✨Prepositions with ATTEND


1️⃣ When attend means 'go to', 'be present at', it may be used transitively with a direct object and no preposition:

◽️attend a meeting
◽️attend a concert
◽️attend school
◽️attend church

or intransitively:

◾️Some people attend regularly, others only occasionally.

The latter may be followed by AT to indicate the place where one attends or is to attend.

🔹With regard to your application for the post of junior clerk, will you please attend at this office at 10 a.m. on Thursday next.

🔻The abstract noun is attendance. It is followed by OF to denote the grammatical subject:

◽️The attendance of several students has been only sporadic.

and occasionally the object:

◾️The attendance of meetings takes up a great deal of my time.

but the object is more frequently introduced by AT:

🔻attendance:
🔸at school
🔸at church
🔸at lectures, etc.

🔻In attendance = attending.

🔹Family allowances are payable in respect of children over fifteen years of age, only if they are in full-time attendance at a school, college, university, or other approved educational institution.


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2️⃣ Attend on (or upon):

accompany, usually; in the case of persons, with the idea of performing services for or carrying out the wishes of the person so attended.

🔹Wherever the Emperor went he had a number of his house-hold servants to attend on him. (Or 'He was attended on by ...')

🔻Again the abstract noun is attendance

🔹their attendance on the Emperor

🔻In attendance = having the position of, or performing the duties of, such an attendant.

🔻In accounts of functions or ceremonies at which members of the Royal Family are present, we often read:

🔹The Lady ... was in attendance'.

🔻The adjective is attendant (on or upon), though it is usually used figuratively, as in the expression:

◾️all the other ills attendant upon famine (i.e. that follow, or come in the train of, famine).

🔻Note also the passive construction attended with (=accompanied by, or (sometimes) likely to give rise to). It is used of actions, plans, situations, etc., not of persons:

◽️a task attended with great difficulties;
◽️a scheme attended with grave consequences, should it fail.


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3️⃣ Attend to:

give one's attention to:

◽️attend to the lesson,
◽️attend to one's business,
◽️attend to the teacher,
◽️attend to my car.

🔻TO is also used with the passive voice, where the passive is appropriate,

🔹His injury was attended to by a young doctor.

🔻The abstract noun is attention, which is followed by OF to indicate the grammatical subject:

▪️Leave that letter for the attention of Mr Brown.

and TO for the thing or the matter towards which one's attention is directed:

🔹attention to detail

🔻The adjective is attentive, which also takes TO:

🔸attentive to the lecture,
🔸attentive to her mistress's demands.

⚠️Notes:

🅰️✨A doctor:

🔺attends to a wound or an injury,
🔺and attends to a patient if he turns his attention to him and renders him professional service on a particular occasion.

But he attends a patient if he pays him constant visits and gives him treatment over a period.

✨The patient, in such circumstances, is attended by the doctor:

🔹In his last illness he was attended by Dr. Carson.
🔹Who was the doctor that attended him ?

🅱️ When the meaning of attend is either that of 1️⃣ or 3️⃣ above,
a person who attends is an attender:

◽️a regular attender at church,
◽️a poor attender to anything in which he is not keenly interested;

when it is that of 2️⃣, the personal noun is attendant:

🔺an attendant on the Princess

🔻Attendant is also used for one who attends to the inquiries, etc., of visitors to some large public building such as a library.


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✨Double modal


A double modal is a linguistic construction in which two modal auxiliaries are used in succession to introduce two separate modalities into a sentence.

🔹I might can jump over that bush = there is a possibility that you have the ability to jump over the bush.

OR

🔹I might be able to jump over the bush. (#Standard_English)

🔘EXAMPLES:

◽️Could you might give me a minute?
◽️Maybe we might should plan to eat out.
◽️We might can go up there next Saturday.
◽️Well, once we get under way, it shouldn't oughta take us very long.

😃Fun fact:

Some English speakers even use triple modal constructions, which is why many people refer to these as “multiple modal” constructions:

🔘EXAMPLES:

🔸It's a long way and he might will can't come, but I'm going to ask.
🔸I reckon I might should better try to get me a little bit more sleep.

This kind of modality is associated with Southern #British and #American_English, as well as a few other varieties.


#Spoken_English
#Modality
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✨Common double modal combinations

#Spoken_English
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✨To crack


🔻Crack the eggs = Break the eggs 🍳

🔻You crack me up! = You made me laugh! 🤣

🔻At the crack of dawn = Early morning☀️

🔻Let’s get cracking! = Let’s get started (quickly)🏃🏻‍♂️

🔻I’ve cracked it! = I’ve found the solution!💡

🔻They’re cracking down = They’re taking stronger action👮🏻‍♂️

🔻I need to crack on = I need to continue/start👨🏻‍💻

🔻I’m going to crack = I’m weak from the stress😓


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🤔Interesting!


🔰English is the only language where you:

🚘drive in a parkway and park in a driveway!

and

📖recite in a play and play in a recital.


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🔰Future


✨Will and Present forms: both possible✌🏻

Will and present forms (especially going to ...) are often both possible in the same situation, if ‘present’ ideas like intention or fixed arrangement are a part of the meaning, but not very important. The choice can depend on which aspect we wish to emphasise.

