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✨A fruitful collection of Vocabulary, Grammar, Phrasal verbs, Idiomatic expressions & much more.✨

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Forwarded from Omar Alamri
Relative clauses referring to a whole sentence

Some relative clauses refer to a whole clause, a whole sentence, or a longer stretch of language. We always use which to introduce these clauses.

We often use these clauses in informal speaking to express an opinion or evaluation:

I think the other thing that was really good about it as well was that everybody worked really hard and helped tidy up at the end, which I hadn’t expected at all.

Spoken English:
In speaking, a second speaker often uses a which-clause like this to evaluate or give an opinion on something the first speaker has said:

[The speakers are talking about trains. Paddington is a train station in London.]

A:
So it leaves Paddington at 8.30 and it’ll get me into Gloucester at 10.15.

B:
Which is perfect because I can pick you up on my way home. (Speaker B is evaluating the fact that the train gets into Gloucester at 10.15.)

Sometimes the same speaker may add a which-clause after a response by a listener:

A:
I was already working with them doing a temporary job and I was asked if I would go on a permanent contract.

B:
Oh right.

A:
Which I did. (Speaker A was offered a permanent job contract and accepted the offer.)

In speaking we sometimes pause before these clauses:

She just lives six doors away, [pause] which is very handy.
✨ A fox's sleep 🦊

= A state of apparent sleep (or feigned indifference) in which someone is actually aware of everything going on around them.

Alludes to the idea that foxes sleep with one eye open and thus are always at the ready.


🔺I think Amy is just in a fox's sleep, so be careful what you say right now.

#idiom
@PMPerfect1
✨Cool customer😎

= Someone who remains even-tempered, especially in stressful situations.

🔺Brad is such a cool customer. Nothing ever seems to bother him.

#idiom
@PMPerfect1
🌺 Ways to Say Someone is Stupid


1. He’s not the sharpest tool in the shed.

2. She’s a few cards short of a deck.

3. He’s a bit slow.

4. She’s a complete idiot.

5. He’s really dumb.

6. He’s not the sharpest tool in the shed!

7. He’s one fry short of a Happy Meal!

8. The elevator doesn’t go to the top floor.

9. The light is on but nobody’s home.

10. Somewhere there’s a village missing its idiot.

Someone is :

11 not the brightest crayon in the box.

12. not the brightest bulb in the chandelier

13. not the sharpest knife in the drawer

14. not the brightest star in the sky

15. not the brightest bulb on the Christmas tree

16. not the quickest bunny in the forest

17. Cuckoo

18. Wack

19. Have bats in the belfry

20. He’s missing a few buttons on his remote control.

21. He doesn’t have all the chairs at the table.

📕There are also many other words connected with head like:

22.Thick-head

23. Flat-head

24. Empty-headed

#idiom
@PMPerfect1
Forwarded from Omar Alamri
⭐️Prepositions with Farm⭐️

📚A person farms land, farms so many acres, farms in a certain locality.
(e.g. in Dorest, in Kent, in Wiltshire).

🔹A farm-worker, or anyone engaged either permanently or temporarily in agricultural work, works on a farm:

✨During the university vacation he worked on a farm.

⚠️,but

🔹someone who is doing work not connected with farming, but on the farm premises, works at a farm.
(e.g a person doing domestic work, a builder building or repairing outhouses).

🔹Even for farm-workers, at is used if a particular farm is specified:

✨He works at Blackmoor Farm.
✨That is the farm at which I used to work.

(Cf. work in a factory, but work at a particular factory that is named. )

#grammar
#prepositions
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✨Inflectional 🆚 Phrasal Comparison✨

🔹Gradable adjectives of one syllable usually take the inflectional suffix, except for a few forms such as right, wrong and real.
🔹Longer adjectives usually take phrasal comparison, using the degree adverbs more and most, e.g more difficult, most important.

🔸In some cases, monosyllabic adjectives can alternatively take phrasal marking as well as inflectional.

Examples of monosyllabic adjectives with phrasal marking are:

1️⃣"Wouldn't that be MORE FAIR?" she asked. (FICTION)

2️⃣"But Pavarotti is a little fuller in the face." And probably a little MORE FULL by now. (NEWS)

⚠️note the use of monosyllabic full with both comparative forms

3️⃣Our women are MORE FIERCE than our men. (NEWS)

4️⃣"I think this is the one she is MOST PROUD of." (NEWS)

5️⃣We recently had PM even MORE RUDE than Paul Keating. (NEWS)

🔶A possible reason for the choice of the phrasal alternative here is that it makes the comparison more prominent; in speech, the comparison can additionally be stressed for emphasis.

✨🔹✨🔹✨🔹✨🔹✨🔹✨🔹✨
Reference: Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English by Douglas Biber, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad and Edward Finegan.

#Spoken_English
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✨a load of crap, nonsense, garbage, rubbish, etc.

(informal.)= something that is not true, or something of very bad quality

🔸Who said they were cheaper - what a load of rubbish!

