🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 11 APRIL 2026

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 Nepal Begins New Year Celebrations
✅ Nepal begins celebrations for Bikram Sambat 2083 with the traditional Bisket Jatra festival in Bhaktapur
✅ Nepali New Year falls on 14 April
✅ Bisket Jatra is a 9-day festival celebrated to welcome the new year and preserve local culture

📍 IUCN Updates Red List
✅ International Union for Conservation of Nature updates the Red List of Threatened Species
📍 Major Changes
✅ Emperor Penguin moved from Near Threatened to Endangered due to climate change
✅ Antarctic Fur Seal moved from Least Concern to Endangered
✅ Southern Elephant Seal moved from Least Concern to Vulnerable due to bird flu

📍 Bangladesh Measles Outbreak
✅ More than 100 children have died in a measles outbreak in Bangladesh
✅ Measles is a highly contagious viral disease spread through airborne droplets
✅ Severe cases can lead to pneumonia, encephalitis and blindness
✅ India aims to eliminate Measles and Rubella by 2026

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 2 Lakh Women Entrepreneurs Registered on GeM
✅ More than 2 lakh women-led MSEs registered under the Womaniya initiative on Government e-Marketplace
✅ They generated 13.7 lakh orders in FY26
📍 About Womaniya Initiative
✅ Launched in 2019
✅ Promotes participation of women entrepreneurs in government procurement
✅ Helps solve issues of limited market access and low visibility

📍 CPA India Region Zone VII Conference Concludes in Goa
✅ First Commonwealth Parliamentary Association India Region Zone VII Conference held in Panaji, Goa from 8–10 April
✅ Core states: Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat
✅ Special invitees: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Haryana
✅ Conference focused on democracy, good governance and legislative cooperation

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 Operation HimSetu
✅ Indian Army launches Operation HimSetu in North Sikkim
✅ More than 1,400 people rescued after landslides and collapse of a bridge near Lachen
✅ Operation aimed at evacuating stranded civilians and restoring connectivity

📍 CAPF Administration Act, 2026 Notified
✅ President Droupadi Murmu notifies CAPF Administration Act, 2026
✅ Creates a common administrative framework for CAPFs
📍 Forces Covered
✅ Central Reserve Police Force
✅ Border Security Force
✅ Central Industrial Security Force
✅ Indo-Tibetan Border Police
✅ Sashastra Seema Bal
✅ IPS officers will continue to head these forces through deputation

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 108th Anniversary of Champaran Satyagraha
✅ Nation marks 108 years of Champaran Satyagraha
✅ Started on 11 April 1917 in Bihar under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi
✅ Farmers were forced to grow indigo under the Tinkathia system
✅ It became Gandhi’s first major success in India and marked the beginning of mass movements

📍 Birth Anniversary of Jyotiba Phule
✅ Nation pays tribute to Jyotirao Phule on his birth anniversary
✅ Born on 11 April 1827
✅ Worked for women’s education, social equality and abolition of caste discrimination

📍 Myanmar
✅ Min Aung Hlaing sworn in as elected President of Myanmar

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 Gaganyaan IADT-02 Test
✅ Indian Space Research Organisation successfully conducts IADT-02 under the Gaganyaan mission
✅ Test carried out at Satish Dhawan Space Centre
✅ Objective: test safe descent and landing of crew module
✅ Crew module weighing 5.7 tonnes dropped from around 3 km height using an Indian Air Force Chinook helicopter
✅ Test validated parachute and recovery systems near Sriharikota

🔆 SPORTS

📍 India Wins 16 Medals at Asian Boxing Championships
✅ India finishes with 16 medals at Asian Boxing Championships 2026 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
📍 Medal Tally
✅ Gold: 5
✅ Silver: 3
✅ Bronze: 8
✅ India finished 2nd overall behind Kazakhstan
✅ India, however, recorded the highest total medal count
📍 Key Highlight
✅ Vishvanath Suresh wins gold in 50 kg category after defeating Japan’s Daichi Iwai 5–0
✅ It is India’s first men’s Asian boxing title in 5 years
✅ Indian women contributed 10 medals, including 4 golds, marking a historic performance

#CurrentAffairs

🔆 National Blockchain Framework (NBF)

📍 Launch
✅ Launched in 2024.
✅ Hosted at the data centres of the National Informatics Centre in Bhubaneswar, Pune and Hyderabad.

