LS or assembly elections, and, in addition, have at least four members in LS.
✅ Seats in LS: It should have at least 2% of total Lok Sabha seats and have candidates from not less than three states.
✅ Must be a state party: in at least four states.

▪️Benefits of National Party Status :

✅ Exclusive allotment of its reserved symbol to its candidates throughout India.
✅ Need only one person to propose a candidate’s name to file nominations.
✅ Get broadcast facilities over Akashvani/Doordarshan during general elections.
✅ Can have up to 40-star campaigners while others can have up to 20-star campaigners.

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#polity

Join @CSE_EXAM
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ARTICLE 240

✅Article 240 empowers the President of India to make regulations for the peace, progress, and good government of certain Union Territories.

✅Currently, this applies to Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu, and Puducherry (only when its assembly is suspended/dissolved).

✅Regulations made by the President under Article 240 have the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament.

✅ The Union government planned to introduce Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill, 2025 to include the UT of Chandigarh under Article 240.

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✅Gross Domestic Product (GDP) : GDP is defined as total market value of all final goods and services in an economy. It is used to assess the size of economy.

✅Growth of GDP : It can be either due to increase in actual production or due to increase in prices of goods and services or combination of both the above two factors.

✅Nominal GDP : It is the value of GDP at the current prevailing prices.

✅Real GDP : It is the value of GDP at some constant set of prices.
Real GDP growth rate = Nominal rate – Inflation (GDP Deflator)

✅The GDP deflator : It is the ratio of nominal to real GDP.

GDP Deflator = Nominal GDP / Real GDP

#economy
#pre_revision

Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_4_economy

🔆Hindustan Republican Association

✅ Founded by : Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Sachindra Nath Bakshi and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee.
✅Chandra Shekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh joined later.
✅ Cause of formation : Disillusioned with Gandhi’s non-violence and calling off Non-cooperation movement (NCM) in 1922.
✅ Manifesto : Krantikari (Revolutionary) was released in 1925.
✅ Objective : To establish a federal Republic of United States of India with universal suffrage and socialist principles by an organized and armed revolution.

#pre_revision
#history

Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_4_history