🔸He liked the second series and I thought it was a load of crap.

#idiom
@PMPerfect1
✨ ”Sense of freedom”

When you have a 'sense of freedom,' it means that you feel free to be able to move about and go the places you want when you want to go there.

🔸When you are an adult, you have a greater sense of freedom, as you can make your own decisions.

🔸I have my own car now, and it has given me such a sense of freedom.


#Vocabulary
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✨ “Flow and congestion”

♦️'flow and congestion' refer to the movement of traffic.

• When traffic 'flows,' it moves freely and without problems.

• If traffic is 'congested,' it can't move quickly and is stuck in one place.

🔸They need to deal with the flow and congestion of traffic on the busy roads.

🔸Traffic signals help to regulate the flow and congestion of traffic.

#Vocabulary
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📚yellow-bellied

=
If someone is yellow-bellied, they are not brave, or they are cowardly.

For example:

🔺Tony's father called him yellow-bellied when he was a five-year-old boy because he didn't want to ride a horse. Tony has never forgotten it.


#Idiom
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✨ TASTE 🆚 TRY ✨


❌Don’t say: During your visit you’ll be able to taste some of the local dishes.

✅Say: During your visit you’ll be able to try some of the local dishes.

🔹When you taste something, you put a little in your mouth to see what it is like.

✨The chef stirred the soup, tasted it, and then added a little salt.

🔹When you have something to eat or drink for the first time, you try it.

✨I think I’ll try the onion soup! What’s it like?


#Common_mistakes
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🗣How to Pronounce WILL and WOULD when Showing Annoyance and Criticizing People🗣


✨You must put extra stress on 'will' and the short form cannot be used when you want to show that you are annoyed:

🔹He will keep interrupting me when I'm trying to work.

✨'Would' is also stressed in the same case. In other words, both can be stressed when criticizing people's characteristic behavior or habits:

🔹She will leave the lights on in the house when she goes out.

🔹I was happy when Sam left.He would talk behind their backs.

✨When we use stressed would in this way, we can also use it to talk about a particular occasion in the past.

🤔We suggest that what happened was predictable because it was a typical of a person's behavior:

🔹'Jackie says she can't help because she got a lot of work on.' 'Well she would say that - she always uses this excuse.'


#Spoken_English
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🔥🔥 HOT 🔥🔥


⇨ If the weather outside or the temperature inside is very hot, you can use the adjective broiling, scorching, boiling (hot) or sweltering.

🔹She won the race despite the sweltering heat.

🔹a scorching summer day.

⇨ If temperature feels hot and unpleasant, you can say that it is oppressive.

🔹The oppressive afternoon heat was making him feel tired.

⇨ Liquid that is extremely hot can be described as scalding (hot).

🔹She burned herself on scalding water from the kettle.

⇨ If food is pleasantly very hot, you could describe it as piping hot.

🔹She gave us a bowl of piping hot soup.

⇨ If something is not as hot as it should be, it could be described as lukewarm or tepid.

🔹Yuck! This coffee's lukewarm.
🔹a jug of tepid water


#Vocabulary
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⭐️Prepositions with WORK⭐️


📗From Prepositional English Idioms by Frederick T. Wood

🔶Work AT:

1️⃣a place

▪️
work at the Town Hall

2️⃣a task

▪️You can't expect to master a subject if you don't work at it'.
⚠️See also work on.

🔶Work FOR:

1️⃣an employer

2️⃣some kind of reward or remuneration

▪️
work for the pleasure of it
▪️work for ten pounds a week
▪️work for nothing

3️⃣a cause

▪️work for the abolition of slavery

4️⃣the attainment of some aim, purpose or objective

▪️work for promotion
▪️work for one's living

🔶Work IN WITH:

1️⃣cooperate with; work harmoniously with. (Colloquial.)

▪️A difficult task can be made easier if people will work in with one another.

🔶Work ON:

1️⃣Devote or apply one's efforts to

▪️He sat up far into the night working on the documents.

🔺The difference between work on something and work at something is that the former represents the thing in question in an objective relationship to the verb, whereas the latter specifies the nature of work.

2️⃣Produce an effect, or seek to produce an effect on

▪️work on one's feelings
▪️work on one's sympathy

3️⃣Base one's course of action on

▪️The police are working on the assumption robbery was the motive of the crime.

4️⃣Work sustained by

▪️You can't expect a person to work all day on a bun and a glass of milk.

🔶Work TO rule:

A practice often resorted to in industrial disputes, whereby instead of striking, workers continue to work, but only in strict accordance with rules laid down by their trade union, so that production is slowed up and a good deal of inconvenience is caused to the employers. The term is a fairly recent one.

🔶Work WITH:

1️⃣Work in one's company

▪️She gets on very well with the people she works with.

2️⃣Collaborate; work harmoniously together.

▪️He gave up his post as he found it impossible to work with his immediate superior.

3️⃣Work (i.e. be effective) in the case of whoever or whatever is specified.