📍 Aim
✅ To create a secure, unified and interoperable blockchain infrastructure for governance and public service delivery.

📍 Implemented By
✅ Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology

📍 Key Ecosystem Components

✅ Vishvasya Blockchain Stack
➡️ Indigenous modular platform providing:
• Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS)
• Distributed infrastructure
• Open APIs for e-governance integration

✅ NBFLite
➡️ Blockchain sandbox used to test and validate blockchain prototypes.

✅ Praamaanik
➡️ Blockchain-based mobile application verification system.
➡️ Designed to authenticate genuine applications and prevent fake or malicious software.

✅ National Blockchain Portal
➡️ Unified digital interface to promote blockchain adoption across government and industry.

📍 Major Features
✅ Built on a permissioned blockchain network.
✅ Enables Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS).
✅ Supports secure and interoperable e-governance applications.
✅ Promotes indigenous blockchain ecosystem development.

#goverment_schemes

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🔆 Indus Script

📍 What is it?
✅ The Indus Script was the writing system used by the Indus Valley Civilization.

📍 Medium
✅ The script is predominantly found on:
➡️ Seals
➡️ Pottery
➡️ Amulets
➡️ Tablets
➡️ Larger objects such as signboards

📍 Nature of Script
✅ It is considered a pictographic script containing iconographic motifs and symbolic signs.
✅ Common motifs include:
➡️ Bulls
➡️ Elephants
➡️ Fish
➡️ Rhinoceroses
➡️ Tigers
✅ These may represent religious or cultural symbolism.

📍 Writing Style
✅ The script was generally written from right to left.
✅ In some cases, it followed the boustrophedon style, where alternate lines run in opposite directions.

📍 Signs and Symbols
✅ The script includes:
➡️ Lines
➡️ Triangles
➡️ Circles
➡️ Other abstract symbols

📍 Decipherment
✅ The Indus Script remains undeciphered despite extensive archaeological and linguistic research.

📍 Important Sites and Evidence

✅ Harappa
➡️ Seals and pottery inscriptions with religious and administrative symbols
➡️ Animal designs such as bulls, unicorns and fishes

✅ Mohenjo-daro
➡️ Seals and pottery inscriptions with animal figures and geometric patterns

✅ Dholavira
➡️ Famous for a 10-symbol sandstone signboard
➡️ Indicates planned urban design and public messaging

✅ Lothal
➡️ Seals and tools with inscriptions suggest active trade and commerce

#history #prelims #mains

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 13 APRIL 2026

🔆 BANKING & FINANCE

📍 10 Years of UPI
✅ National Payments Corporation of India developed UPI in 2016; regulated by Reserve Bank of India
✅ UPI enables instant 24×7 transfer through mobile number, QR code or UPI ID

📍 Recent UPI Innovations
✅ Reserve Pay: AI-powered autonomous payments
✅ Biometric Authentication: Face ID / fingerprint-based payments up to ₹5,000
✅ UPI Circle: Delegated payments for minors and senior citizens
✅ Credit Line on UPI (CLOU): Micro-credit access through UPI
✅ Hello UPI: Voice-based UPI payments
✅ BillPay Connect: Chat-based bill payments
✅ UPI Tap & Pay: NFC-enabled payments
✅ UPI Lite X: Offline wallet using NFC
✅ UPI-enabled ATM cash withdrawal without card

📍 UPI Global Reach
✅ UPI now operational in:
➡ United Arab Emirates
➡ Singapore
➡ Bhutan
➡ Nepal
➡ Sri Lanka
➡ France
➡ Mauritius
➡ Qatar
✅ IMF and World Bank describe UPI as a global model for digital payments

