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Somnath Swabhiman Parv
A Thousand Years of Deep-rooted Faith and Civilisational Pride
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A Thousand Years of Deep-rooted Faith and Civilisational Pride
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🔆Freedom to manage religious affairs (Article 26)
✅ Every religious denomination or its sections has the freedom to manage its own affairs
✅ It can establish and maintain institutions for religions and charitable purposes
✅ It can own and acquire movable and immovable property
✅ It has the right to administer such property in accordance with laws
✅ Article 25: individual rights
✅ Article 26: Protects collective freedom of religion.
✅ Reasonable restrictions: public order, morality and health
#pre_revision
#polity
Join @CSE_EXAM
✅ Every religious denomination or its sections has the freedom to manage its own affairs
✅ It can establish and maintain institutions for religions and charitable purposes
✅ It can own and acquire movable and immovable property
✅ It has the right to administer such property in accordance with laws
✅ Article 25: individual rights
✅ Article 26: Protects collective freedom of religion.
✅ Reasonable restrictions: public order, morality and health
#pre_revision
#polity
Join @CSE_EXAM
🔥5❤3
🔆 Endangered Languages in India & Government Efforts
📍 Context
✅ India is one of the world’s most linguistically diverse countries
✅ UNESCO lists 197 endangered languages in India
✅ Languages fall into categories: vulnerable, endangered, severely endangered, or extinct
📍 Examples of Critically Endangered Languages
✅ Great Andamanese – Andaman Islands
✅ Toda – Nilgiri Hills (Tamil Nadu)
✅ Asur – Jharkhand
✅ Koro – Arunachal Pradesh
🔆 Government Initiatives for Language Preservation
📍 Scheme for Protection and Preservation of Endangered Languages (SPPEL)
✅ Focus: Languages spoken by fewer than 10,000 people
✅ Aim: Documentation, research, and promotion
✅ 117 languages prioritised in the first phase
📍 UGC-supported Measures
✅ Funding for academic research on indigenous languages
✅ Establishment of Centres for Endangered Languages in Central Universities
✅ Promotion of interdisciplinary linguistic studies
📍 Training & Documentation Efforts
✅ Regular training programmes for linguists and researchers
✅ Preparation of:
• Dictionaries
• Grammar books
• Audio-visual recordings
✅ Focus on long-term language survival and revival
🔆 Why It Matters
✅ Language loss = loss of oral history, folklore, ecological knowledge
✅ Preserving languages strengthens cultural diversity and identity
✅ Aligns with constitutional values of pluralism and inclusiveness
#goverment_schemes
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_government_scheme
📍 Context
✅ India is one of the world’s most linguistically diverse countries
✅ UNESCO lists 197 endangered languages in India
✅ Languages fall into categories: vulnerable, endangered, severely endangered, or extinct
📍 Examples of Critically Endangered Languages
✅ Great Andamanese – Andaman Islands
✅ Toda – Nilgiri Hills (Tamil Nadu)
✅ Asur – Jharkhand
✅ Koro – Arunachal Pradesh
🔆 Government Initiatives for Language Preservation
📍 Scheme for Protection and Preservation of Endangered Languages (SPPEL)
✅ Focus: Languages spoken by fewer than 10,000 people
✅ Aim: Documentation, research, and promotion
✅ 117 languages prioritised in the first phase
📍 UGC-supported Measures
✅ Funding for academic research on indigenous languages
✅ Establishment of Centres for Endangered Languages in Central Universities
✅ Promotion of interdisciplinary linguistic studies
📍 Training & Documentation Efforts
✅ Regular training programmes for linguists and researchers
✅ Preparation of:
• Dictionaries
• Grammar books
• Audio-visual recordings
✅ Focus on long-term language survival and revival
🔆 Why It Matters
✅ Language loss = loss of oral history, folklore, ecological knowledge
✅ Preserving languages strengthens cultural diversity and identity
✅ Aligns with constitutional values of pluralism and inclusiveness
#goverment_schemes
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_government_scheme
❤3
Day 25: 12 January target:
History
Topics:
Stone age
Chalcolithic culture
Harappan civilization
Advent of Aryans
Mauryas & central Asian kings
Satavahanas
