🔆 Milk
✅ Global Rank: 1st
✅ Production: 247.87 MT
✅ Per Capita: 485 gm/day (2024–25)
✅ Top States: UP (15.66%), Rajasthan, MP, Gujarat, Maharashtra
✅ India contributes ~25% of world milk

#cse

🔆 Egg
✅ Global Rank: 2nd
✅ Production: 149.11 billion
✅ Per Capita: 106 eggs/yr
✅ Commercial poultry: 84.49%
✅ Top State: Andhra Pradesh (18.37%)

#cse

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 10 DEC 2025

🔆 REGULATORY / RBI
✅ Govt + RBI intensify action against unauthorised digital lending apps
✅ RBI launches Digital Lending Apps Directory (from 1 July 2025)
✅ Govt can block illegal apps under IT Act Sec 69A
✅ RBI issues Digital Lending Directions 2025 – fair recovery, data privacy, grievance redressal
✅ I4C (MHA) monitors digital lending fraud; citizens can complain via 1930.
✅ SACHET portal for deposit scam complaints

🔆 BANKING & FINANCE
✅ PSBs wrote off ₹6.15 lakh crore loans in 5.5 years (write-off ≠ waiver)
✅ Recoveries continue via DRTs, Civil Courts, SARFAESI, IBC/NCLT
✅ Moody’s: India + Asia-Pacific banks have stronger capital buffers than US/EU banks
✅ Crypto transactions (2024–25) hit ₹51,180 crore; govt collects ₹511.8 crore TDS
✅ IMF: UPI = world’s largest real-time payments system (49% of global volume)
• India: 129.3 bn txns; Brazil 37.4 bn; Thailand 20.4 bn

🔆 INTERNATIONAL
✅ India participates in 4th Quad HADR Exercise in Honolulu, Hawaii
– Focus: Indo-Pacific disaster response & coordination

🔆 NATIONAL
✅ Multidimensional poverty falls to 11.28% (2022–23); 24.8 crore people exited poverty
✅ Extreme poverty drops to 5.25% (World Bank metric)
✅ Unemployment (15+ age) falls from 5.8% → 3.2%
✅ 8th Smart India Hackathon (SIH) 2025 begins; 8,000+ students, 1,360 teams
✅ Prashasan Gaon Ki Ore campaign to run 19–25 Dec for grievance redressal
✅ Govt gives LOI to UNSW Australia to set up campus in India (3rd Australia–India Ed Council meet)
– La Trobe, Victoria Univ., W. Sydney Univ., Univ. of Western Australia also receive LOIs

🔆 DEFENCE
✅ India opens world’s highest war memorial at Galwan (Ladakh)
– Trishul-Damru design, eternal flame, 20 bronze statues

🔆 HEALTH / AYUSH
✅ India launches countdown to 2nd WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine (17–19 Dec 2025, Bharat Mandapam)
– Theme: Restoring Balance: The Science & Practice of Well-Being

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
✅ Genesys launches India’s first 3D subsurface mapping project → Adani Airports
– Uses 3D GPR + LiDAR for underground utility mapping

🔆 MoUs / INDUSTRY
✅ Tata Electronics signs Intel as first customer for its $14 bn semiconductor project
✅ Tata Electronics + Intel sign MoU for chip manufacturing & packaging (Gujarat + Assam facilities)

🔆 STATES
✅ Mizoram declared India’s Ginger Capital by NITI Aayog
– Record high-quality ginger production

🔆 SCHEMES
🔸 PM-AASHA (revised highlights)
• Central Sector; ₹35,000 cr allocation (till 2025–26)
• Procurement Ceiling: 25% of national production (except Tur/Urad/Masur = 100% in 2024–25)
• Components: PSS, PSF, procurement via NAFED / NCCF portals

🔸 NATGRID
• Concept: 2009 → Operational: 2024
• ~45,000 monthly requests
• Linked with Aadhaar, banks, airlines, DLs, CCTNS (14k+ police stations)
• Purpose: Real-time integrated intelligence sharing

