#Environment_Basics #PT2020
National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)
- Under Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
- Launched in 2011 by ICAR
Three major objectives
1. strategic research, technology demonstrations and capacity building
2. Its aims to make farmers self-reliant by use of climate resilient agricultural technologies
3. management of natural and manmade resources for sustaining agriculture in the era of climate change.
National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)
- Under Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
- Launched in 2011 by ICAR
Three major objectives
1. strategic research, technology demonstrations and capacity building
2. Its aims to make farmers self-reliant by use of climate resilient agricultural technologies
3. management of natural and manmade resources for sustaining agriculture in the era of climate change.
#Environment_Basics #PT2020
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) - 1973
- It is aimed at the prevention of marine pollution from ships caused by operational or accidental causes
- It lists various forms of marine pollution caused by oil, noxious liquid substances, harmful substances in packaged form, sewage and garbage from ships, etc.
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) - 1973
- It is aimed at the prevention of marine pollution from ships caused by operational or accidental causes
- It lists various forms of marine pollution caused by oil, noxious liquid substances, harmful substances in packaged form, sewage and garbage from ships, etc.
#Environment_Basics #PT2020
CITES- Convention
- It stands for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
- It is as an international agreement aimed at ensuring “that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival”.
- It was drafted at a meeting of the members of the IUCN in 1963.
- The Convention is legally binding on the Parties.
- India is a signatory to and has also ratified CITES convention in 1976.
CITES- Convention
- It stands for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
- It is as an international agreement aimed at ensuring “that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival”.
- It was drafted at a meeting of the members of the IUCN in 1963.
- The Convention is legally binding on the Parties.
- India is a signatory to and has also ratified CITES convention in 1976.
#Environment_Basics #PT2020
Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund
- It is a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) designed to maximise the private finance leveraged through public fund.
- It is Funded by the European Commission and managed by the European Investment Bank.
- It was proposed in 2006
-It Invests in private equity funds that specialize in financing small and medium-sized projects implementing energy efficiency and renewable energy projects in developing countries and economies in transition.
Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund
- It is a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) designed to maximise the private finance leveraged through public fund.
- It is Funded by the European Commission and managed by the European Investment Bank.
- It was proposed in 2006
-It Invests in private equity funds that specialize in financing small and medium-sized projects implementing energy efficiency and renewable energy projects in developing countries and economies in transition.
#2MinRead #Environment_Basics #PT2020
Indian Gaur(Indian bison)
- It is native to South and Southeast Asia.
- largest in the family of wild cattle and is a grazing animal
- Protected under the Wild Life Protection Act, 1972, Schedule I
- IUCN status - Vulnerable
- Habitat - evergreen forests / semi-evergreen/moist deciduous forests
- Found mainly in Western Ghats and surroundings in southern India , in particular in the Wayanad – Nagarhole – Mudumalai – Bandipur complex.
Indian Gaur(Indian bison)
- It is native to South and Southeast Asia.
- largest in the family of wild cattle and is a grazing animal
- Protected under the Wild Life Protection Act, 1972, Schedule I
- IUCN status - Vulnerable
- Habitat - evergreen forests / semi-evergreen/moist deciduous forests
- Found mainly in Western Ghats and surroundings in southern India , in particular in the Wayanad – Nagarhole – Mudumalai – Bandipur complex.
#Environment_Basics #PT2020
Montreux Record
- It is a register of wetland sites on the List of Wetlands of International Importance where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur as a result of technological developments, pollution or other humans interference.
- It is maintained as part of the Ramsar List.
Montreux Record
- It is a register of wetland sites on the List of Wetlands of International Importance where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur as a result of technological developments, pollution or other humans interference.
- It is maintained as part of the Ramsar List.
