Embedded Systems
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News, articles, guides, analytics, projects and startups from the embedded industry.

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◽️ machine learning
◽️ internet of things
◽️ embedded software
◽️ advanced electronics
◽️ new engineering ideas

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💻 Elk: a tiny JS engine for embedded systems

Elk is a tiny embeddable JavaScript engine that implements a small but usable subset of ES6. It is designed for microcontroller development.

Instead of writing firmware code in C/C++, Elk allows to develop in JavaScript. Another use case is providing customers with a secure, protected scripting environment for product customisation.

Elk features include:
▫️ Cross platform. Works anywhere from 8-bit microcontrollers to 64-bit servers
▫️ Zero dependencies. Builds cleanly by ISO C or ISO C++ compilers
▫️ Easy to embed: just copy elk.c and elk.h to your source tree
▫️ Very small and simple embedding API
▫️ Can call native C/C++ functions from JavaScript and vice versa
▫️ Does not use malloc. Operates with a given memory buffer only
▫️ Small footprint: about 20KB on flash/disk, about 100 bytes RAM for core VM
▫️ No bytecode. Interprets JS code directly

More information...

#programming #javascript
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🎚 Seeed XIAO RP2040 Review

The XIAO RP2040 is powered by the RP2040, Raspberry Pi’s own silicon released in January 2021. XIAO RP2040 has the same RAM and storage specifications as the Raspberry Pi Pico, so what makes it different from the Pico is its size. It is noticeably smaller than a Pico.

Four of the pins (A0 to A3) are analog inputs which can be used with analog electronics such as potentiometers. The other GPIO pins also pull extra duties as UART, SPI and I2C, enabling us to connect electronics using these protocols. The pin selection has been carefully curated to ensure that we have everything that we need for most projects.

Specifications:
▫️ CPU: Dual-core ARM Cortex M0+ processor up to 133MHz
▫️ Flash Memory: 2MB
▫️ SRAM: 264KB
▫️ Power: 5V via USB-C

More information...

#boards
💻 ESP32 with Firebase – Creating a Web App

This guide will teach you how to create a simple Firebase Web App to control and monitor your ESP32 board. The Web App you’ll create can be accessed worldwide to control and monitor your ESP32 from anywhere in the world. This Web App makes the bridge between the Firebase Realtime Database and the ESP32.

More information...

#articles #IoT #firebase #esp32
📝 15 Steps to develop your new electronic hardware product

This step-by-step guide will teach you the development process for a new electronic product.

↘️ Define your product based on your market research
↘️ Understand costs & obstacles to get your product to market
↘️ Formulate your plan to surpass those costs & obstacles
↘️ Pick your development strategy and team
↘️ Design schematic circuit diagram for the electronics
↘️ Generate the Bill of Materials (BOM) for the electronics
↘️ Design the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) for the electronics
↘️ Develop the electronics firmware and software
↘️ Design 3D computer model for the product's enclosure
↘️ Get independent design reviews for electronics & enclosure
↘️ Prototype the PCB for the electronics
↘️ Prototype your product's enclosure
↘️ Evaluate the PCB prototypes, revise as needed
↘️ Evaluate the enclosure prototypes, revise as needed
↘️ Get required certifications (FCC, UL, CSA, CE, RoHS, etc.)

#articles #design
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💻 heatshrink: An Embedded Data Compression Library

In embedded systems, space is always tight. Adding pennies of extra storage can be enough to kill a budget (when multiplied by hundreds of thousands or even millions of units), so available space has to be used effectively.

Heatshrink is an open-source data compression library designed for resources-constrained embedded systems that works with as little as 50 bytes of RAM.

The library is written in C language and has the following key features:
▫️ Low memory usage – As low as 50 bytes with specific parameters, and usually under 300 bytes are needed.
▫️ Incremental, bounded CPU use – Input data is processed in tiny bites.
▫️ Static or dynamic memory allocation.
▫️ Released under an ISC license which allows you to use the library freely, even in commercial products.

More information:
🔗 Library review
🔗 Original blog post
😹 Github page
😹 Arduino version

#libraries
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🤖 KAUDA - Open-Source 3D-printable Robotic Arm

KAUDA
is a printable and DIY robotic arm developed with the aim of creating a robot that could cover the functions you want at a low cost, without losing quality and efficiency. Developed by a maker for makers, for those who want to work on it, apply changes, study new functions and therefore have fun with it.

The KAUDA is a five-axis arm with a gripping tool and has a completely open-source set of schematics so it can be printed on any 3D printer. The robot arm uses three stepper motors and two servo motors, and is based on the Arduino MEGA 2560 for control.

More information:
Official website
Instructables article

#projects #robots #arduino
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📃 Top 5 PCB Design Guidelines Every PCB Designer Needs to Know

Guidelines that you need to know to design your next manufacturable, functional, and reliable PCB.

▫️ Fine-Tuning Your Component Placement: Be sure to orient similar components in the same direction as this will help with effective routing in PCB design. Avoid placing components on the solder side of a board that would rest behind plated through-hole components.

▫️ Placing Your Power, Ground & Signal Traces: It’s always recommended to have your power and ground planes internal to your printed circuit board, while also being symmetrical and centered. This will help to prevent your board from bending, which will also affect whether your components are properly positioned.

▫️ Keeping Things Separate: Be sure to keep the power ground and control ground separate for each power supply stage. To reduce capacitive coupling due to the placement of a large ground plane, try to have your analog ground crossed only by analog lines.

#articles #electronics
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📰 New Optical Switch up to 1000x Faster Than Transistors

“Optical accelerator” devices could one day soon turbocharge tailored applications

A new optical switch is, at 1 trillion operations per second, between 100 and 1,000 times faster than today's leading commercial electronic transistors, research that may one day help lead to a new generation of computers based on light instead of electricity.

Optical computers that replace conventional transistors with optical switches could theoretically operate more quickly than regular computers, as photons travel at the speed of light, while electrons, typically, don’t.

The new device not only can operate extraordinarily quickly, but it can switch using as little as one photon of input on average. In contrast, transistors generally needs dozens of times more energy to switch, while those that switch using single electrons are much slower.

#news #electronics