Guptas
Related PYQs
Current Affairs:
June 2025 - related news to historical part, GS 1
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
https://t.me/CSE_EXAM
https://t.me/upsc_answer_written
History
Topics:
Stone age
Chalcolithic culture
Harappan civilization
Advent of Aryans
Mauryas & central Asian kings
Satavahanas
Guptas
Related PYQs
Current Affairs:
June 2025 - related news to historical part, GS 1
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
https://t.me/CSE_EXAM
https://t.me/upsc_answer_written
❤2
#Goodmorning
⏳132 days left CSP26[ 24-05-26]
⏳221 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳188 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳140 days left MPSC (MH) prelims [ 31-05-26]
⏳104 days Left MPPSC (MP) Prelims 26 April
⏳90 days Left CDS1 /NDA 12 April
⏳41 days CGPSC prelims 22 February
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳132 days left CSP26[ 24-05-26]
⏳221 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳188 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳140 days left MPSC (MH) prelims [ 31-05-26]
⏳104 days Left MPPSC (MP) Prelims 26 April
⏳90 days Left CDS1 /NDA 12 April
⏳41 days CGPSC prelims 22 February
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
❤1
🍃 Conversations for Inner Peace: Understanding Detachment
1. Arjun: You say "Be detached," but does that mean I shouldn't care about my goals? That sounds like laziness.
✅Krishna: No, Arjun. Detachment is not indifference. It means you are so dedicated to the work that you do not have time to worry about the result. You care deeply about the action, but you remain neutral to the outcome.
2. Arjun: But if I don't obsess over the result (the rank, the money, the win), where will my motivation come from?
✅Krishna: Obsession drains energy; passion creates it. When you work for the result, you are working out of fear and greed. When you work for the love of the duty itself, you are working out of joy. The latter is a much cleaner, stronger fuel.
3. Arjun: It is hard to work hard and not worry about what I will get in return.
✅Krishna: You have the right to your labor, but never to the fruits of your labor. The fruit depends on many factors—timing, karma, others' actions—that are beyond your control. Why suffer over what you cannot control?
4. Arjun: So, if I fail, I shouldn't feel bad?
✅Krishna: You should feel responsible, but not defeated. If you succeed, do not let it get to your head. If you fail, do not let it get to your heart. Treat success and failure as two impostors; they are just different kinds of experiences.
5. Arjun: How does a detached person live?
✅Krishna: Like a lotus leaf in the water. It is completely submerged in the water (the world/duties), yet the water drops simply roll off it. It remains dry. Be in the world, do your best, but do not let the world's chaos stick to your soul.
6. Arjun: It feels like I am giving up ownership of my life.
✅Krishna: You are giving up the burden of your life. When you think "I am the doer," you carry the weight of every success and every failure. When you realize you are just an instrument of a larger energy, the weight lifts. You become lighter.
7. Arjun: What is the ultimate benefit of this detachment?
✅Krishna: Peace. When you are no longer begging the future to make you happy, you become happy in the present. You become invincible, because nothing outside of you can disturb the peace inside you.
💡 A Small Tip
✅Try the "Archer's Focus" Visualization.
Imagine you are an archer.
Your job is to check the wind, check the tension in the bow, aim your arrow, and release it with perfect form.
✅Once the arrow leaves the string, it is no longer yours. You cannot scream at it to go left or right. You cannot worry it into the bullseye.
If you stare at the target while shooting, your aim will waver. If you stare at the arrow, your aim will be true. Focus on the release (the action), not the target (the result).
Radhe Radhe #geeta
Join https://t.me/anmolvachan1
1. Arjun: You say "Be detached," but does that mean I shouldn't care about my goals? That sounds like laziness.
✅Krishna: No, Arjun. Detachment is not indifference. It means you are so dedicated to the work that you do not have time to worry about the result. You care deeply about the action, but you remain neutral to the outcome.