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 Seattle Installs Swami Vivekananda Statue
✅ Seattle becomes the first US city government to install a life-size statue of Swami Vivekananda
✅ Statue installed at Westlake Square Park in downtown Seattle
✅ Symbolises India–US cultural ties and India’s spiritual heritage

📍 IMF–World Bank Spring Meetings 2026
✅ Finance ministers and central bank governors from 191 countries to attend Spring Meetings in Washington DC from 13–18 April
✅ Theme: “Building prosperity through policy”
✅ Key issues: global growth, financial stability and poverty reduction
✅ World Bank also approved:
➡ $830 million loan to modernise India’s ITIs
➡ Projects in Assam for roads, education and governance
➡ $280 million programme for Kerala’s digital health system

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 Indian Railways Approves 100 Expansion Projects
✅ Indian Railways approves 100 projects in 2025–26 under PM Gati Shakti
✅ Total investment: ₹1.53 lakh crore
✅ Total route coverage: 6,000+ km
📍 Key Works
✅ New railway lines
✅ Doubling and multitracking
✅ Other infrastructure works
✅ Project approvals increased by 56% compared to last year

📍 India Ranks 4th in Global Tech Funding
✅ According to Tracxn, India raised $11.7 billion in startup funding in FY26
✅ India ranked 4th globally after the US, UK and China
📍 Key Highlights
✅ 13 funding deals above $100 million
✅ 47 IPOs, up 52% from FY25
✅ 6 new unicorns created
✅ Bengaluru led with 33% share, followed by Mumbai with 21%

📍 Justice Yashwant Varma Resigns
✅ Yashwant Varma submits resignation to the President
✅ Removal of Supreme Court and High Court judges is governed by Articles 124 and 218 and the Judges Inquiry Act, 1968
✅ Impeachment motion requires:
➡ 100 Lok Sabha MPs or 50 Rajya Sabha MPs
➡ Investigation by a 3-member committee
➡ Special majority in both Houses

📍 Indian Constitution in Sindhi
✅ Vice President releases updated Constitution of India in Sindhi language
✅ Sindhi was added to the Eighth Schedule through the 21st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1967
✅ Constitution was originally drafted in English and later translated into Hindi by a committee led by Ghanshyam Das Gupta

📍 Rice Export Inspection Relaxed
✅ India relaxes rice export inspection rules for some European countries
✅ Relaxation announced through Export Inspection Council
✅ EIC works under the Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act, 1963 under Ministry of Commerce and Industry

📍 India Pharma 2026
✅ India Pharma 2026 to be held in New Delhi on 13–14 April
✅ Organised by Department of Pharmaceuticals with Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry and Indian Pharmaceutical Alliance
✅ Theme: “Discover in India: Leapfrogging Life-Sciences Innovation”

📍 Vantara University
✅ Vantara University to be established in Jamnagar on vision of Anant Ambani
✅ Claimed to be the world’s first integrated global university for wildlife and veterinary sciences
✅ Focus: wildlife medicine, conservation and ethical animal care

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 Exercise DUSTLIK 2026
✅ Indian Army contingent of 60 personnel departs for 7th edition of Exercise DUSTLIK in Uzbekistan

✅ Annual India–Uzbekistan military exercise will continue till 25 April 2026

📍 Indian Navy Commanders’ Conference 2026
✅ Indian Navy to host first edition of Commanders’ Conference in New Delhi
✅ Focus areas:
➡ Operational readiness
➡ Maritime security strategy
➡ National maritime interests

🔆 STATES

📍 ‘Nila’ Robot Welcomes Voters in Puducherry
✅ Puducherry Election Commission deploys humanoid robot “Nila” at polling booth
✅ First time a robot is being used in an Assembly election in India
✅ Robot wore a traditional saree and was developed by Robo Mirror to attract young and first-time voters

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 National Safe Motherhood Day — 11 April
✅ Theme 2026: “Equity in Maternal Healthcare: Leaving No Mother Behind”
✅ Focus on equal access to healthcare for all women irrespective of socio-economic background