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ International Anti-Corruption Day – 9 Dec (Theme: Uniting with Youth Against Corruption)
✅ SAARC Charter Day – 8 Dec

🔆 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Kalikesh Narayan Singh Deo begins first full term as NRAI President

🔆 AWARDS
✅ National Handicrafts Awards 2023–24 presented by President Murmu (12 Shilp Guru + 36 National Awardees)
✅ Sanctuary Wildlife Service Award 2025: Parveen Shaikh (BNHS)
✅ Global Humane Society Award: Anant Ambani (youngest recipient)
✅ PETA India Person of the Year: Raveena Tandon
✅ TIME CEO of the Year 2025: Neal Mohan (YouTube CEO)

🔆 BOOKS
✅ From Home to Heartland: The Story of the Sourashtras released in Madurai
✅ Amit Shah releases Gujarati edition of Chunotiya Mujhe Pasand Hai (on Anandiben Patel)

🔆 SPORTS
✅ India to host Squash World Cup (third consecutive time) in Chennai
– 12 nations participating; Egypt defending champions
✅ Simranpreet Kaur Brar wins Gold (Women’s 25m Pistol) – ISSF World Cup Final
✅ Udbhavam 2025 concludes → Telangana tops medal tally
✅ R Praggnanandhaa becomes 1st Indian to qualify for Candidates 2026 (wins FIDE Circuit)

#CurrentAffairs

UPSC CDS 2026-I Notification Tomorrow
Exam date - 12 April.

https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

#Goodmorning 

⏳164 days  left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳253 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]

⏳220 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳171 days  left mpsc prelims [ 31-05-26]
⏳73 days CGPSC prelims 22 February

#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability

https://t.me/anmolvachan1

🔆 Amphibians

📍 Latest Findings
✅ 788 amphibian species have declined in status over the last 40 years
✅ They make up 25.2% of all threatened vertebrates on the IUCN Red List
• 185 Critically Endangered, 37 Extinct

📍 Major Threats
✅ Habitat loss & degradation
✅ Agriculture expansion
✅ Timber/plant harvesting
✅ Infrastructure development

📍 About Amphibians
✅ Cold-blooded vertebrates that live in water + on land during different life stages (e.g., frogs)
✅ Key ecological roles: nutrient cycling, soil aeration, productivity, pest control

#cse

◾️ UPSC NDA (I) 2026 Notification Out

Total Post : 394
Qualification : 10+2
Age Limit : 16 to 19 Years
Apply Online : 10 Dec to 30 Dec
Exam Date : 12 April, 2026

https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 11 DEC 2025

🔆 RBI / ECONOMY

✅ RBI’s 15th Foreign Collaboration Survey (FCS) released
• 601 FTC agreements; 255 Indian entities participated
• 68% collabs linked to FDI-backed firms
• Manufacturing dominates (78.4%)
• Top partners: Japan, USA, Germany
• 61% agreements involve know-how transfer

🔆 BANKING & FINANCE
✅ AU Small Finance Bank: Govt raises foreign investment cap → 74%
✅ PM Modi urges people to join Your Money, Your Right movement
• Unclaimed amounts: Banks ₹78,000 cr; Insurance ₹14,000 cr; MF ₹3,000 cr; Dividends ₹9,000 cr
✅ ADB raises India’s FY26 growth forecast → 7.2%
• Asia-Pacific forecast: 5.1%

🔆 INTERNATIONAL
✅ Global trade to grow ~7% in 2025 – UNCTAD
• 2025 trade to cross $35 trillion
• East Asia export growth: 9%
• South–South trade ↑ 8%

✅ Australia becomes 1st country to ban social media for <16 yrs
• Platforms: Instagram, FB, X, Snapchat, TikTok, YouTube etc.
• Tech firms face fines up to AUD 32 million

🔆 NATIONAL
✅ PM-JANMAN: Centre approves 25 road projects in Tripura
• Cost: ₹68.67 cr; Length: 65.38 km
• Benefits 30 PVTG habitations

