Prolonged physical activity, especially game-based, significantly enhances executive functions in preschool children, with the most pronounced benefits seen in interventions lasting over twelve weeks.

A child’s first two years of life are crucial for developing cognitive skills, particularly executive functions that help adjust thoughts, actions, and behaviours for everyday life.

Despite miniature brains, insects exhibit flexible, adaptive, and goal-directed responses. Behaviors indicating rule abstraction and complex decision-making ...