Krishnadevaraya ( Vijaynagar)

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⏳100 days  left CSP26[ 24-05-26]
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⏳296 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
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⏳72 days Left HCS Prelims 26 April
⏳71 days Left bpsc mains 25 April
⏳58 days Left CDS1 /NDA 12 April
⏳46 days Left PPSC mains 1 April
⏳43 days left UPPSC mains 29 March
⏳25 days Left JPSC PRELIMS 8 March
⏳09 days CGPSC prelims 22 February

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🔆 IT (Intermediary Guidelines & Digital Media Ethics Code) Amendment Rules, 2026

📍 Why in News
✅ Government notified amendments to the 2021 IT Rules
✅ Tightens regulation of synthetically generated & AI-based content on digital platforms

📍 Key Provisions

✅ Legal Recognition of Synthetic Content (SGI)
➡️ First formal definition of Synthetically Generated Information (SGI) in India
➡️ Targets deepfakes & AI-generated impersonation
➡️ Excludes routine editing, academic & training material

✅ Mandatory Labelling
➡️ All SGI must be clearly marked as artificial
➡️ Embedded with metadata / unique identifiers
➡️ Platforms cannot allow removal/suppression of AI labels

✅ Obligations for Significant Social Media Intermediaries (SSMIs)
➡️ Must verify user declarations of synthetic content
➡️ Ensure clear disclosure before publication
⚠️ Non-compliance may lead to loss of Safe Harbour protection

➡️ Safe Harbour (Section 79, IT Act, 2000) protects intermediaries from liability for user-generated content

✅ Prohibited Content
➡️ Mandatory blocking of synthetic content involving:
• Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM)
• Non-Consensual Intimate Imagery (NCII)
• False documents
• Deceptive impersonation

✅ Faster Compliance Timelines
➡️ Takedown within 3 hours (earlier 36 hours)
➡️ Grievance redressal reduced to 7 days (earlier 15 days)

📍 Need to Curb AI-Generated Content & Deepfakes

✅ Disinformation & Deception
Erodes trust in digital ecosystems

✅ Cybersecurity Concerns
Rise in CSAM & NCII requires rapid traceable action

✅ Law Enforcement Clarity
Legal definition of SGI enables targeted regulation & faster takedowns

📍 Complementary Initiatives

✅ Legal Framework
➡️ Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023 – data misuse
➡️ Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) – forgery & misinformation

✅ Regulatory Measures
➡️ MeitY advisories (2023–25) on platform due diligence

✅ Institutional Mechanism
➡️ Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) monitors AI-driven threats

📌 UPSC Relevance
✅ GS-2 – Governance, Digital Regulation
✅ GS-3 – Cybersecurity & Emerging Technologies
✅ Important for Prelims (IT Act, Safe Harbour, Deepfakes)

#goverment_schemes

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🔆 Personality in News: Swami Dayanand Saraswati

📍 Why in News
✅ Remembered on his birth anniversary (12 February)

📍 Swami Dayanand Saraswati (1824–1883)

✅ Born in Gujarat
✅ Founder of Arya Samaj (1875)

📍 Social Reforms
✅ Opposed child marriage and enforced widowhood
✅ Advocated social equality & women’s upliftment
✅ Promoted return to the Vedas

📍 Educational Vision
✅ Favoured education emphasizing grammar, philosophy, Vedas, science, medicine, music & art
✅ Advocated a system blending traditional knowledge with modern learning

📍 Political Thought
✅ Envisioned a decentralised polity
➡️ A vast commonwealth with the village as the basic unit

📍 Literary & Spiritual Contributions
✅ Major Work: Satyartha Prakasha
✅ Propounded Traitavada (Vedic concept)
➡️ Belief in three eternal entities: Ishwara (God), Jiva (soul), Prakriti (matter)

📌 UPSC Relevance
✅ GS-1 – Modern Indian History (Socio-religious Reform Movements)
✅ Important for Prelims (Arya Samaj, works, philosophy)
✅ Useful for Essay on social reform & nationalism