✅ SINE–IIT Bombay launches India’s 1st incubator-linked DeepTech VC Fund
• ₹250 crore Y-Point Fund, invests in AI, advanced materials, space, defence, lifesciences

✅ IIT Madras + IndiaAI Mission to host Global AI Conclave (11 Dec, Chennai)

✅ SabhaSaar AI tool adopted by 92,376 Gram Panchayats
• Auto-generates meeting minutes in 22 languages

🔆 CULTURE
✅ Deepavali added to UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List
• India’s 16th element on the list

🔆 HEALTH
✅ Health Ministry + WHO launch metro campaign for women & girls’ health on Delhi Metro

🔆 ENERGY / SCIENCE
✅ India’s nuclear power generation hits record high – 56,681 MU (NPCIL)
• Avoids 49 million tonnes CO₂
• New projects: Mahi Banswara Nuclear Project (4×700 MW)
• AEC clears 10 more PHWRs

🔆 AGRICULTURE / MoUs
✅ India–Israel launch JV – “Semiophore Ltd” for pheromone-based eco-friendly crop protection

🔆 DEFENCE
✅ India–Sweden launch 7 steel & cement decarbonisation projects
✅ India–Brazil sign naval MoU for Scorpene submarine maintenance support

🔆 LABOUR
✅ Labour Ministry + Microsoft sign MoU
• Microsoft to bring 15,000+ employers to NCS platform
• Aim: digital skilling + global mobility

🔆 STATES
✅ Maharashtra makes UDID card mandatory for all PwDs for govt benefits
✅ Sikkim to host supercar rally (12–15 Dec) under Bharat Ranbhoomi Darshan
✅ J&K to host 1st International Dangal & Rustam Title 2025 (17 Dec)

🔆 SCHEMES
✅ Namo Drone Didi approved; 15,000 drones for Women SHGs
• Outlay ₹1,261 cr; CFA 80% up to ₹8 lakh; DGCA-certified training
✅ PM E-DRIVE Scheme
• Deploy 14,028 e-buses in 9 cities
• Bengaluru gets 4,500 e-buses
• ₹2,000 cr support for EV charging infra

🔆 IMPORTANT DAY
✅ Human Rights Day – 10 Dec
• Theme: Human Rights, Our Everyday Essentials

🔆 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Andrej Babis sworn in as PM of Czech Republic

🔆 AWARDS
✅ Col Prateek Roy (Indian Army) receives Geddes Gavel Award (Australia)
✅ TIME Entertainer 2025: Leonardo DiCaprio
✅ TIME Athlete 2025: A’ja Wilson

🔆 SPORTS
✅ Jasprit Bumrah becomes 1st Indian with 100 wickets in Tests + ODIs + T20Is
• 5th bowler globally

#CurrentAffairs

https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY

🔆 Nuclear Power in India

📍 Latest Update
✅ NPCIL crosses 50 BUs generation for the first time (FY 2024–25)
✅ Avoided 49 million tonnes of CO₂ emissions

🔆 India’s Nuclear Power Status
✅ Contributes ~3% of electricity (July 2025)
✅ Target: 100 GW by 2047
✅ Follows Three-Stage Nuclear Programme

🔆 Key Initiatives
📍 Nuclear Energy Mission (2025–26)
✅ Focus on R&D of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)
→ SMRs = advanced reactors up to 300 MW(e)

📍 Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs)
✅ 220 MW PHWRs with strong safety record
➡️ PHWR = heavy-water cooled & moderated, uses natural uranium

📍 Recent Achievements
✅ Kakrapar KAPS-3 & 4 → first two 700 MWe indigenous PHWRs operational (2023–24)
✅ Mahi Banswara Project (Rajasthan) → 4×700 MWe PHWR launched
✅ Rawatbhata RAPP-7 → 3rd 700 MWe indigenous PHWR operational (2025)

#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology

Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_science_and_technology
#cse

🔆Trick vice President article: Vice-Captain Can Act Early To Vacations Only.
✅​V (63) — Vice President
✅​C (64) — Chairman (Ex-Officio)
✅​A (65) — Acting President
✅​E (66) — Election
✅​T (67) — Term
✅​V (68) — Vacancy (Time to fill)
✅​O (69) — Oath