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 India Develops 3D-Printed Mars Radiation Shield
✅ AAKA Space Studio develops Asia’s first 3D-printed radiation shield for Mars habitats
✅ Shield tested in an analog space mission
✅ Designed to protect astronauts from cosmic and solar radiation on Mars

📍 NASA Completes Artemis II Mission
✅ National Aeronautics and Space Administration successfully completes Artemis II crew return mission
✅ Orion spacecraft splashed down in Pacific Ocean on 11 April
✅ First crewed Moon mission in more than 50 years
✅ Crew included:
➡ Reid Wiseman
➡ Victor Glover
➡ Christina Koch
➡ Jeremy Hansen

🔆 SPORTS

📍 Monte-Carlo Masters 2026
✅ Jannik Sinner defeats Carlos Alcaraz to win Monte-Carlo Masters 2026
✅ Score: 7–6, 6–3
✅ Jannik Sinner returns to World No. 1 ranking

📍 Asian Wrestling Championships 2026
✅ India concludes campaign with 17 medals at Asian Wrestling Championships in Bishkek
✅ Medal tally: 2 Gold, 7 Silver, 8 Bronze
📍 Final Day Highlights
✅ Aman Sehrawat wins silver in 61 kg freestyle
✅ Mukul Dahiya wins silver in 86 kg freestyle
✅ Dinesh wins bronze in 125 kg category

#CurrentAffairs

Equality was his mission. Justice was his voice.

Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar transformed struggle into strength and gave India its foundation of fairness and rights

Womaniya Initiative: A Dedicated Platform for Women Entrepreneur

What is SWAYATT?

SWAYATT (Startups, Women & Youth Advantage Through e-Transactions) is an initiative of the Government e-Marketplace launched in February 2019 to promote inclusive participation in public procurement. The initiative focuses on enabling startups, women entrepreneurs, youth, Micro & Small Enterprises (MSEs), Self-Help Groups (SHGs), and marginalized communities to access government markets. SWAYATT aims to remove entry barriers and enhance ease of doing business for these groups on the GeM platform

What is GeM?

Government e Marketplace (GeM) is an online platform that facilitates end-to-end procurement of goods and services by various Central/State Ministries, departments, organizations, public sector undertakings, Panchayats and Cooperatives. GeM, launched in 2016 under the vision of “Minimum Government, Maximum Governance,” is a paperless, cashless and contactless platform enabling Government buyers to directly procure goods and services from pan-India sellers online

🔆 Buddhist Sangha (Monastic Order)

📍 Community Structure
✅ Organized group of monks (bhikkhus) & nuns (bhikkhunis)

📍 Notable Figure
✅ Mahapajapati Gotami – First woman to join the Sangha

📍 Textual Source
✅ Vinaya Pitaka – Contains monastic rules

🔆 Ajivika Philosophy – Key Idea Only

📍 Founder
✅ Makkhali Gosala

📍 Core Belief System
✅ Strict determinism — belief in destiny (Niyati)
✅ Rejects karma — everything is preordained, no role of karma in liberation

📍 Path to Salvation
✅ Liberation is automatic through cycles of rebirth, no conscious effort required

🔆 Mirabai (1498–1546 CE)

📍 Early Life
✅ Born in Merta
✅ Married to Bhoj Raj, son of Rana Sanga of Mewar
✅ Renounced royal life to live as a wandering devotee of Krishna

📍 Bhakti & Philosophy
✅ Leading female saint-poet of the Bhakti movement
✅ Advocate of Saguna Bhakti (devotion to a personal God)
✅ Composed devotional songs expressing intense love for Krishna
✅ Famous work: Rag-Govind

📍 Social Message
✅ Disciple of Raidas
✅ Rejected caste hierarchy and social orthodoxy
✅ Spiritual equality over ritualism

📍 Legacy
✅ Songs widely sung in Rajasthan and Gujarat
✅ Popular among marginalised and underprivileged communities
✅ Symbol of devotion, courage, and social defiance

#history #prelims #mains

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