🔆Gulf of Eilat:
✅It is also known as Gulf of Aqaba which is the northeastern extension of the Red Sea.
✅The northern portion of the Red Sea is divided by the Sinai Peninsula into the Gulf of Aqaba in the east and the Gulf of Suez in the west.
✅It is located along the southeastern edge of the Sinai Peninsula and to the west of the Arabian Peninsula.
✅It forms an integral part of the East African Rift System and was created by seismic activity along the Afro-Syrian Rift.
✅The Tiran Strait connects the Gulf of Aqaba with the Red Sea. It also serves as a connecting point between the continents of Asia and Africa.
✅It supports unique and diverse aquatic ecosystems and serves as a vital habitat for some of the world’s richest coral reefs.
✅It is bordered by the countries of Israel, Jordan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
✅Some of the major cities that are situated on the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba include Taba (Egypt), Eilat (Israel), and Aqaba (Jordan).
✅It is also known as Gulf of Aqaba which is the northeastern extension of the Red Sea.
✅The northern portion of the Red Sea is divided by the Sinai Peninsula into the Gulf of Aqaba in the east and the Gulf of Suez in the west.
✅It is located along the southeastern edge of the Sinai Peninsula and to the west of the Arabian Peninsula.
✅It forms an integral part of the East African Rift System and was created by seismic activity along the Afro-Syrian Rift.
✅The Tiran Strait connects the Gulf of Aqaba with the Red Sea. It also serves as a connecting point between the continents of Asia and Africa.
✅It supports unique and diverse aquatic ecosystems and serves as a vital habitat for some of the world’s richest coral reefs.
✅It is bordered by the countries of Israel, Jordan, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
✅Some of the major cities that are situated on the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba include Taba (Egypt), Eilat (Israel), and Aqaba (Jordan).
❤5👏1
UPSC 2025 Result Out || Meet the Top 3 Rankers #UPSC2025 #UPSCResult
https://youtube.com/shorts/QKEckEA89WA?si=EGa6dqnCjp1OUL-h
https://youtube.com/shorts/QKEckEA89WA?si=EGa6dqnCjp1OUL-h
❤5🔥1👌1
Meet UPSC 2025 Top 3 Toppers 🔥 AIR 1, AIR 2, AIR 3 #Anuj #Agnihotri #UPS...
https://youtube.com/shorts/ivsQYC8S00A?si=KNxiX_QCgVYO-57g
https://youtube.com/shorts/ivsQYC8S00A?si=KNxiX_QCgVYO-57g
❤6👍2👌1
🔆 Jainism – Key Facts
📍 Origin
✅ One of the most ancient religions of India.
✅ 24 Tirthankaras (spiritual teachers) guide humanity to liberation.
✅ 1st Tirthankara: Rishabhanatha
✅ 23rd Tirthankara: Parshvanatha
✅ 24th & last Tirthankara: Mahavira
✅ All Tirthankaras belonged to the Kshatriya clan.
📍 Mahavira (540–468 BCE)
✅ Parents:
• Father – Siddhartha
• Mother – Trishala
✅ Birthplace: Vaishali region of the Vajji Confederacy.
✅ Epithets: Nayaputta, Muni, Samana, Nigantha.
✅ Family:
• Wife – Yashoda
• Daughter – Priyadarshana (Anojja)
• Son-in-law – Jamali
✅ Enlightenment (Kevala Jnana): Attained at age 42 under a Sal tree near Rijupalika River.
✅ Language used: Ardha-Magadhi Prakrit for preaching.
✅ Death (Nirvana): At Pawapuri.
✅ First head of Jain Sangha: Sudharman.
📍 Philosophy of Jainism
✅ Meaning of Jain: Derived from “Jina” meaning conqueror (of passions).
✅ Core Principle – Ahimsa (Non-violence):
Practiced in an extreme form; emphasis on non-injury to all living beings.
