🏰 The Umayyad Dynasty in Andalusia (Spain, Europe)

After the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus — which lasted for 90 years and collapsed in 132 A.H. (750 CE) at the hands of the Abbasids — one of its princes managed to escape the massacre. ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn Muʿawiyah, famously known as ʿAbd al-Rahman al-Dakhil (the “Immigrant Prince”), a grandson of Hisham ibn ʿAbd al-Malik (the 10th Umayyad Caliph), fled from the Abbasids and took refuge in North Africa.

In 138 A.H. (755 CE), he crossed over into al-Andalus (present-day Spain). There, he defeated the local governor, seized Cordoba, and established the Umayyad Emirate in Europe.

📌 It should be noted: the land of Andalusia had already been conquered by Muslims between 91–93 A.H. (710–712 CE). Until 138 A.H., the region was administered by governors appointed by the Caliphs, just like other Islamic provinces. With the rise of the Umayyad Emirate, however, a new independent era began.

⚔️ The Umayyad rule in Andalusia endured for nearly three centuries — from 138 A.H. (755 CE) until 422 A.H. (1031 CE). This dynasty gave Europe one of its longest-standing Muslim governments, known for its architectural, cultural, and intellectual influence.

📚 Reference:
ʿAbd al-Salam Termanini, Events of Islamic History, vol. 2, pp. 37–40 (Persian trans. by ISC).

📌 Correction:
In some reports it is mistakenly said that the Umayyads ruled in Europe for over 700 years. In reality, their dynasty lasted about 300 years, while the overall presence of Muslims in Spain extended for more than 700 years.

👉 For further reading:

Umayyad Caliphate – WikiShia
Banu Umayyah – WikiShia
Andalusia (Spain) – WikiShia

#History #Umayyads #Andalusia #Spain 🏰🌍

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