2. Arjun: But if I don't obsess over the result (the rank, the money, the win), where will my motivation come from?
✅Krishna: Obsession drains energy; passion creates it. When you work for the result, you are working out of fear and greed. When you work for the love of the duty itself, you are working out of joy. The latter is a much cleaner, stronger fuel.
3. Arjun: It is hard to work hard and not worry about what I will get in return.
✅Krishna: You have the right to your labor, but never to the fruits of your labor. The fruit depends on many factors—timing, karma, others' actions—that are beyond your control. Why suffer over what you cannot control?
4. Arjun: So, if I fail, I shouldn't feel bad?
✅Krishna: You should feel responsible, but not defeated. If you succeed, do not let it get to your head. If you fail, do not let it get to your heart. Treat success and failure as two impostors; they are just different kinds of experiences.
5. Arjun: How does a detached person live?
✅Krishna: Like a lotus leaf in the water. It is completely submerged in the water (the world/duties), yet the water drops simply roll off it. It remains dry. Be in the world, do your best, but do not let the world's chaos stick to your soul.
6. Arjun: It feels like I am giving up ownership of my life.
✅Krishna: You are giving up the burden of your life. When you think "I am the doer," you carry the weight of every success and every failure. When you realize you are just an instrument of a larger energy, the weight lifts. You become lighter.
7. Arjun: What is the ultimate benefit of this detachment?
✅Krishna: Peace. When you are no longer begging the future to make you happy, you become happy in the present. You become invincible, because nothing outside of you can disturb the peace inside you.
💡 A Small Tip
✅Try the "Archer's Focus" Visualization.
Imagine you are an archer.
Your job is to check the wind, check the tension in the bow, aim your arrow, and release it with perfect form.
✅Once the arrow leaves the string, it is no longer yours. You cannot scream at it to go left or right. You cannot worry it into the bullseye.
If you stare at the target while shooting, your aim will waver. If you stare at the arrow, your aim will be true. Focus on the release (the action), not the target (the result).
Radhe Radhe #geeta
Join https://t.me/anmolvachan1
❤5
🔆 Pattachitra Paintings
📍 Overview
✅ Traditional cloth-based scroll painting from Odisha
✅ Term derived from Sanskrit:
• Patta = cloth
• Chitra = picture
📍 Themes & Inspiration
✅ Primarily based on Hindu mythology
✅ Strongly inspired by Lord Jagannath and Vaishnavism
✅ Occasional themes from Shakta and Shaiva traditions
📍 Canvas Preparation
✅ Painted on small strips of cotton cloth
✅ Cloth coated with a paste of:
• Chalk
• Natural gum from tamarind seeds
✅ Preparation traditionally done by women artisans
📍 Painting Process
✅ Initial sketching and final detailing done by master painter (traditionally male)
✅ No use of pencil or charcoal
✅ Natural colours only used
✅ Painting heated over a fireplace from the back
✅ Fine lacquer coating applied for durability and shine
📍 Distinctive Features
✅ Bold outlines and stylised figures
✅ Flat perspective with decorative borders
✅ Intricate detailing and narrative storytelling
✅ Emphasis on symmetry and rhythmic composition
📍 Variants
✅ Tala Pattachitra:
• Painted on palm leaves