#Environment_Basics #PT2020 #Facts_Prelims
Ramsar sites (Wetlands) in India
1 Kolleru Lake ,Andhra Pradesh
2 Deepor Beel, Assam
3 Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary, Gujarat
4 Chandertal Wetland, Himachal Pradesh
5 Pong Dam Lake, Himachal Pradesh
6 Renuka Wetland, Himachal Pradesh
7 Hokera Wetland, Jammu & Kashmir
8 Surinsar-Mansar Lakes, Jammu & Kashmir
9 Tsomoriri, Jammu & Kashmir
10 Wular Lake, Jammu & Kashmir
11Ashtamudi Wetland, Kerala
12 Sasthamkotta Lake, Kerala
13 Vembanad-Kol Wetland, Kerala
14 Bhoj Wetland, Madhya Pradesh
15 Nandur Madhameshwar, Maharashtra
16 Loktak Lake, Manipur
17 Bhitarkanika Mangroves, Orissa
18 Chilika Lake, Orissa
19 Harike Lake, Punjab
20 Kanjli, Punjab
21 Ropar, Punjab
22 Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve, Punjab
23 Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary, Punjab
24 Beas Conservation Reserve, Punjab
25. SambharLake, Rajasthan
26. Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan
27. Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu
28. Rudrasagar Lake, Tripura
29. Upper Ganga River, Uttar Pradesh
30. Saman Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh
31. Samaspur Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh
32. Sandi Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh
33 Sarsai Nawar Jheel, Uttar Pradesh
34. Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh
35. Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh
36. East Calcutta Wetlands, West Bengal
37. Sundarban Wetland West Bengal
@Digicate
Ramsar sites (Wetlands) in India
1 Kolleru Lake ,Andhra Pradesh
2 Deepor Beel, Assam
3 Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary, Gujarat
4 Chandertal Wetland, Himachal Pradesh
5 Pong Dam Lake, Himachal Pradesh
6 Renuka Wetland, Himachal Pradesh
7 Hokera Wetland, Jammu & Kashmir
8 Surinsar-Mansar Lakes, Jammu & Kashmir
9 Tsomoriri, Jammu & Kashmir
10 Wular Lake, Jammu & Kashmir
11Ashtamudi Wetland, Kerala
12 Sasthamkotta Lake, Kerala
13 Vembanad-Kol Wetland, Kerala
14 Bhoj Wetland, Madhya Pradesh
15 Nandur Madhameshwar, Maharashtra
16 Loktak Lake, Manipur
17 Bhitarkanika Mangroves, Orissa
18 Chilika Lake, Orissa
19 Harike Lake, Punjab
20 Kanjli, Punjab
21 Ropar, Punjab
22 Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve, Punjab
23 Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary, Punjab
24 Beas Conservation Reserve, Punjab
25. SambharLake, Rajasthan
26. Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan
27. Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu
28. Rudrasagar Lake, Tripura
29. Upper Ganga River, Uttar Pradesh
30. Saman Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh
31. Samaspur Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh
32. Sandi Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh
33 Sarsai Nawar Jheel, Uttar Pradesh
34. Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh
35. Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh
36. East Calcutta Wetlands, West Bengal
37. Sundarban Wetland West Bengal
@Digicate
#Environment_Basics #PT2020 #2MinRead
Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB)
- It is an intergovernmental scientific programme, launched in 1971 by UNESCO.
- aims to establish a scientific basis for the improvement of relationships between people and their environments.
- It maintains the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR), a dynamic and interactive network of sites.
- It works to foster the harmonious integration of people and nature for sustainable development through,
1. participatory dialogue and knowledge sharing,
2. poverty reduction,
3. human well-being
4. respect for cultural values and
5. by improving society's ability to cope with climate change.
Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB)
- It is an intergovernmental scientific programme, launched in 1971 by UNESCO.
- aims to establish a scientific basis for the improvement of relationships between people and their environments.
- It maintains the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR), a dynamic and interactive network of sites.
- It works to foster the harmonious integration of people and nature for sustainable development through,
1. participatory dialogue and knowledge sharing,
2. poverty reduction,
3. human well-being
4. respect for cultural values and
5. by improving society's ability to cope with climate change.
