🔆 Six Sites in India’s UNESCO Tentative List

📍 Context
✅ India has proposed six culturally and naturally significant sites for inclusion in UNESCO’s Tentative List — a prerequisite for World Heritage nomination.

📍 1. Kanger Valley National Park (Chhattisgarh)
✅ Location: Bastar district
✅ Named after: Kanger River
✅ Features:
• Karst topography
• Limestone caves
• Tirathgarh Waterfalls

📍 2. Mudumal Megalithic Menhirs (Telangana)
✅ Located near: Krishna River
✅ Type: Megalithic astronomical observatory
✅ Key facts:
• Menhir = upright standing stone
• Age: ~3,500–4,000 years old

📍 3. Ashokan Edict Sites along Mauryan Routes
✅ Spread across multiple regions
✅ Includes:
• Major Rock Edicts
• Minor Rock Edicts
• Pillar Edicts
• Cave inscriptions
✅ Period: 3rd century BCE (Maurya Emperor Ashoka)

📍 4. Chausath Yogini Temples
✅ Locations: Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha
✅ Key features:
• 64 Yogini sculptures
• Linked to Tantric worship
• Mostly circular temples
• Exceptions (rectangular): Khajuraho, Badoh, Rikhiyan

📍 5. Gupta Temples in North India
✅ Architectural significance:
• Blend of Nagara + Dravida styles
• Buddhist and Hindu influences
✅ Structural features:
• Square plan
• Flat roof
• Circumambulatory path
• Low-height shikhara
✅ Materials: Sun-dried bricks, terracotta, sandstone

📍 6. Palace–Fortresses of the Bundelas
✅ Includes six sites:
• Garhkundar Fort
• Raja Mahal
• Jahangir Mahal
• Datia Palace
• Jhansi Fort
• Dhubela Palace
✅ Architecture:
• Fusion of Rajput and Mughal styles

#prelims
#art_and_culture

https://t.me/Studytoday1
https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture

ISRO PYQ THEMES

Upsc prelims accelerator program click here

Haryana civil services HCS

Prelims 26.04.2026
Main 27.06.2026
Interviews Aug/Sept 2026

Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

🔆 Moei River (River in News)

📍 Context
✅ Promises of data-entry jobs have reportedly drawn Indian youth across the Moei River into alleged cyber-fraud compounds in Myanmar
✅ The river has emerged as a hotspot for cross-border illicit activities along the Thailand–Myanmar border

📍 About Moei River
✅ Source: Emerges from the eastern slopes of the Tenasserim Hills in Myanmar, near the Thailand border
✅ Alternate name: Known as Tong Yin River in Burmese
✅ Length: ~327 km
✅ Flow pattern: Unlike most rivers in Thailand, it flows north-westwards
✅ Border role: Forms a natural boundary between Thailand and Myanmar

📍 River System
✅ Tributary of: Salween River
✅ Confluence detail: Yuan River joins its left bank ~7 km before meeting the Salween

📍 Key Towns Along the Banks
✅ Mae Sot (Thailand)
✅ Myawaddy (Myanmar)

📍 Why in News Matters
✅ Border towns along the Moei River have become transit points for:
• Cyber-fraud operations
• Human trafficking
• Illegal cross-border movement

#places_in_news

Join https://t.me/Mapping_prelims_mains

Day 33: 20 January target:

Art and culture
Topics:
Religion
Bhakti movements
Schools of philosophy
Dances, puppetry
Science and technology through ages
Misc.
PYQs

Current Affairs: November 2025
Social Issues
History, art and culture related

#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.

https://t.me/CSE_EXAM
https://t.me/upsc_answer_written

RBI Grade-B Phase-II Result Out

JPSC - Civil Service Examination for 142 Posts

Prelims Exam: March 08
Mains Exam: May 02, 03 & 04
Interview: June 16, 17, 18 & 19

#JPSC

Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

🔆 Rise of Nationalism in India

📍 Core Idea
✅ Indian nationalism emerged in the 19th century as a collective response to colonial rule, driven by political, economic, social, and cultural factors.

📍 Modern Education
✅ Spread of Western ideas like liberty, equality, nationalism
✅ English language enabled pan-Indian communication
✅ Creation of a new educated middle class

📍 Socio-Religious Reform Movements
✅ Attack on social evils (sati, caste rigidities, superstition)
✅ Revival of Indian pride and cultural self-confidence
✅ Reformers linked social reform with national awakening

📍 Political Unification under British Rule
✅ Single administrative system across India
✅ Uniform legal system
✅ Expansion of railways, post & telegraph → national integration

📍 Economic Exploitation
✅ Drain of wealth theory exposed colonial exploitation
✅ Deindustrialisation harmed artisans
✅ Agrarian distress due to revenue policies
➡️ Economic nationalism gained momentum

📍 Reactionary British Policies
✅ Vernacular Press Act – curb Indian opinion
✅ Arms Act – racial discrimination
✅ Ilbert Bill Controversy – exposed colonial arrogance
➡️ Strengthened anti-colonial unity

📍 Racial Discrimination
✅ Indians excluded from:
• Higher administrative posts
• Military positions
• Public spaces & clubs
➡️ Fostered shared sense of injustice

📍 Role of Press & Literature
✅ Growth of nationalist newspapers
✅ Patriotic literature spread political awareness
✅ Press became a platform for national debate

🔆 Outcome
✅ Transformation of regional grievances into pan-Indian nationalism
✅ Foundation laid for organised national movement in the late 19th century

#history #prelims #mains

Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history