ุดุจุงุจ
ุงูุนูุงุฌูุงุช
ุงุฐุง ู ู ุชุญููู ุดุงู ู ุงู ู ุฏ ูุนุฏูู ุงูุงุณุฆูุฉ ุฏุฒููู ุงูู ุนุงูุจูุช ุญุชู ูุณุชูุงุฏ ู ููู
@AronX2bot
ุงูุนูุงุฌูุงุช
ุงุฐุง ู ู ุชุญููู ุดุงู ู ุงู ู ุฏ ูุนุฏูู ุงูุงุณุฆูุฉ ุฏุฒููู ุงูู ุนุงูุจูุช ุญุชู ูุณุชูุงุฏ ู ููู
@AronX2bot
โค9
Adrenal Insufficiency
ู ูุฎุต ุงูุนูุงุฌุงุช
ูุงู ุงูู ุงูููุงุท 4, 5, 6 ุงูู ุชุชููู ุนู ุญุงูุฉ ุงู adrenal crisis ุงู Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
#adrenal_disorders
ู ูุฎุต ุงูุนูุงุฌุงุช
ูุงู ุงูู ุงูููุงุท 4, 5, 6 ุงูู ุชุชููู ุนู ุญุงูุฉ ุงู adrenal crisis ุงู Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
#adrenal_disorders
โค3๐3
A 28-year-old woman with known Addison's disease presents to the ED with severe vomiting, abdominal pain, and confusion.
BP is 78/45 mmHg despite 2L NS bolus.
Labs show Na+ 126 mEq/L, K+ 6.2 mEq/L, glucose 58 mg/dL.
What is the most appropriate immediate treatment?
BP is 78/45 mmHg despite 2L NS bolus.
Labs show Na+ 126 mEq/L, K+ 6.2 mEq/L, glucose 58 mg/dL.
What is the most appropriate immediate treatment?
โค2
ู
ูุฎุต ุงุณุจุงุจ ุงูู hyperthyroidism
ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ูุฏูุงุก ุงูู amiodarone ููู ู ู ูู ูุณุจุจ hyperthyroidism ุจุณุจุจ ู ุญุชูุงู ุงูุนุงูู ู ู ุงู iodine ู ู ูู ุชู ุชุตู ุงู TG
ูู ู ูู ูุฐุง ุงูุงููุฏูู ูุฏู ุฑ ุงู TG ููุตูุฑ overt hypothyroidism
ุงู ูุตูุฑ ุชุฃุซูุฑ ุงู WolffโChaikoff effect ููุตูุฑ ุชุซุจูุท ููุบุฏุฉ ุจุดูู ู ุคูุช ูู ู ูู ูุณุชู ุฑ ุงูุชุซุจูุท ููุตูุฑ subclinical hypothyroidism
#thyroid_disorders
ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ูุฏูุงุก ุงูู amiodarone ููู ู ู ูู ูุณุจุจ hyperthyroidism ุจุณุจุจ ู ุญุชูุงู ุงูุนุงูู ู ู ุงู iodine ู ู ูู ุชู ุชุตู ุงู TG
ูู ู ูู ูุฐุง ุงูุงููุฏูู ูุฏู ุฑ ุงู TG ููุตูุฑ overt hypothyroidism
ุงู ูุตูุฑ ุชุฃุซูุฑ ุงู WolffโChaikoff effect ููุตูุฑ ุชุซุจูุท ููุบุฏุฉ ุจุดูู ู ุคูุช ูู ู ูู ูุณุชู ุฑ ุงูุชุซุจูุท ููุตูุฑ subclinical hypothyroidism
#thyroid_disorders
โค17
Cases of Hyperthyroidism
โญ Thionamide
๏ปฟโญ Iodide
โญ ฮฒ-Blockers
โญ RAI
โญThyroid storm
๏ปฟ
#thyroid_disorders
๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ
โญ Thionamide
1. Pt was diagnosed Hyperthyroidism given methimazole or PTU ,
symptoms improved initially, but now she has relapsed hyperthyroidism
ุงูุจุฏูู ุงูู ูุถูุ
preferred Use of radioactive iodine
2. patient (children or older pt) is diagnosed with Hyperthyroidism