✅ Soul (Jiva):
Everything possesses a soul — even plants and microscopic life.
✅ Karma:
Karma binds the soul and causes cycle of birth and rebirth.
✅ Concept of God:
Rejects the idea of a creator God; the universe is governed by natural laws.
✅ Liberation (Moksha):
Achieved through Right Faith, Right Knowledge, and Right Conduct (Three Jewels / Ratnatraya).
📍 Jain Practices
✅ Five Great Vows (Mahavratas):
• Ahimsa (Non-violence)
• Satya (Truth)
• Asteya (Non-stealing)
• Brahmacharya (Celibacy)
• Aparigraha (Non-possession)
✅ First Chief Disciple:
Indrabhuti Gautama, also called Gautam Swami.
✅ Sacred Texts: Agamas compiled by Mahavira’s disciples (Ganadharas).
📍 Important Practices & Festivals
✅ Sallekhana / Santhara: Ritual fasting leading to death in a spiritually disciplined manner.
✅ Mahamastakabhisheka: Grand Jain festival held every 12 years at
Shravanabelagola.
📍 Exam Pointers (UPSC Prelims)
✅ Triratna: Right Faith + Right Knowledge + Right Conduct
✅ Language of teachings: Ardha-Magadhi
✅ Nirvana place of Mahavira: Pawapuri
✅ Total Tirthankaras: 24
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
📍 Origin
✅ One of the most ancient religions of India.
✅ 24 Tirthankaras (spiritual teachers) guide humanity to liberation.
✅ 1st Tirthankara: Rishabhanatha
✅ 23rd Tirthankara: Parshvanatha
✅ 24th & last Tirthankara: Mahavira
✅ All Tirthankaras belonged to the Kshatriya clan.
📍 Mahavira (540–468 BCE)
✅ Parents:
• Father – Siddhartha
• Mother – Trishala
✅ Birthplace: Vaishali region of the Vajji Confederacy.
✅ Epithets: Nayaputta, Muni, Samana, Nigantha.
✅ Family:
• Wife – Yashoda
• Daughter – Priyadarshana (Anojja)
• Son-in-law – Jamali
✅ Enlightenment (Kevala Jnana): Attained at age 42 under a Sal tree near Rijupalika River.
✅ Language used: Ardha-Magadhi Prakrit for preaching.
✅ Death (Nirvana): At Pawapuri.
✅ First head of Jain Sangha: Sudharman.
📍 Philosophy of Jainism
✅ Meaning of Jain: Derived from “Jina” meaning conqueror (of passions).
✅ Core Principle – Ahimsa (Non-violence):
Practiced in an extreme form; emphasis on non-injury to all living beings.
✅ Soul (Jiva):
Everything possesses a soul — even plants and microscopic life.
✅ Karma:
Karma binds the soul and causes cycle of birth and rebirth.
✅ Concept of God:
Rejects the idea of a creator God; the universe is governed by natural laws.
✅ Liberation (Moksha):
Achieved through Right Faith, Right Knowledge, and Right Conduct (Three Jewels / Ratnatraya).
📍 Jain Practices
✅ Five Great Vows (Mahavratas):
• Ahimsa (Non-violence)
• Satya (Truth)
• Asteya (Non-stealing)
• Brahmacharya (Celibacy)
• Aparigraha (Non-possession)
✅ First Chief Disciple:
Indrabhuti Gautama, also called Gautam Swami.
✅ Sacred Texts: Agamas compiled by Mahavira’s disciples (Ganadharas).
📍 Important Practices & Festivals
✅ Sallekhana / Santhara: Ritual fasting leading to death in a spiritually disciplined manner.
✅ Mahamastakabhisheka: Grand Jain festival held every 12 years at
Shravanabelagola.
