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🔆 BHASKAR Initiative

📍 Full Form
✅ BHASKAR stands for Bharat Startup Knowledge Access Registry.

📍 Launch
✅ Launched in 2024 under the Startup India programme.

📍 Aim
✅ To build the world’s largest digital registry of stakeholders in India’s startup ecosystem.
✅ To strengthen collaboration among startups, investors, incubators, mentors and policymakers.

📍 Implemented By
✅ Implemented by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

📍 Significance
✅ Provides a one-stop digital platform to centralize and streamline data related to the startup ecosystem.
✅ Facilitates better networking and collaboration among different stakeholders.
✅ Supports evidence-based policymaking for Startup India.
✅ Helps in identifying trends, funding gaps and sector-wise opportunities in the startup ecosystem.

#goverment_schemes

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🔆 Adichanallur Archaeological Site

📍 Location
✅ Situated in Thoothukudi district on the banks of the Thamirabarani River near the ancient port town of Korkai.
✅ It is one of the oldest Iron Age archaeological sites in India.

📍 Interlinkage with Korkai
✅ The site likely prospered due to its proximity to Korkai, a major maritime trade centre mentioned in Sangam literature.

📍 Timeline
✅ A 2019 study dated artefacts from the site between 905 BCE and 696 BCE.
✅ Thus, the site is older than Keezhadi.

📍 Evidence
✅ Skeletal remains discovered at the site show multiracial traits.
✅ This indicates that Adichanallur may have been a cosmopolitan settlement with diverse communities.

📍 Major Findings
✅ Extensive urn burials
✅ Skeletal remains
✅ Bronze artefacts
✅ Early cultural evidence of South India

📍 Other Important Iron Age Sites in India
✅ Sivagalai
✅ Mayiladumparai
✅ Brahmagiri
✅ Gachibowli
✅ Hallur
✅ Paiyampalli
✅ Malhar
✅ Atranjikhera

#prelims
#art_and_culture

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 14 APRIL 2026

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 UK Pauses Transfer of Chagos Islands
✅ United Kingdom pauses plan to transfer sovereignty of Chagos Islands to Mauritius
✅ Decision taken after opposition from United States
✅ US President Donald Trump criticised transfer, citing strategic concerns

📍 About Chagos Islands
✅ Located in central Indian Ocean, south of Maldives
✅ Includes strategically important island Diego Garcia
✅ Diego Garcia hosts major joint UK–US military base
✅ Under proposed 2025 deal, UK would lease Diego Garcia back for 99 years after transfer to Mauritius

📍 ICJ Advisory Opinion
✅ International Court of Justice in 2019 asked UK to unconditionally withdraw from Chagos Islands and supported Mauritius’ claim

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 Project Cheetah Achieves Major Milestone
✅ Female cheetah Nirva gives birth to 4 cubs at Kuno National Park
✅ These are first successful “Made in India” cheetah cubs under Project Cheetah
✅ Nirva was among cheetahs brought from Africa

📍 About Project Cheetah
✅ Launched in 2022
✅ World’s first intercontinental large wild carnivore translocation project
✅ Works under Project Tiger
📍 Cheetah Imports So Far
✅ 8 cheetahs from Namibia in 2022
✅ 12 cheetahs from South Africa in 2023
✅ 9 cheetahs from Botswana in 2026
✅ All released in Kuno National Park, Madhya Pradesh
✅ Implemented by National Tiger Conservation Authority under Ministry of Environment

📍 Supreme Court Clarifies Right to Vote
✅ Supreme Court of India rules that right to vote and right to contest elections are not Fundamental Rights
✅ They are statutory rights created by laws of Parliament and State Legislatures
✅ Judgment delivered in case related to cooperative society elections in Rajasthan
📍 Key Points
✅ Right to vote allows participation in elections
✅ Right to contest can be restricted through eligibility conditions
✅ Neither is included under Part III of Constitution

📍 Patent Filings Rise to Historic High
✅ India records 1,43,729 patent applications in FY 2025–26
✅ Increase of 30.2% over previous year
✅ India becomes world’s 6th largest patent filer
✅ More than 69% applications filed by domestic applicants
📍 Leading States
✅ Tamil Nadu
✅ Karnataka
✅ Maharashtra
📍 Patent Validity
✅ Patent: 20 years
✅ Trademark: 10 years
✅ Design: 10 years + extendable by 5 years
✅ Copyright: Lifetime of author + 60 years