📍​Important Comparisons (Confusing Points)
🔸​Pardon Power:
✅​President: Article 72 (Can pardon death sentences).
✅​Governor: Article 161 (Cannot pardon death sentences).
​Note: The Vice President has NO pardoning power.
🔸​Oath:
✅​President: Article 60
✅​Vice President: Article 69
✅​Governor: Article 159

https://t.me/prelims_tricks

🔆 Mahakavi Subramania Bharati

📍 Basic Info
✅ Born 11 Dec 1882, Ettayapuram (Tamil Nadu)
✅ Childhood name: Subbiah
✅ Parents: Chinnaswamy Iyer & Lakshmi Ammal
✅ Considered Sister Nivedita as his guru

📍 Literary Contributions
✅ Father of modern Tamil poetry → simple, rhythmic, people-centric style
✅ Awarded title “Mahakavi” by Raja of Ettayapuram
📚 Major works:
• Kannan Pattu
• Panchali Sapatham
• Kuyil Pattu
• Sudesa Geethangal (1908)
➡️ Translated Vedic hymns, Gita, Yoga Sutra into Tamil

📍 Role in National Movement
✅ Attended Benaras (1905) & Surat (1907) INC sessions
✅ Close to Bipin Pal, Tilak, V.V.S. Iyer

📍 Life in Exile (1908–1918)
✅ Fled to French Pondicherry due to British arrest warrant
✅ Worked with Aurobindo, Lajpat Rai, V.V.S. Aiyar
✅ His songs inspired Tamil youth in the freedom struggle
✅ Met Mahatma Gandhi in 1919 (at Rajaji’s home, Madras)

📍 As a Journalist
✅ Worked with: Swadesamitran, The Hindu, Bala Bharata, Vijaya, Chakravarthini, India

📍 As a Social Reformer
✅ Opposed caste discrimination
✅ Supported women’s rights, widow remarriage, temple entry for Dalits
✅ Advocated national unity

📍 Death & Legacy
✅ Died 11 Sept 1921, Madras
✅ First poet whose works were nationalised (1949)
✅ International Bharati Festival 2020 honour
✅ Bharathi Award 2020 → Shri Seeni Viswanathan

#history #prelims #mains

Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history

Centre of choice

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 12 DEC 2025

🔆 REGULATORY / RBI
📍 RBI — Rupee Carrying Rules for Nepal & Bhutan
✅ Unlimited currency allowed ≤ ₹100 notes
✅ Up to ₹25,000 allowed in denominations > ₹100
✅ Pakistan & Bangladesh citizens not permitted

📍 SEBI Approves Groww as Online Bond Platform Provider (OBPP)
✅ Groww can now list & distribute corporate bonds

📍 Sector Performance
✅ India’s banking sector hits 20-year NPA low — GNPA: 2.31%
✅ PSBs’ GNPA down from 9.11% → 2.58%
✅ SCBs record highest-ever profit: ₹4.01 lakh crore (FY25)

🔆 INTERNATIONAL
📍 Global Health & Social Indicators
✅ Lancet report: 1.01 billion adults experienced childhood sexual violence
✅ India data (15+):
• IPV: 23% women
• Childhood sexual violence → Women: 30%+, Men: 13%

🔆 NATIONAL
📍 Green Mobility & Waterways
✅ India’s 1st indigenous Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vessel launched at Varanasi
📍 Digital Governance
✅ Sujalam Bharat App launched — real-time monitoring of rural water supply
📍 Railways
✅ India’s 1st Hydrogen-Powered Train rolled out
• World’s longest broad-gauge hydrogen train (10 coaches)
• 2,400 kW combined power
• Green hydrogen plant established at Jind

🔆 MoUs
📍 Sports Collaboration
✅ India–Italy MoU for sports training, exchange programmes, high-performance centres
📍 Circular Economy
✅ AIM–NITI Aayog + HUL launch start-up accelerator under Project Circular Bharat