🔆 समाचार में व्यक्तित्व: स्वामी दयानंद सरस्वती

📍 समाचार में क्यों
✅ उनकी जन्म जयंती (12 फरवरी) पर याद किया जाता है

📍 स्वामी दयानंद सरस्वती (1824–1883)

✅ गुजरात में जन्मे
✅ आर्य समाज (1875) के संस्थापक

📍 सामाजिक सुधार
✅ बाल विवाह और विधवा पुनर्विवाह के विरोधी
✅ सामाजिक समानता और महिलाओं के उत्थान के समर्थक
✅ वेदों की ओर लौटने का प्रचार किया

📍 शैक्षिक दृष्टिकोण
✅ व्याकरण, दर्शन, वेद, विज्ञान, चिकित्सा, संगीत और कला पर जोर देने वाली शिक्षा के पक्षधर
✅ परंपरागत ज्ञान और आधुनिक शिक्षा के संयोजन वाली प्रणाली के समर्थक

📍 राजनीतिक विचार
✅ विकेंद्रीकृत शासन की कल्पना की
➡️ एक विशाल कॉमनवेल्थ जिसमें गांव मूल इकाई हो

📍 साहित्यिक और आध्यात्मिक योगदान
✅ प्रमुख कृति: सत्यार्थ प्रकाश
✅ त्रैतवाद (वैदिक सिद्धांत) का प्रचार किया
➡️ तीन शाश्वत तत्वों में विश्वास: ईश्वर, जीव, प्रकृति

📌 यूपीएससी प्रासंगिकता
✅ GS-1 – आधुनिक भारतीय इतिहास (सामाजिक-धार्मिक सुधार आंदोलन)
✅ प्रिलिम्स (आर्य समाज, कृतियाँ, दर्शन) के लिए महत्वपूर्ण
✅ सामाजिक सुधार और राष्ट्रवाद पर निबंध के लिए उपयोगी

#history #prelims #mains

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Consumer price index

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🔆 Women Movements & Personalities in Modern India (UPSC High-Yield)

📍 Early Reform & National Awakening (1872–1917)

✅ 1872 – Early Feminist Movement
Dr. Rakhmabai
➡️ Legal battle against child marriage
➡️ Contributed to Age of Consent Act, 1891
➡️ Among the first female doctors in colonial India

✅ 1872 – Kuka Movement
Women of the Kuka Community (Punjab)
➡️ Actively protested against British rule

✅ 1905 – Partition of Bengal
Swarnakumari Devi, Sarala Devi Chaudhurani
➡️ Key role in Swadeshi Movement

✅ 1916 – Home Rule Movement
Annie Besant, Margaret Cousins
➡️ Led Home Rule League
➡️ Advocated women’s suffrage

✅ 1917 – Women’s Indian Association
Annie Besant, Dorothy Jinarajadasa, Margaret Cousins
➡️ Promoted women’s rights & social reforms

📍 Mass Movements Phase (1919–1935)

✅ 1919 – Rowlatt Satyagraha
Kasturba Gandhi, Sarojini Naidu
➡️ Protested against Rowlatt Act

✅ 1921 – Non-Cooperation Movement
Basanti Debi, Suniti Devi
➡️ First women arrested; promoted khadi & boycott

✅ 1925 – Trade Union Movements
Anasuya Sarabhai
➡️ Founded Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association

✅ 1927 – All India Women’s Conference (AIWC)
Margaret Cousins
➡️ Promoted women’s education & empowerment

✅ 1929 – Child Marriage Restraint Act (Sarda Act)
Muthulakshmi Reddi
➡️ Advocated legislation against child marriage

✅ 1930 – Salt Satyagraha
Sarojini Naidu, Mithuben Petit
➡️ Led Dharasana Salt Works raid

✅ 1930s – Revolutionary Movement
Santi Ghose, Suniti Chaudhuri
➡️ Involved in anti-British revolutionary actions

✅ 1930s – Civil Disobedience Movement
Usha Mehta, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
➡️ Ran Congress Radio
➡️ Promoted self-reliance & handicrafts

