#Second_Course for LA
@Dentalkd
#Local_Anaesthesia

#prosthodontics: 🦷🦷
#lecture2:
#Anatomical landmarks of prosthetic construction:
#second:
#Intra-oral landmarks of prosthetic
Importance:-

#Maxillary landmarks:🦷

1️⃣Alveolar ridge :
It considered the primary stress bearing area of the upper jaw.

2️⃣Maxillary tuberosity:
It is a bulbous extension of the residual alveolar ridge موقعها #distal to the upper 3rd molar, terminating in the hamular notch.

3️⃣Hamular notch or (pterygo maxillary notch) :
‎موقعها It is located distally to the maxillary tuberosity and the pterygoid hamulus.
‎تستخدم It is used as a land mark for the correct extension of the upper denture .
مهمة في تحديد امتداد الطقم للفك العلوي .

4️⃣Palatine fovea:

5️⃣Vibrating line:
An imaginary line across the posterior part of the palate marking the junction between the movable and static tissues of the #soft palate.
It provides posterior seal in order to obtain peripheral seal.

6️⃣Palatine torus:
If the size of the torus is too big or extended posteriorly to the posterior palatal seal, it should be #surgically removed.
If its size is small , the denture base over this area must be #relieved to prevent a fulcrum effect.
‎إذا كان حجمها كبير يؤثر على ثبات الطقم المتحرك او صناعته يتم إزالتها جراحياً،
‎اما اذا حجمها صغير لا يؤثر على ثبات او صناعة الطقم المتحرك نكتفي
‎بعمليهrelieve
‎للمنطقة بمادة الشمع او غيرها .

7️⃣Median palatine Raphe:
It is lying sagitally in the midline of the hard palate.
If prominent it may have to be #relieved to prevent the upper denture from rocking.

8️⃣Palatine rugae:
These are raised irregular transverse mucosal ridges in the anterior part of the palate

9️⃣Incisive papilla :
Help in positioning the artificial teeth.
تساعد في تحديد موقع الأسنان .

Will be continue..
✍️✍️ by : dr / Nojwd Hussein 🌸


https://t.me/dentalkd

#prosthodontics: 🦷🦷
#lecture3:
#Anatomical landmarks of prosthetic construction:
#second:
#Intra-oral landmarks of prosthetic
Importance:-

#Mandibular landmarks:🦷
1️⃣Alveolar ridge:

2️⃣Buccal shelf area :
موقعها ➡️ This is lies between the crest of the ridge and the external oblique ridge of the mandible,
و تعتبر primary stress bearing support area for a mandibular prosthesis.

3️⃣External oblique ridge:
It is a ridge of dense bone يمتد من extended from above the mental foramen then becomes continuous with the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible.
It is anatomic guide to the lateral termination of the buccal flange of the lower denture .
مهم في تحديد الحواف الجانبية للطقم
المتحرك .

4️⃣Internal oblique ridge or (mylohyoid ridge):
This is bony ridge on the medial surface of the mandible to which the
mylohyoid muscle attached.
Following resorption of the residual ridge, it may present a severe undercut.
في حالة حدوث امتصاص كبير للعظم من الممكن ان يظهر ك undercut area ..

5️⃣Retromolar pad:
It is a pear shaped area موقعها
on each side of the distal end of the mandibular ridge,
It offers support and prevent posterior displacement of the denture.
مهمه في دعم الطقم ومنع النزوح الخلفي للطقم .

6️⃣Mental foramin:
موقعها It is located on the buccal surface of the body of the mandible between the 1st &2nd premolar.
In extensive ridge resorption , it may occupy the crest of the ridge. therefore relief should be provided or occasionally surgery is necessary.
في حالة حدوث امتصاص كبير للعظم حتى منطقة mental foramin
يجب عمل ➡️
relief للمنطقة
ًاو التدخل جراحياً ،تجنبا
لحدوث ضغط على mental nerve بواسطة الطقم ..

7️⃣Torus mandibularis:
it is bony projections sometimes موقعها ➡️found on the inner surface of the mandible in the premolar area.
It is covered by thin mucosa therefore should be relieved اذا كان حجمها صغير لا يسبب عائق في ثبات الطقم in the lower denture or surgically removed .
اذا كان حجمها كبير يسبب عائق في ثبات الطقم

8️⃣Genial tubercles:
These are two small projections on the inner surfaces of the mandible one on each side of the symphesis, for the attachment of the genoglossus & genohyoid muscles.
Normally they are not palpated but in severe ridge resorption may be located on the crest of the ridge.
So➡️
In such cases, relief of the lower denture must be made.

9️⃣Pterygomandibular raphe:
It is a strong narrow ligamentous band which extends from pterygoid hamulus to the apex of the retromolar pad.
It forms the attachment of the superior constrictor to the buccinator muscle .

Will be continue...
By ✍️✍️
Dr:Nojwd Hussein

https://t.me/dentalkd

#prosthodontics: 🦷🦷
#lecture4:
#Anatomical landmarks of prosthetic construction:

#Anatomy of the edentulous arch :
Anatomically the edentulous arch #divided in to : ⬇️
1️⃣Primary stress -bearing areas .
2️⃣Secondary stress -bearing areas.
3️⃣Relief areas.
4️⃣border seal areas , و #تنقسم الى
A/ Resistant border areas
B/ Non resistant border areas.

#First :
1️⃣Primary stress -bearing areas :
#تعريفها :⬅️
Are those areas which are best suited to #resist_vertical forces of occlusion.
مقاومة القوة العمودية ل occlusion
Histological : is a base of #cortical bone protected by firmly attached tissue .
⏬⏬
A/Primary stress -bearing area of the maxillary arch :
1/crest of residual ridge .
2/ flat areas of palate .

B/Primary stress -bearing area of the mandibular arch :

The buccal shelf.

#Second :
2/Secondary stress -bearing areas:

#تعريفها :⬅️
Are those areas which resist #lateral forces of occlusion and can be و تساعد ايضاً in the resistance to vertical forces of occlusion.
مقاومة القوة الجانبية ل occlusion.

A/Secondary stress -bearing area of the maxillary arch :

1/ lateral slopes of the palate .
2/Rugae
3/labial and buccal surfaces of the ridge .

B/ Secondary stress -bearing area of the mandibular arch :
1/ anterior ridge
2/ all the ridge slopes .

Will be continue...
✍️✍️Dr: Nojwd Hussein

https://t.me/dentalkd