🔆 SCHEMES
📍 One Rank One Pension (OROP)
✅ Uniform pension for same rank + same service length
✅ Re-fixation based on 2013 retiree averages
✅ Arrears paid in 4 instalments (exceptions: family pensioners, gallantry awardees)
📍 Pradhan Mantri Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana (PMVKY)
✅ Major tribal welfare umbrella scheme (launched 2014)
✅ Components include:
• Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana
• PVTG Mission (₹15,000 cr, 3 yrs)
• Tribal Research Institutes support
• Pre-/Post-Matric scholarships
• Project Management Units for states

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📍 11 December Observances
✅ International Mountain Day 2025 → Theme: “Glaciers matter for water, food & livelihoods”
✅ UNICEF Foundation Day 2025 → 79th anniversary

🔆 SPORTS
📍 Hockey
✅ Germany wins 8th Men’s Junior Hockey World Cup (shoot-out vs Spain)
✅ India wins Bronze

📍 Football
✅ Amul renews partnership as Regional Sponsor of Argentina Football Team

📍 Kho Kho
✅ India to host 1st Commonwealth Kho Kho Championship (March 2026)

📍 Chess
✅ R. Praggnanandhaa wins FIDE Circuit 2025

📍 Cricket
✅ Kohli climbs to No.2 in ODI rankings; Rohit Sharma retains No.1

📍 Bumrah Milestone
✅ Jasprit Bumrah crosses 100 T20I wickets
→ 2nd Indian after Arshdeep Singh
→ Joins elite group with 100+ wickets in all three formats

#CurrentAffairs

https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY

🔆 Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

📍 Basic Info
✅ Born 27 June 1838, North 24 Parganas (Bengal)
✅ Among the first two graduates of Calcutta University (1858)
✅ Served as Deputy Collector in Jessore
✅ Died 8 April 1894

📍 Literary Contributions
✅ Early novels: Durgeshnandini (1865), Kapalkundala (1866)
✅ Founded Bangadarshan (1872) → key driver of Bengal Renaissance
✅ Anandamath (1882) inspired by Sanyasi–Fakir Rebellion
➡️ Contained Vande Mataram, later India’s national song
✅ British banned Vande Mataram, but it became a symbol of resistance

📍 Role in National Movement
✅ Vande Mataram became anthem of Swadeshi Movement (1905)
✅ Popularised by Rabindranath Tagore (who set it to music)
✅ Adopted as national song by Constituent Assembly (1951)

📍 Cultural & Intellectual Influence
✅ Critiqued colonial narratives of Indian history
✅ Sought revival of indigenous cultural traditions
✅ Believed Indian identity came from civilisational heritage, shared memory & devotion to motherland

📍 Philosophy
✅ Eastern & Western ideas can coexist without erasing Indian roots
✅ Vande Mataram envisioned as emotional glue uniting Indians across caste, class, region

📍 Legacy
✅ Known as Sahitya Samrat (Emperor of Bengali Literature)
✅ Works continue to inspire, widely adapted in films & media

🔆 World Inequality Report 2026

📍 Global Wealth & Income
✅ Top 1% own 37% of world wealth; top 10% own 75%
➡️ India: Top 1% = 40% wealth, top 10% = 65%
✅ Global top 10% earn 53% of income
➡️ India: Top 1% = 23% income, top 10% = 58%

📍 Other Key Findings
✅ Billionaire wealth growing 2× faster than bottom 50% since 1990s
✅ Climate inequality: Top 10% emit 77% of CO₂; poorest 50% → 3%
✅ Global South → Global North transfers >1% of world GDP/yr via debt, profits, financial flows (3× foreign aid)

🔆 Policy Recommendations
✅ Progressive taxation: Global billionaire tax + anti-evasion system
✅ Public investment: Free education, health, childcare, nutrition
✅ Redistribution: Cash transfers, pensions, unemployment support
✅ Gender equality: Childcare access, equal pay, anti-discrimination
✅ Climate policy: Progressive climate taxes + public-sector green investment
✅ Global finance reform: Global currency, centralized credit, surplus taxes

#cse