The doctor is deciding between methimazole and PTU as initial therapy
ูุฎุชุงุฑ methimazole ูู ุงูุฎุท ุงูุงูู ุงุฐุง ุงูู ุฑูุถ ุทูู ุงู ูุจูุฑ ุจุงูุนู ุฑ ูุงู ptu ูุณุจุจ hepatotoxicity
3. pregnant women has Hyperthyroidism
ุจุนุฏูุง ุจุงูุซูุซ ุงูุงูู ุงูู ุซูุงุซุฉ ุงุดูุฑ ู ู ุงูุญู ู ุงู ุงูู ูกูข ุงุณุจูุน ุงูุนูุงุฌ ุงูู ูุถู ูุฎุชุงุฑ PTU
ุซูุซ ุซุงูู ุงู ุซุงูุซ ูุฎุชุงุฑ methimazole
4.patient on methimazole develops severe rash and arthralgia (hypersensitivity)
ูุจุฏู ูู PTU
5. patient presents with: Fever, Tachycardia, Agitation, Severe thyrotoxicosis
ูุนูู ูุนุงูู ู ู ุงูุนุงุตูุฉ Thyroid storm
ูุฎุชุงุฑ PTU ุนูู ุญุณุงุจ ุงู methimazole
๏ปฟโญ Iodide
6. A patient with Gravesโ disease is scheduled for thyroidectomy in 10 days.
what drug is given before surgery?
ุงูู ูุถู ูุชุญุถูุฑ ุงูู ุฑูุถ ููุนู ููุฉ ุงูุฌุฑุงุญูุฉ ูู
iodide (SSKI or Lugol solution)
7. A patient receives radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for Gravesโ disease
ุดูู ุงูุนูุงุฌ ุงูู ุณุงุนุฏ ุงูู ู ู ูู ุงุถููู ุจุนุฏ ุงุนุทุงุก ุงู RAIุ
ุงูุฌูุงุจ iodide (SSKI or Lugol solution) ุงู ฮฒ-Blockers
8. woman is diagnosed with toxic multinodular goiter presenting with symptoms of hyperthyroidism
ุงุฐุง ุณุฃู ุนู ุนูุงุฌ ู ู ููุน ุงูุทูู ุจูุงู ุงูุญุงูุฉุ
ุงูุฌูุงุจ iodide (SSKI or Lugol solution) ู ู ูููููููุน
๏ปฟ
โญ ฮฒ-Blockers
9. patient with Gravesโ disease or toxic nodules, in preparation for surgery, or in thyroid storm
ู ุฑูุถ ุนูุฏู ูุญุฏุฉ ู ู ูุงู ุงูุญุงูุงุช ูู ุงุฎุฐ ูุงุญุฏ ู ู ูุงู ุงูุนูุงุฌุงุช
antithyroid drugs, RAI, or iodides
ููู ุจุงููุฉ ุนูุฏู ูุงู ุงูุงุนุฑุงุถ
palpitations, anxiety, tremor, and heat
intolerance
ุดูู ุงูุนูุงุฌ ุงูู ุณุงุนุฏ adjunctive therapy ุงูู ู ู ูู ุงุถููู ู ุน ุงูุงุฏููุฉ ุงูุณุงุจูุฉ ุ
ฮฒ-Blockers (Propranolol and nadolol)
ูููุท ุจุญุงูุฉ ูุญุฏุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู ู ูุนูุงุฌ ุงุณุงุณู ู ู ู ุณุงุนุฏ primary therapy
ุงุฐุง ุฌุงู ุณุจุจ thyrotoxicosis ูู thyroiditis
ูู ู ูู ูุฎูุฑูู ุจุงูุญุงูุฉ ุงูู ุงุณุชุฎุฏู ุจููุง ุงู ฮฒ-Blockers ูุนูุงุฌ ุงุณุงุณู
โญ RAI
10. RAI is the agent of choice for:๏ปฟ
Gravesโ disease
toxic autonomous nodules
toxic multinodular goiters
ู ู ููุน ูู Pregnancy
11. A 72-year-old man with Gravesโ disease and ischemic heart disease is planned for radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy.