📍 Retail Inflation Rises to 13-Month High
✅ India’s retail inflation rises to 3.4% in March 2026 from 3.2% in February
✅ Highest level in 13 months
✅ Main reasons:
➡ Rise in LPG prices
➡ Increase in vegetable prices
➡ West Asia conflict raising energy costs
✅ Food inflation rises to 3.87% in March from 3.47% in February

📍 Startup India Fund of Funds 2.0 Notified
✅ Government notifies Startup India Fund of Funds 2.0 with corpus of ₹10,000 crore
✅ Aim: boost capital flow to startups through Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs)
✅ Priority sectors include deep tech, AI, robotics and advanced technologies
✅ Implemented by Small Industries Development Bank of India
✅ Guidelines issued by DPIIT

📍 e-SafeHER Cyber Security Programme
✅ Centre for Development of Advanced Computing Hyderabad and Reliance Foundation launch e-SafeHER programme
✅ Target: 1 million rural women
✅ Objective: promote cyber awareness and safe digital practices
📍 Key Feature
✅ Women will be trained as “Cyber Sakhis”
✅ Target: 1 million Cyber Sakhis by 2029

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 Indian Army Launches ‘Samudra Sahas’
✅ Indian Army flags off its first blue-water sailing expedition “Samudra Sahas” from Marve
✅ Expedition is part of Regiment of Artillery bicentenary celebrations
📍 Expedition Details
✅ Total distance: 520 nautical miles
✅ Route: Mumbai → Vijaydurg → Goa → Mumbai
✅ Conducted in 4 legs using 21-foot Seabird class sailing boats
✅ Supported by Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard

📍 NCC Launches Cyber Security Capacity Programme
✅ National Cadet Corps partners with National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology
✅ Launches nationwide Cyber Security Capacity Building Programme for NCC cadets

✅ Aim: train cadets in cyber awareness, digital hygiene and cyber defence skills
✅ Supports Digital India and National Skills Qualification Framework

🔆 STATES

📍 Gaganyaan Mission
✅ India’s human spaceflight programme led by ISRO
✅ Aim: send Indian astronauts to Low Earth Orbit and bring them back safely
✅ India will become 4th country after US, Russia and China to send humans into space
✅ ISRO also plans to build India’s own space station by 2028

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 107th Anniversary of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
✅ Nation observes 107th anniversary of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre on 13 April
✅ British troops fired on unarmed civilians gathered in Amritsar in 1919
✅ Incident occurred in backdrop of the Rowlatt Act, 1919
✅ Rowlatt Act allowed arrest without trial and detention up to 2 years

📍 136th Birth Anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
✅ Nation celebrates 136th birth anniversary of B. R. Ambedkar on 14 April
✅ Born on 14 April 1891
✅ Known as chief architect of Indian Constitution
✅ Awarded Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1990

📍 Siachen Day
✅ Siachen Day observed on 13 April
✅ Marks launch of Operation Meghdoot in 1984
✅ Indian Army and Indian Air Force pay tribute to soldiers guarding Siachen Glacier, the world’s highest battlefield

🔆 SPORTS

📍 Sawan Barwal Breaks 47-Year-Old Marathon Record
✅ Sawan Barwal breaks India’s oldest national athletics record at Rotterdam Marathon 2026
✅ Timing: 2:11:58
✅ Breaks 47-year-old record of Shivnath Singh set in 1978
✅ Sawan Barwal finished 20th in his debut marathon

#CurrentAffairs

Quick revision Monetary Policy of India


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Compilation of Major Reports and Indices and their key findings that can be asked in Prelims 26.
Must Know all the reports published by WEF, IMF, NITI Ayog, WTO, RBI, UNEP, IPCC to eliminate options.

Parliamentary committees PYQ THEMES

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🔆 Tuberculosis (TB)

✅ Caused by: Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

📍 Transmission
✅ Airborne disease; spreads when an infected person coughs, sneezes or spits.
✅ Infection occurs through inhalation of droplet nuclei.