📍 Towards Independence (1942–1947)

✅ 1942 – Quit India Movement
Aruna Asaf Ali, Sucheta Kriplani, Matangini Hazra, Kasturba Gandhi, Parbati Giri, Bina Das
➡️ Hoisted national flag at Gowalia Tank
➡️ Organised protests; several became martyrs

✅ 1943 – Bengal Famine
Kalyani Das, Bina Das
➡️ Played key role in famine relief

✅ 1947 – Partition of India
Rameshwari Nehru, Mridula Sarabhai
➡️ Focused on refugee rehabilitation & women’s welfare

📌 UPSC Relevance
✅ GS-1 – Modern Indian History
✅ Important for women’s participation in freedom struggle
✅ Useful for Mains & Essay (Women Empowerment, Nationalism)

#history #prelims #mains

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🔆 Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)

📍 Overview
✅ IPRs are exclusive rights granted over inventions, designs, literary & artistic works, and trade symbols
✅ Allow creators to control use of their intellectual property for a limited period
✅ Nodal Ministry: Department for Promotion of Industry & Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce & Industry

📍 Categories of Intellectual Property Rights

✅ Copyrights
Protect literary, artistic & musical works
➡️ Governed by the Copyright Act, 1957

✅ Trademarks
Distinguish goods/services using names, symbols & logos
➡️ Governed by the Trade Marks Act, 1999

✅ Patents
Protect inventions for up to 20 years
➡️ Governed by the Patents Act, 1970 (amended 2005)
➡️ Prevents “evergreening” and ensures TRIPS compliance

✅ Industrial Designs
Protect aesthetic aspects of products
➡️ Governed by the Designs Act, 2000

✅ Trade Secrets
Protect confidential business information
➡️ No specific statute; protected under common law

✅ Geographical Indications (GI)
Identify products linked to a specific region & reputation
➡️ Governed by the GI of Goods (Registration & Protection) Act, 1999

✅ Plant Variety Protection
Protects new plant varieties
➡️ Governed by Protection of Plant Varieties & Farmers’ Rights (PPV&FR) Act, 2001
➡️ Balances breeders’ & farmers’ rights

📍 International Conventions Related to IPR

✅ TRIPS Agreement (WTO)
Sets minimum standards for IPR protection

✅ Lisbon Agreement (WIPO)
Protects Appellations of Origin

✅ Berne Convention
Ensures international copyright protection without formalities

✅ Paris Convention
Framework for industrial property protection (patents & trademarks)

✅ WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT)
Extends copyright protection to the digital environment

✅ Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
Simplifies international patent filing via a single application system

📌 UPSC Relevance
✅ GS-3 – IPR, Innovation & WTO
✅ Prelims – Acts & International Agreements
✅ Important for topics like TRIPS waiver & pharmaceutical patents

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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Ocean currents

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 13 FEB 2026

🔆 REGULATORY BODIES

📍 RBI – Digital Payments Index (DPI)
✅ Base Year: March 2018 = 100
✅ Sept 2025: 516.76 (↑ from 493.22 in March 2025)
✅ Highest weight: Payment Performance (45%)
📌 Indicates strong digital payment penetration

📍 Revised Kisan Credit Card (KCC) 2026 (Draft)
✅ Crop tenure: Short (12 months), Long (18 months)
✅ KCC tenure extended to 6 years
✅ Drawing limits aligned with Scale of Finance
✅ Tech expenses allowed (soil testing, weather services, GAP certification)


🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 WIPO – Global R&D Spending 2024
✅ India ranks 7th globally
✅ Global R&D: $2.87 trillion
✅ R&D share of global GDP ≈ 2%

📍 Cyclone Gezani – Madagascar
✅ Wind speed: 195+ km/h
✅ 2,700+ displaced

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 CPI Series (Base 2024 = 100) – MoSPI
✅ Headline Inflation: 2.75%
✅ Food Inflation: 2.13%
✅ Housing Inflation: 2.05%
📌 New structure: 12 divisions, 358 items (COICOP 2018)