The physician considers whether to give any medication before RAI.
ูู ุงุฌู ููุณ
ู ุฑูุถ ูุนุงูู ู ู hyperthyroidism ุงู Gravesโ disease
ูุนูุฏู ู ุดุงูู ุจุงูููุจ ูุงูุทุจูุจ ูุฑูุฏ ููุทูู ุนูุงุฌ ูู RAI
ู ุง ูุตูุฑ ููุทูู ู ุจุงุดุฑ
ูุงู ุจุงูุจุฏุงูุฉ ุชุฑุชูุน ูุฑู ููุงุช ุงูุบุฏุฉ ุงูุฏุฑููุฉ ุงูุซุฑ ููุฒุฏุงุฏ ุงูุถุบุท ุนุงูููุจ
ู ุดูู ูุงุฒู ูุณูู ูุจู ูุง ููุทู RAIุ
ููุทู antithyroid ุงูู ูู thionamide ู ุซูุง methimazole
โญThyroid storm
12. A 55-year-old patient is admitted to the ICU with thyroid storm
HR 170 bpm, Fever 40ยฐC, Agitation and confusion
ูุงูู ุฑูุถ ุนูุฏู Possible heart failure signs
ุงู ุนูุฏู asthma
ูุงุฑูุฏ ุงูุทูู ุฏูุงุก ู ู ุงุฏููุฉ ฮฒ-blockerุ
ู ุง ุงุฑูุญ ูู propranolole ูุฐุง non selective ู ุง ูููุฏูู
ุงูุฌูุงุจ
esmolol
ูุงูู selective ูุขู ู ุจุญุงูุงุช
cardiac instability
pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma)
risk of decompensation
๏ปฟ
#thyroid_disorders
๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ
โค9๐ฏ3
๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ
1. Anti inflammatory
2. Anti inflammatory
Explainโท Exam โ
3. DMARD and GOUT
2. Anti inflammatory
Explainโท Exam โ
3. DMARD and GOUT
ู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
ููุงู ูุณุฃูููู ุนู ุชูู ูุฉ
Anti inflammatory
ุงูู ูฃ ููุงุฆู ูู ุฌุงุจุชุฑ ุงูู
anti inflammatory
ูุนูู ุงูุดุฑุญ ูุงู ู ู ู ุจุณ NSAIDs
ููุงู ูุณุฃูููู ุนู ุชูู ูุฉ
Anti inflammatory
ุงูู ูฃ ููุงุฆู ูู ุฌุงุจุชุฑ ุงูู
anti inflammatory
ูุนูู ุงูุดุฑุญ ูุงู ู ู ู ุจุณ NSAIDs
โค2๐ค2
Cases of Hypothyroidism
โญ Levothyroxine
โญ ุงูุงุฏููุฉ ุงูู ุชุชุฏุงุฎู ู ุน ุงู ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนูู ุงู ุชุตุงุต ุงูู Levothyroxine
ู ูู ุฉ ูู ู ูู ุชุฌู ุจููุง ููุณุงุช ู ุซูุง
#thyroid_disorders
๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ
โญ Levothyroxine
1. A 68-year-old patient is diagnosed with hypothyroidism, He has no history of cardiac disease
What is the appropriate initial dose of levothyroxine?
ู ุฑูุถ hypothyroidism ู ู ุง ุนูุฏู ู ุดุงูู ุจุงูููุจ
ุดูู ุงูุฌุฑุนุฉ ุงูู ูุงุณุจุฉ ุงูู ู ู levothyroxine ุ
ุงูุฌูุงุจ : ูุจุฏู ุจ
levothyroxine 50 mcg daily
ูุจุนุฏ ุดูุฑ ู ู ูู ูุฒูุฏ ุงูุฌุฑุนุฉ
2. A 72-year-old woman with hypothyroidism and a history of ischemic heart disease.
What is the safest initial dose of levothyroxine?