📍 Affected System
✅ Primarily affects the lungs (Pulmonary TB).
✅ Can also affect kidneys, brain, spine etc. in Extra-Pulmonary TB (EPTB).

📍 Treatment
✅ Curable with antibiotics.
✅ Latent TB and active TB require different treatment approaches.
✅ New BPaLM regimen approved in 2024 under India’s MDR-TB programme.
✅ BCG vaccine is the only licensed TB vaccine.

📍 Recent Developments
✅ MTBVAC became the first vaccine candidate derived from a human source to enter clinical trials in India in 2024.
✅ Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) is being tested for early diagnosis.
✅ AI-based chest X-ray interpretation tool “DeepCXR” is being used under the National TB Elimination Programme.
✅ According to the 2025 WHO Global TB Report, India’s TB incidence declined by 21% between 2015 and 2024.

🔆 Trachoma

✅ Caused by: Trachoma is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria.

📍 Transmission
✅ Spreads through direct or indirect contact with eye, nose or throat secretions of infected persons.

📍 Affected System
✅ Affects the eyes and can cause irreversible blindness.

📍 Treatment
✅ WHO-recommended SAFE strategy:
➡️ Surgery
➡️ Antibiotics (especially azithromycin and tetracycline)
➡️ Facial cleanliness
➡️ Environmental improvement

📍 Key Features
✅ It is a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD).
✅ In 2024, India received a Certificate of Elimination of Trachoma from the World Health Organization at the 78th World Health Assembly in Geneva.
✅ India became the third country in the WHO South-East Asia Region after Nepal and Myanmar to eliminate trachoma.
✅ Earlier, India had eliminated Guinea Worm Disease in 2000 and Yaws in 2016.

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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🔆 NPS Swasthya Pension Scheme (NSPS)

📍 Launch
✅ Launched in 2026 on a pilot basis under the regulatory sandbox of the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority.
✅ It is a contributory pension scheme.

📍 Aim
✅ To integrate health-related financial benefits with the National Pension System framework.

📍 Implemented By
✅ Implemented by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority through Pension Funds.

📍 Beneficiaries / Target Sector
✅ Voluntary subscribers, i.e., Indian citizens opting to join the scheme.

📍 Key Features
✅ Subscribers can contribute any amount, in line with existing NPS guidelines applicable to the non-government sector.
✅ It is a sector-specific contributory pension scheme within the Multi-Scheme framework of the National Pension System architecture.
✅ The scheme is offered by Pension Funds after prior approval of the PFRDA.
✅ Available to Indian citizens on a voluntary basis.

📍 Significance
✅ Links pension savings with healthcare-related financial security.
✅ May help reduce out-of-pocket medical expenditure for retirees.
✅ Expands the scope of the National Pension System beyond old-age income support.

#goverment_schemes

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🔆 Sant Kabir Das Ji

📍 About
✅ Kabir was a 15th-century mystic poet and Bhakti saint.
✅ Born in Varanasi.
✅ He sought to bridge Hindu and Muslim devotional traditions through universal spiritual teachings.

📍 Religious Philosophy
✅ Born in a Muslim family but deeply influenced by Ramananda.
✅ He belonged to the Nirguni tradition, which viewed God as formless, universal and beyond rituals.

📍 Role in Bhakti Movement
✅ A major proponent of the Bhakti Movement.
✅ Emphasised:
➡️ Devotion over ritual
➡️ Equality and social harmony
➡️ Spiritual unity between religions

📍 Literary Contributions
✅ His compositions are mainly found in three forms:

➡️ Dohas – Short two-line verses
➡️ Ramanis – Rhymed four-line verses
➡️ Padas / Sabdas – Sung compositions of varying length

📍 Language
✅ Wrote mainly in Hindi and local dialects.
✅ Many of his verses are included in the Guru Granth Sahib.

📍 Significance
✅ Kabir criticised caste discrimination, religious orthodoxy and blind rituals.
✅ His teachings continue to inspire social reform and communal harmony.

#history #prelims #mains

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FY 2025–26, India’s exports reached a record US$ 860.09 bn (vs US$ 825.26 bn). Merchandise exports rose to US$ 441.78 bn, while services exports grew 7.84% to US$ 418 bn, reflecting resilience amid global headwinds.

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