• Incised lines filled with natural colours
#prelims
#art_and_culture
https://t.me/Studytoday1
https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture
📍 Overview
✅ Traditional cloth-based scroll painting from Odisha
✅ Term derived from Sanskrit:
• Patta = cloth
• Chitra = picture
📍 Themes & Inspiration
✅ Primarily based on Hindu mythology
✅ Strongly inspired by Lord Jagannath and Vaishnavism
✅ Occasional themes from Shakta and Shaiva traditions
📍 Canvas Preparation
✅ Painted on small strips of cotton cloth
✅ Cloth coated with a paste of:
• Chalk
• Natural gum from tamarind seeds
✅ Preparation traditionally done by women artisans
📍 Painting Process
✅ Initial sketching and final detailing done by master painter (traditionally male)
✅ No use of pencil or charcoal
✅ Natural colours only used
✅ Painting heated over a fireplace from the back
✅ Fine lacquer coating applied for durability and shine
📍 Distinctive Features
✅ Bold outlines and stylised figures
✅ Flat perspective with decorative borders
✅ Intricate detailing and narrative storytelling
✅ Emphasis on symmetry and rhythmic composition
📍 Variants
✅ Tala Pattachitra:
• Painted on palm leaves
• Incised lines filled with natural colours
#prelims
#art_and_culture
https://t.me/Studytoday1
https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture
❤2
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❤1
🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 12 JANUARY 2026
🔆 REGULATORY / SEBI
📍 Ease of Doing Business Reforms
✅ SEBI proposes compliance rationalisation for exchanges
📍 Objectives:
✅ Reduce daily compliance burden
✅ Increase autonomy & competition
📍 Key Relief Measures
✅ Bulk & block deal disclosure shifted:
➡ From UCC-level → PAN-level
✅ Exchanges to directly disseminate data
➡ Reduces manual broker
📍 Liquidity Enhancement Scheme (LES)
✅ Market-making shifted to principle-based LES
✅ Exchanges get discretion to design incentives
⚠️ Risk: “War for liquidity” in niche products
🔆 BANKING & FINANCE
📍 Virtual Digital Assets (VDA) Regulation
✅ FIU-IND issues new guidelines for VDA service providers
📍 Coverage:
✅ AML / CFT / CPF framework
✅ Under PMLA, 2002 (since 2023)
📍 What is VDA?
✅ Defined under Income-tax Act, 1961
✅ Includes:
➡ Cryptocurrencies
➡ NFTs
📍 Tax:
✅ 30% on transfer (plus surcharge & cess)
🔆 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
📍 Diplomacy
✅ India participates in Weimar Triangle for first time
📍 Members:
➡ France
➡ Germany
➡ Poland
📍 Origin:
✅ 1991 (Germany)
📍 Aim:
✅ European integration & security dialogue
📍 Digital Governance
✅ Indonesia becomes first country to block Grok AI chatbot
📍 Reason:
✅ Risks of explicit & non-consensual deepfakes
📍 India–Sri Lanka
✅ First India-funded Bailey Bridge opened for traffic
📍 Length: 100 ft
📍 Built by: Indian Army
📍 Part of Operation Sagar Bandhu (Cyclone Ditwah relief)
🔆 NATIONAL AFFAIRS
📍 Civil Aviation
✅ Akasa Air becomes India’s 5th airline to join IATA
📍 Requirement:
✅ IOSA safety audit clearance
📍 Internal Security
✅ Amit Shah inaugurates National IED Data Management System (NIDMS)
📍 Managed by:
✅ NSG, Manesar
📍 Covers:
➡ All bomb/IED incidents since 1999
📍 Objective:
✅ Faster investigation & prevention
📍 Wildlife Conservation
✅ MSTrIPES app to be used for tiger census
📍 Location:
➡ Anamalai Tiger Reserve (Tamil Nadu)
📍 Purpose:
✅ GPS-based real-time wildlife monitoring
📍 Energy