ุงู ุง ุงุฐุง ุงูู ุฑูุถ ุนูุฏู ู ุดุงูู ุจุงูููุจ ูุดูู ุงูุฌุฑุนุฉ ุงูู ูุงุณุจุฉ ุงููุ
ุงูุฌูุงุจ : ูุจุฏู ุจ
levothyroxine 25 mcg daily
ูุดูุฑูุง ู ู ูู ูุฒูุฏ ุงูุฌุฑุนุฉ ุจูุณุจุฉ
25 mcg
3. A 30-year-old pregnant woman is diagnosed with hypothyroidism.
What is the drug of choice?
levothyroxine
โญ ุงูุงุฏููุฉ ุงูู ุชุชุฏุงุฎู ู ุน ุงู ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนูู ุงู ุชุตุงุต ุงูู Levothyroxine
ู ูู ุฉ ูู ู ูู ุชุฌู ุจููุง ููุณุงุช ู ุซูุง
4. A 60-year-old man with hypothyroidism has been taking levothyroxine for several months.
He is compliant and takes his medication correctly on an empty stomach.
He recently started a new medication for a cardiac arrhythmia.
Recent labs show:
TSH: slightly elevated
Free T4: normal
Free T3: low
What is the most likely cause of his abnormal thyroid function tests?
ู ุฑูุถ ุนูุฏู hypothyroidism ูุฌุงู ูุงุฎุฐ levothyroxine ูู ูุชุฒู ุจุงูุฌุฑุนุฉ ููุงุฎุฐู ุนูู ู ุนุฏุฉ ูุงุฑุบุฉ
ู ู ุณูู ุชุญููู ุงููุถุน ููุนุง ู ุง ุทุจูุนู ุจุณ T3 ูููู
ู ู ู ุณุฃููุงู ุดูู ุฌุงู ุชุงุฎุฐ ููุงู ุนูุงุฌุงุช ูุงู ุงุฎุฐ ุนูุงุฌ ููุธู ุถุฑุจุงุช ุงูููุจ !!!
ู ุดูู ุงูุฏูุงุก ุงูู ู ู ูู ูุฃุซุฑ ุนูู ุชุญููู T4 ุงูู T3 ููู ู ู ุงูุงุฏููุฉ ุงูู ุณุชุฎุฏู ุฉ ูุนูุงุฌ ุงูู arrhythmia
ุงูุฌูุงุจ
Amiodarone inhibiting T4 to T3 conversion
#thyroid_disorders
๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ก ๐ฆ๐ง๐จ๐๐ฌ
โค10
Which of the following is a known risk factor for
developing Hodgkin's lymphoma?
developing Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Anonymous Quiz
4%
a.Regular exposure to U.V. radiation
1%
b.Chronic exposure to lead
66%
c.Chronic infection with the Epstein
29%
d.all of the above
๐ค3โค2๐ฏ2
Which of the following genetic mutations is associated with an increased risk of developing Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Anonymous Quiz
9%
a.TP53 mutation
82%
b.NF-ฮบB mutation
7%
c. BCL6 mutation
2%
d.None of the above
โค6๐ค4
Which of the following imaging studies is most commonly used to stage Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Anonymous Quiz
32%
a.Computed tomography (C.T.) scan
17%
b.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan
42%
c.Positron emission tomography
9%
d. X-ray
๐ข5๐3๐ค2
Which of the following factors is NOT taken into consideration when staging Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
a.The location of the affected lymph nodes
23%
b.The size of the affected lymph nodes
23%
c.The presence of B symptoms
46%
d.The patientโs age
๐ค4โค3๐ข2
Which of the following stages of Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterized by the involvement of lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm?