📍 India’s First National Biobank (LSD Rare Diseases)
✅ Funded by DBT
✅ Covers 530 patients, 27 disorders
✅ Lead: FRIGE, Ahmedabad

📍 Bharat Bodhan AI Conclave 2026
✅ Launched Bodhan AI Centre of Excellence
✅ Focus: EduAI Stack, AI for School/Higher Education
✅ IIT Bombay–Columbia University MoU

📍 NITI Frontier Tech Hub Roadmap
✅ “Technology Services – Reimagination Ahead”
🎯 Scale tech services from $265B → $750–850B by 2035

📍 India to Get Two New Telescopes (Ladakh)
✅ NLST (2-metre solar telescope) – Merak
✅ NLOT (13.7-metre optical-infrared telescope)

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 DAC Clears ₹3.60 Lakh Crore Defence Proposals
✅ MRFA (Rafale), Combat Missiles
✅ Army vehicle overhaul (T-72, ICVs)
✅ Navy – P-8I Aircraft
✅ Coast Guard – 8 Dornier 228 (₹2,312 cr contract with HAL)

📍 Indian Navy Takes Command of CTF-154
✅ Under Combined Maritime Forces (47 nations)
✅ Commander: Commodore Milind M. Mokashi

🔆 MoUs

📍 MoES & Puducherry Govt
✅ Focus: Marine research, Blue Economy
✅ 6 areas: Fisheries, Offshore wind, Desalination, MSP
📅 Validity: 5 years

🔆 STATES

📍 Kerala – Sthree Suraksha Scheme
✅ ₹1,000/month pension
🎯 Women & transgender (35–60 yrs)

📍 Odisha Dolphin Census 2026
✅ 765 dolphins (highest in 5 years)
✅ Irrawaddy Dolphin – Endangered (IUCN)

🔆 SCHEMES (MoFPI)

📍 PMKSY – ₹6,520 crore
📍 PLISFPI – ₹10,900 crore
📍 PMFME – ₹10,000 crore
🎯 Strengthen food processing & supply chain

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📅 12 Feb – International Day for Prevention of Violent Extremism
Theme: Preventing Extremism in Age of Emerging Technologies

📅 13 Feb – World Radio Day
Theme 2026: Radio & AI: AI is a tool, not a voice

🔆 SCIENCE & TECH

📍 IN-SPACe Selects 3 Startups for Satellite Bus Platforms
✅ Astrome, Azista, Dhruva Space
✅ ₹5 crore grant each

🔆 SPORTS

📍 Asian Shooting Championships 2026
🥇 Aishwary Pratap Singh Tomar – World Record (362.0)
🥈 Niraj Kumar
🥉 Akhil Sheoran
🏆 India clean sweep in 50m

#CurrentAffairs

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🔆 Ballistic Missile vs Cruise Missile – Quick Comparison (Prelims Ready)

📍 Trajectory
✅ Ballistic Missile: Ballistic (projectile-like path)
✅ Cruise Missile: Atmospheric, guided flight

📍 Target Selection
✅ Ballistic: Predetermined targets
✅ Cruise: Can engage mobile targets

📍 Target Size
✅ Ballistic: Best for large targets
✅ Cruise: Small, precise, mobile targets

📍 Guidance
✅ Ballistic: Brief guided phase, mostly gravity-driven
✅ Cruise: Self-navigating throughout flight

📍 Altitude
✅ Ballistic: High elevation (exo/endo-atmospheric phases)
✅ Cruise: Very low altitude (terrain-hugging)

📍 Tracking
✅ Ballistic: Easier to track
✅ Cruise: Difficult to track due to low-altitude flight

📍 UPSC Relevance
✅ GS3 – Defence | Missile Technology | Security

📌 Prelims One-liner:
➡️ Cruise missiles fly low and guided, making them harder to detect, while ballistic missiles follow a high, ballistic trajectory suited for large targets.

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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RAS prelims strategy

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