✅ PIB approves Kamala Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh
📍 Capacity:
✅ 6,870 MU annually
📍 Cost:
✅ ₹26,070 crore
📍 Implementing agency:
✅ NHPC
📍 Model:
✅ BOOT
📍 Languages & Culture
✅ VP C.P. Radhakrishnan inaugurates International Conference on Indian Languages
📍 Focus:
✅ Protection & global promotion of Indian languages
📍 Context:
✅ Constitution recently released in Santhali
📍 AI Governance
✅ IndiaAI & MeitY to host Regional AI Impact Conference
📍 Venue:
➡ Lucknow
📍 Dates:
➡ 12–13 Jan 2026
📍 Transport Safety
✅ Govt announces nationwide rollout of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) technology by end-2026
📍 Purpose:
✅ Reduce road accidents via real-time alerts
🔆 ENVIRONMENT / BIODIVERSITY
📍 Species at Risk
✅ Kashmir Markhor facing local extinction
📍 Population:
➡ ~200–300
📍 Habitat:
➡ Kazinag National Park (J&K)
📍 Archaeology
✅ 2,000-year-old Zehanpora Buddhist complex excavated
📍 Period:
➡ Kushan era
📍 Location:
➡ Baramulla, J&K
📍 On ancient Silk Route
🔆 DEFENCE / POLICE
📍 Policing Reforms
✅ Uttarakhand Police ranks 1st in ICJS 2.0
📍 Score:
➡ 93.46
📍 Platform:
➡ NCRB CCTNS/ICJS Dashboard
📍 ICJS integrates:
➡ Police, courts, prisons, forensics
🔆 STATES
📍 Gujarat
✅ Launch of ‘Asha Van’ mobile cancer screening unit
📍 Objective:
✅ Early detection in rural & tribal areas
🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📍 National Youth Day
✅ 12 January
📍 Birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda
🔆 APPOINTMENTS
📍 Judiciary
✅ Justice Mahesh Sonak → Chief Justice, Jharkhand HC
Join https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
🔆 REGULATORY / SEBI
📍 Ease of Doing Business Reforms
✅ SEBI proposes compliance rationalisation for exchanges
📍 Objectives:
✅ Reduce daily compliance burden
✅ Increase autonomy & competition
📍 Key Relief Measures
✅ Bulk & block deal disclosure shifted:
➡ From UCC-level → PAN-level
✅ Exchanges to directly disseminate data
➡ Reduces manual broker
📍 Liquidity Enhancement Scheme (LES)
✅ Market-making shifted to principle-based LES
✅ Exchanges get discretion to design incentives
⚠️ Risk: “War for liquidity” in niche products
🔆 BANKING & FINANCE
📍 Virtual Digital Assets (VDA) Regulation
✅ FIU-IND issues new guidelines for VDA service providers
📍 Coverage:
✅ AML / CFT / CPF framework
✅ Under PMLA, 2002 (since 2023)
📍 What is VDA?
✅ Defined under Income-tax Act, 1961
✅ Includes:
➡ Cryptocurrencies
➡ NFTs
📍 Tax:
✅ 30% on transfer (plus surcharge & cess)
🔆 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
📍 Diplomacy
✅ India participates in Weimar Triangle for first time
📍 Members:
➡ France
➡ Germany
➡ Poland
📍 Origin:
✅ 1991 (Germany)
📍 Aim:
✅ European integration & security dialogue
📍 Digital Governance
✅ Indonesia becomes first country to block Grok AI chatbot
📍 Reason:
✅ Risks of explicit & non-consensual deepfakes
📍 India–Sri Lanka
✅ First India-funded Bailey Bridge opened for traffic
📍 Length: 100 ft
📍 Built by: Indian Army
📍 Part of Operation Sagar Bandhu (Cyclone Ditwah relief)
🔆 NATIONAL AFFAIRS
📍 Civil Aviation
✅ Akasa Air becomes India’s 5th airline to join IATA
📍 Requirement:
✅ IOSA safety audit clearance
📍 Internal Security
✅ Amit Shah inaugurates National IED Data Management System (NIDMS)
📍 Managed by:
✅ NSG, Manesar
📍 Covers:
➡ All bomb/IED incidents since 1999
📍 Objective:
✅ Faster investigation & prevention
📍 Wildlife Conservation
✅ MSTrIPES app to be used for tiger census