▪️Flattery may work with some people, but it will not work with me

🔶Make short work OF: dispatch very quickly.

▪️The children made short work of the trifles and jellies.

🔶AT work:

1️⃣At one's place of employment

▪️Is your husband not at work today?
▪️Mr Brown's house was broken into while he and his wife were at work.

2️⃣Engaged in work (of any kind)

▪️She has published two novels, and is at work on a third.

3️⃣Having a particular influence or effect

▪️She suspected that secret influences were at work.
▪️Volcanoes display some of nature's most powerful forces at work.

🔶IN work: employed; having work to do (as opposed to being out of work).

▪️There are ten thousand more people in work this month than last.
(In work also occurs, of course, in those constructions where in is the idiomatic preposition that follows a preceding word or phrase:

▪️take pleasure in work
▪️up to the eyes in work

🔶OFF work: not working (usually owing to illness)

🔶OUT of work: unemployed (in the sense of 'unable to obtain work').

▪️The poor woman must have a hard time of it, for she has three young children, and her husband is out of work.

🔶TO work. Found only in such combination as go to work, set to work (i.e. start working), set someone to work, etc.

⚠️NOTE: Set to work, or set one to work, on a task.


#grammar
#prepositions
@PMPerfect1
*✨*Ƥracтιce Maĸeѕ Ƥerғecт*✨*
⭐️Prepositions with WORK⭐️ 📗From Prepositional English Idioms by Frederick T. Wood 🔶Work AT: 1️⃣a place ▪️work at the Town Hall 2️⃣a task ▪️You can't expect to master a subject if you don't work at it'. ⚠️See also work on. 🔶Work FOR: 1️⃣an employer…
⭐️Prepositions with WORK⭐️


📕From Longman Dictionary📕

🔷
You work IN a city or area:

▪️He works in Lahore.

🔷You work IN a type of place such as a bank, shop, or factory:

▪️She works in a library.

🔷You work AT a particular place or organization:

▪️She works at the Library of Congress.

🔷You work FOR a person, company, or organization that employs you:

▪️He works for his father.
▪️We both work for the same company.

🔷You work IN an industry or a type of job, for example education, advertising, or IT:

▪️He works in advertising.

🔷You work AS a waiter, cashier, accountant etc:

▪️She works as a cook.
✖️Don’t say: She works as cook.

🔷You work ON a project or task:

▪️Several people worked on the report.


#grammar
#prepositions
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⭐️Special use of BUT⭐️

🗣In spoken English, but is used for emphasizing a word or a statement:

▪️It'll be a great party - everyone, but everyone is coming.

▪️They are rich, but I mean rich.


#Spoken_English
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🔶Boost your vocabulary!

🔹Nurture


✨ nur‧ture /ˈnɜːtʃə $ ˈnɜːrtʃər/ #verb [TRANSITIVE USUALLY PASSIVE] formal

1. to help a plan, idea, feeling etc to develop:

2. to feed and take care of a child or a plant while it is growing:

✨ nurture #noun [UNCOUNTABLE] formal

🔹Resilience

re‧sil‧i‧ence /rɪˈzɪliəns/ (also re‧sil‧i‧en‧cy /-ənsi/) #noun [UNCOUNTABLE]

1. the ability to become strong, happy, or successful again after a difficult situation or event ⇨ toughness

🔘resilience of

2. the ability of a substance such as rubber to return to its original shape after it has been pressed or bent

#Vocabulary
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✨To 'have a ball'


= to have an entertaining time


🔹Example:

🔸A: "So how was the party last night?"

🔸B: "Oh, it was great - we had a ball!"


#Phrases
@PMPerfec1
✨Verbs → Informal & Formal✨

🔹say sorry ➖ apologize, apologise
🔹go up ➖ increase
🔹go down ➖ decrease
🔹set up ➖ establish
🔹look at ➖ examine
🔹blow up ➖ explode
🔹find out ➖ discover
🔹bring about ➖ cause
🔹put off ➖ postpone, delay
🔹rack up ➖ accumulate
🔹make up ➖ fabricate
🔹stand for ➖ represent
🔹find out ➖ discover, ascertain
🔹leave out ➖ omit
🔹point out ➖ indicate
🔹go against ➖ oppose
🔹get in touch with ➖ contact
🔹It’s about ➖ It concerns, It’s in regards to
🔹need to ➖ required
🔹think about ➖ consider
🔹get ➖ obtain
🔹put up ➖ tolerate
🔹deal with ➖ handle
🔹seem ➖ appear
🔹show ➖ demonstrate, illustrate, portray
🔹start ➖ commence
🔹keep ➖ retain
🔹free ➖ release
🔹get on someone’s nerves ➖ bother
🔹ring up ➖ call
🔹show up ➖ arrive
🔹let ➖ permit
🔹fill in ➖ substitute, inform
🔹block ➖ undermine
🔹give the go ahead, greenlight ➖ authorize, authorise

#Vocabulary
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