🔹What will you do next year?
(open question about the future; perhaps no clear plans have been made)
🔸What are you doing next year? (emphasis on fixed arrangements)
◽️What are you going to do next year? (emphasis on intentions)

🔹All the family will be there.
◽️All the family are going to be there.

🔹If your mother comes, you’ll have to help with the cooking.
◽️If your mother comes, you're going to have to help with the cooking.

🔹You won’t believe this.
◽️You’re not going to believe this.

🔹Next year will be different.
◽️Next year is going to be different.

🔹Jack will explain everything to you.
◽️Jack’s going to explain everything to you.

➖Both going to ... and stressed will can express a strong intention or determination.

◽️I’m really going to stop smoking!
🔹I really will stop smoking!

➖In cases like these, the different forms are all correct, and it is unimportant which one is chosen.

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🔹Accomplish 🆚 Achieve


◾️To accomplish world unity, we need peace.✘
◽️To achieve world unity, we need peace.☑️

◾️A balanced diet is accomplished by eating many different kinds of food.✘
◽️A balanced diet is achieved by eating many different kinds of food.☑️
          

  ✨When you accomplish something, you manage to do it or complete it, especially something that gives you satisfaction:

🔻She felt that she could accomplish more through journalism.
🔻During his five years as President, he accomplished very little.

   ✨When you achieve something, you manage to do or obtain what you have planned to do or obtain, especially after a lot of effort:

🔺The company intends to achieve all these goals within the next five years.
🔺By the age of twenty, she had already achieved her ambition.

⚠️Note that achieve is also used to mean 'accomplish':

🔸By the end of the course, you will feel that you've really achieved something.


#Vocabulary
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✨How to use WOULD


🔹I would come home. = I was going to come home.

🔹I would be happy to drive you home. = I'll definitely be happy to ...

🔹I would have called you but ... = I wanted to call you but ...

🔹I wish you would leave me alone. = I don't want you to be here. It's annoying. It hasn't happened yet.

🔹I would play chess when I was a teenager. = I used to play chess ...

🔹Would you excuse me? = I request you to excuse me.

🔹Would you like a drink? = I offer you a drink.

🔹I'd like (would like) a cup of tea. = I want a ...

🔹I would do it if I were you. = I advise you to do that.

🔹I would think you're cheating on me. = I think you're cheating on me but I'm not sure.

🔹I'd rather (would rather) to stay here. = I prefer to stay here.


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#Auxiliary
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✨ahead (of) 🆚 in front (of)

🔹In most cars,the engine's in front. (Not ahead)✘

🔹Right up to the end of the race. College Boy was just ahead of/in front of Red Fur.

🔹College Boy was ahead/in front.

🔻in front (of)/behind/at the back 👉🏻 for absolute position

🔻ahead (of)/behind 👉🏻 for position relative to others


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✨Expect 🆚 hope


🔸She is hoping a raise.✘
🔸She is expecting a raise.✅


◽️When we EXPECT something we think that it will in fact happen.

◽️When we HOPE for something to happen, we would like it to happen, but we don't know whether it will.

🔻She is expecting a baby. (= She is pregnant now.)

🔻She is hoping that it will be a girl. (She doesn’t know whether it will be a boy or a girl, but she will be happier if it is a girl.)

✨We can EXPECT good or bad things to happen, but we only HOPE for good things.


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✨Thank you everybody!


✅The correct answer is:

C. Both are correct

But they have slightly different meanings.👌🏻

◽️If you appreciate that someone contacted the office (the act of contacting), use YOUR. It's roughly equivalent to: “We appreciate that you contacted the office.”

◾️If you appreciate the person who contacted the office, use YOU.

✨Typically, you want the possessive pronoun:

We appreciate YOUR contacting the office.

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✨English language is a fearsomely difficult one!


There are examples of conundrums like:

🔸Sweetmeats are candies while sweetbreads which are not sweet, are not meat!

🔹We 'ship' by truck, but 'send cargo' by ship!

🔸'Trim' is : to decorate or to remove excess from !

🔹A 'slim chance' and a 'fat chance' are the same meaning !

🔸A 'wise man' is the opposite of a 'wise guy'!

🔹An alarm goes 'off' when it is 'on'!

🔸'Overlook' and 'oversee' have opposite meanings , while 'look' and 'see' mean the same!

🔹'Quicksand' works slowly!

🔸'Boxing rings' are square!

🔹When the stars are 'out', they are visible, but when the lights are 'out', they are invisible!


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🔹Get the hang of something #informal

= to learn how to do something or use something:


🔻It seems difficult at first, but you’ll soon get the hang of it.


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✨Massive

When you use massive about objects and buildings, it has the feeling of being very solid or heavy:

🔹The castle is surrounded by a massive stone wall.

🔹a massive wooden table


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✨A necessary evil
✨شر لابد منه


= Something that you do not like but that cannot be avoided

🔸These days, student loans are a necessary evil in order to get an education that leads to a well-paying job.


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