📍 Location:
➡ Anamalai Tiger Reserve (Tamil Nadu)
📍 Purpose:
✅ GPS-based real-time wildlife monitoring
📍 Energy
✅ PIB approves Kamala Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh
📍 Capacity:
✅ 6,870 MU annually
📍 Cost:
✅ ₹26,070 crore
📍 Implementing agency:
✅ NHPC
📍 Model:
✅ BOOT
📍 Languages & Culture
✅ VP C.P. Radhakrishnan inaugurates International Conference on Indian Languages
📍 Focus:
✅ Protection & global promotion of Indian languages
📍 Context:
✅ Constitution recently released in Santhali
📍 AI Governance
✅ IndiaAI & MeitY to host Regional AI Impact Conference
📍 Venue:
➡ Lucknow
📍 Dates:
➡ 12–13 Jan 2026
📍 Transport Safety
✅ Govt announces nationwide rollout of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) technology by end-2026
📍 Purpose:
✅ Reduce road accidents via real-time alerts
🔆 ENVIRONMENT / BIODIVERSITY
📍 Species at Risk
✅ Kashmir Markhor facing local extinction
📍 Population:
➡ ~200–300
📍 Habitat:
➡ Kazinag National Park (J&K)
📍 Archaeology
✅ 2,000-year-old Zehanpora Buddhist complex excavated
📍 Period:
➡ Kushan era
📍 Location:
➡ Baramulla, J&K
📍 On ancient Silk Route
🔆 DEFENCE / POLICE
📍 Policing Reforms
✅ Uttarakhand Police ranks 1st in ICJS 2.0
📍 Score:
➡ 93.46
📍 Platform:
➡ NCRB CCTNS/ICJS Dashboard
📍 ICJS integrates:
➡ Police, courts, prisons, forensics
🔆 STATES
📍 Gujarat
✅ Launch of ‘Asha Van’ mobile cancer screening unit
📍 Objective:
✅ Early detection in rural & tribal areas
🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📍 National Youth Day
✅ 12 January
📍 Birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda
🔆 APPOINTMENTS
📍 Judiciary
✅ Justice Mahesh Sonak → Chief Justice, Jharkhand HC
Join https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
❤7
✅ Justice Revati Mohite Dere → First woman CJ, Meghalaya HC
🔆 AWARDS
📍 International Honour
✅ Italy confers Order of the Star of Italy on Shrinivas Dempo
📍 Cinema
✅ 5 Indian films eligible for Best Picture – Oscars 2026
➡ Kantara (Chapter 1)
➡ Tanvi The Great
➡ Mahavatar Narsimha
➡ Tourist Family
➡ Sister Midnight
🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
📍 AI & Commerce
✅ Google partners Walmart, Shopify, Wayfair for shopping via Gemini AI
📍 Feature:
➡ In-chat instant checkout
📍 Space
✅ ISRO launches PSLV-C62 / EOS-N1
📍 Mission:
➡ 64th PSLV flight
➡ 15 co-passenger satellites
➡ KID re-entry tech demo
🔆 SPORTs
📍 Boxing
✅ National Boxing Championships 2026 winners:
➡ Lovlina Borgohain (75 kg)
➡ Nikhat Zareen (52 kg)
📍 Football
✅ FIFA World Cup 2026 Trophy unveiled in India
📍 New format:
➡ 48 teams
➡ Hosts: USA, Canada, Mexico
#CurrentAffairs
🔆 AWARDS
📍 International Honour
✅ Italy confers Order of the Star of Italy on Shrinivas Dempo
📍 Cinema
✅ 5 Indian films eligible for Best Picture – Oscars 2026
➡ Kantara (Chapter 1)
➡ Tanvi The Great
➡ Mahavatar Narsimha
➡ Tourist Family
➡ Sister Midnight
🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
📍 AI & Commerce
✅ Google partners Walmart, Shopify, Wayfair for shopping via Gemini AI
📍 Feature:
➡ In-chat instant checkout
📍 Space
✅ ISRO launches PSLV-C62 / EOS-N1
📍 Mission:
➡ 64th PSLV flight
➡ 15 co-passenger satellites
➡ KID re-entry tech demo
🔆 SPORTs
📍 Boxing
✅ National Boxing Championships 2026 winners:
➡ Lovlina Borgohain (75 kg)
➡ Nikhat Zareen (52 kg)
📍 Football
✅ FIFA World Cup 2026 Trophy unveiled in India
📍 New format:
➡ 48 teams
➡ Hosts: USA, Canada, Mexico
#CurrentAffairs
❤5