#Environment_Basics #PT2020 #Facts_Prelims
Biosphere Reserves in India
- 11 of the 18 biosphere reserves in India are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
List of Eleven
( Name - State - Year of Declaration)
1.Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka- 2000)
2. Gulf of Mannar (Tamil Nadu - 2001)
3. Sundarbans (West Bengal - 2001)
4. Nanda Devi (Uttarakhand - 2004)
5. Nokrek (Meghalaya - 2009)
6. Pachmarhi (Madhya Pradesh-2009)
7. Simlipal (Odisha-2009)
8. Great Nicobar (Andaman & Nicobar Islands-2013)
9. Achanakmar-Amarkantak
(Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh 2012)
10. Agasthyamalai (Kerala and Tamil Nadu-2016)
11. Khangchendzonga (Sikkim - 2018)
@Digicate
Biosphere Reserves in India
- 11 of the 18 biosphere reserves in India are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
List of Eleven
( Name - State - Year of Declaration)
1.Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka- 2000)
2. Gulf of Mannar (Tamil Nadu - 2001)
3. Sundarbans (West Bengal - 2001)
4. Nanda Devi (Uttarakhand - 2004)
5. Nokrek (Meghalaya - 2009)
6. Pachmarhi (Madhya Pradesh-2009)
7. Simlipal (Odisha-2009)
8. Great Nicobar (Andaman & Nicobar Islands-2013)
9. Achanakmar-Amarkantak
(Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh 2012)
10. Agasthyamalai (Kerala and Tamil Nadu-2016)
11. Khangchendzonga (Sikkim - 2018)
@Digicate
#Environment_Basics #PT2020 #Facts_Prelims
Remaining List of 7 Biosphere Reserves (Not being on WNBR)
(Name - State )
1. Manas (Assam)
2. Dihang-Dibang (Arunachal Pradesh)
3. Dibru-Saikhowa ( Assam)
4. Cold Desert (Himachal Pradesh )
5. Seshachalam Hills (Andhra Pradesh)
6. Great Rann of Kutch ( Gujrat)
7. Panna (Madhya Pradesh )
@Digicate
Remaining List of 7 Biosphere Reserves (Not being on WNBR)
(Name - State )
1. Manas (Assam)
2. Dihang-Dibang (Arunachal Pradesh)
3. Dibru-Saikhowa ( Assam)
4. Cold Desert (Himachal Pradesh )
5. Seshachalam Hills (Andhra Pradesh)
6. Great Rann of Kutch ( Gujrat)
7. Panna (Madhya Pradesh )
@Digicate
#Environment_Basics #2MinRead #PT2020
Red panda
- called as red cat bear
- It is a small arboreal mammal
- Found in India, Nepal, Bhutan, northern Myanmar and southern China.
- Habitat - mixed deciduous and coniferous forests with dense bamboo (2,200-4,800m height mountains)
- India - found in Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Darjeeling district of West Bengal.
- IUCN Red List Status - Endangered
- It is Protected under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
Red panda
- called as red cat bear
- It is a small arboreal mammal
- Found in India, Nepal, Bhutan, northern Myanmar and southern China.
- Habitat - mixed deciduous and coniferous forests with dense bamboo (2,200-4,800m height mountains)
- India - found in Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Darjeeling district of West Bengal.
- IUCN Red List Status - Endangered
- It is Protected under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
#Environment_Basics #PT2020 #2MinRead
Lion-tailed Macaque
- Also called as wanderoo
- endemic to the Rainforests of the Western Ghats
- Found in 3-States - Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala.
- Population about 3,500 individuals, fragmented into 49 sub-populations.
- IUCN Red List Status - Endangered
- They only eat fruit and insects.
- They have a unimale-multifemale social system.
Threats - Illegal hunting, accidents due to electrocution and run over by vehicles
@Digicate
Lion-tailed Macaque
- Also called as wanderoo
- endemic to the Rainforests of the Western Ghats
- Found in 3-States - Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala.
- Population about 3,500 individuals, fragmented into 49 sub-populations.
- IUCN Red List Status - Endangered
- They only eat fruit and insects.
- They have a unimale-multifemale social system.
Threats - Illegal hunting, accidents due to electrocution and run over by vehicles
@Digicate
#Environment_Basics #PT2020 #Facts_Prelims
Climate Funds and Initiatives- Part 1
World Bank
1. Clean Technology Fund
2. Green Climate Fund
3. Forest Carbon Partnership facility
4. BioCarbon Fund
5. Climate Investment Fund
6. Strategic Climate Fund
7. Partnership for Market Readiness
8. Carbon Partnership facility
Climate Funds and Initiatives- Part 1
World Bank
1. Clean Technology Fund
2. Green Climate Fund
3. Forest Carbon Partnership facility
4. BioCarbon Fund
5. Climate Investment Fund
6. Strategic Climate Fund
7. Partnership for Market Readiness
8. Carbon Partnership facility