Anonymous Quiz
0%
a.Stage I
17%
b.Stage II
79%
c.Stage III
4%
d.Stage IV
โค6๐ค4
A patient comes to your office complaining of fatigue, night sweats, fever, and shortness of breath.
Upon physical examination, you notice enlarged lymph nodes, so you ask for a biopsy, flow cytometry C.T. scan, and some blood tests. Biopsy reveals cells with a shape that resembles an owlโs eyes. The CT scan reveals 3 affected lymph nodes in the thoracic and cervical regions.
What is the best therapy combination for this patient?
Upon physical examination, you notice enlarged lymph nodes, so you ask for a biopsy, flow cytometry C.T. scan, and some blood tests. Biopsy reveals cells with a shape that resembles an owlโs eyes. The CT scan reveals 3 affected lymph nodes in the thoracic and cervical regions.
What is the best therapy combination for this patient?
โค2
โค2๐1
A patient exhibiting B symptoms was diagnosed with classical Hodgkinโs lymphoma, with the following involved organs: three lymph nodes above the diaphragm and the spleen.
What is the staging?
What is the staging?
Anonymous Quiz
30%
a)Stage IIB
24%
b)Stage IIBX
32%
c)Stage IVB
13%
d)Stage IVBX
A patient diagnosed with Hodgkinโs lymphoma has one enlarged mediastinal lymph node measuring 11 cm x 8.5 cm x 9 cm. She has no B symptoms
What is the staging?
What is the staging?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
A)Stage IBX
13%
B)Stage IB
57%
C)Stage IAX
21%
D)Stage IA
A patient is receiving the escalated BEACOPP regimen. Based on the text, what is the
primary reason for the mandatory addition of Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-
CSF, e.g., filgrastim) starting on day 8?
primary reason for the mandatory addition of Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-
CSF, e.g., filgrastim) starting on day 8?
Anonymous Quiz
2%
a) To prevent nausea and vomiting caused by the high-dose chemotherapy.
5%
b) To counteract the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin.
85%
c) To stimulate the production of neutrophils and reduce the risk of febrile neutropenia
5%
d) To enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agents.
4%
e) To prevent pulmonary toxicity associated with bleomycin.
โค5
A 60-year-old patient with relapsed Hodgkin's Lymphoma is being considered for salvage therapy.
Which of the following drugs listed in the provided text is a monoclonal antibody-drug conjugate that targets CD30 and is used in the A-AVD regimen?
Which of the following drugs listed in the provided text is a monoclonal antibody-drug conjugate that targets CD30 and is used in the A-AVD regimen?
Anonymous Quiz
3%
a) Mechlorethamine
3%
b) Etoposide
77%
c) Brentuximab vedotin
15%
d) Rituximab
2%
e) Lenograstim
โค4
A patient is to receive the Stanford V regimen.
According to the schedule, on which weeks will the patient receive mechlorethamine, and what is a critical counseling point regarding the prednisone in this regimen?
According to the schedule, on which weeks will the patient receive mechlorethamine, and what is a critical counseling point regarding the prednisone in this regimen?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
a) Weeks 1, 3, and 5; prednisone is given as a one-time dose at week 1 only.
67%
b) Weeks 1, 5, and 9; prednisone is taken every other day and must be tapered starting at week10
3%
c) Weeks 2, 4, and 6; prednisone is given intravenously.
15%
d) Weeks 1 through 12; prednisone is taken continuously and stopped abruptly at week 12.
6%
e) Weeks 3, 7, and 11; prednisone dose is escalated each week.
โค3
A patient is to receive the MOPP regimen.
The order is written to be repeated every 21 days. According to the table, on which days would the patient receive the oral medications?
The order is written to be repeated every 21 days. According to the table, on which days would the patient receive the oral medications?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
a) Mechlorethamine (oral) on days 1 and 8.
3%
b) Vinblastine (oral) on days 1 through 14.
84%
c) Procarbazine and Prednisone orally on days 1 through 14.
3%
d) Dacarbazine (oral) on days 1 and 15.
5%
e) All drugs are given intravenously in the MOPP regimen.
โค4