📍 Exam Pointers (UPSC Prelims)
✅ Triratna: Right Faith + Right Knowledge + Right Conduct
✅ Language of teachings: Ardha-Magadhi
✅ Nirvana place of Mahavira: Pawapuri
✅ Total Tirthankaras: 24
#history #prelims #mains
Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM https://t.me/Upsc_4_history
❤15👍1
Day 79 : 7 march target:
Backlogs
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
@upsc_answer_written
@CSE_EXAM
Backlogs
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
@upsc_answer_written
@CSE_EXAM
❤1
#Goodmorning
⏳78 days left CSP26[ 24-05-26]
⏳167 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳274 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳141 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳134 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳120 days left UKPSC PRELIMS 5 July
⏳93 days Left OPSC prelims 07 June
⏳93 days Left GPSC prelims 07 June
⏳86 days left MPSC (MH) prelims [ 31-05-26]
⏳RAS PRELIMS may
⏳50 days Left MPPSC (MP) Prelims 26 April
⏳50 days Left HCS Prelims 26 April
⏳49 days Left bpsc mains 25 April
⏳36 days days Left CDS1 /NDA/JPSC PRELIMS 12 April
⏳24 days Left PPSC mains 1 April ko hai
⏳21 days left UPPSC mains 29 March
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳78 days left CSP26[ 24-05-26]
⏳167 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳274 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳141 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳134 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳120 days left UKPSC PRELIMS 5 July
⏳93 days Left OPSC prelims 07 June
⏳93 days Left GPSC prelims 07 June
⏳86 days left MPSC (MH) prelims [ 31-05-26]
⏳RAS PRELIMS may
⏳50 days Left MPPSC (MP) Prelims 26 April
⏳50 days Left HCS Prelims 26 April
⏳49 days Left bpsc mains 25 April
⏳36 days days Left CDS1 /NDA/JPSC PRELIMS 12 April
⏳24 days Left PPSC mains 1 April ko hai
⏳21 days left UPPSC mains 29 March
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
❤3
🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 5 MARCH 2026
🔆 BANKING & FINANCE
📍 ADB Facts
✅ Established: 1966
✅ HQ: Manila, Philippines
✅ Members: 69
🔆 INTERNATIONAL
📍 Scotland Legalises Water Cremation
✅ First UK nation to approve alkaline hydrolysis
📍 Known as “Green Cremation”
📍 Third funeral option alongside
✅ Traditional burial
✅ Flame cremation
🔆 NATIONAL
📍 World Obesity Atlas 2026 Report
📊 India overtakes USA in childhood obesity
📍 Around 20 million children affected
📍 Current situation in India (2025)
✅ 14.9 million children (5–9 yrs) obese
✅ 26+ million adolescents (10–19 yrs) overweight or obese
📍 Countries expected with 10M+ high BMI children
✅ China
✅ India
✅ USA
📍 Dusky Eagle-Owl Sighting
🦉 Scientific name: Ketupa coromanda
📍 Location: Terai West Forest Division, Uttarakhand
📍 Sighted after ~15 years
🔆 DEFENCE
📍 DRDO Ghatak UCAV Programme
🚁 Indigenous Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle
📊 Around 60 units planned
📍 Indian Navy – Shoft Shipyard Contract
🚢 Contract for 4 self-propelled fuel barges
📍 Shipyard: Shoft Shipyard Pvt Ltd, Thane (Maharashtra)
🎯 Provide fuel supply to naval ships & submarines
📍 Operation Sankalp
⚓ Indian Navy warships deployed amid West Asia tensions
🎯 Prepared for Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief (HADR)
🔆 MoUs
📍 MRF – Tamil Nadu Government MoU
🏭 Greenfield manufacturing facility for automotive tyres
💰 Investment: ₹5,300 crore
📅 Implementation: 12 years
📍 UP Government – RailOne GmbH (Germany)
💰 MoU worth ₹200 crore
🎯 Modernise railway infrastructure in Uttar Pradesh
🔆 STATES
📍 Telangana SERP Initiative
🤝 Partnership with T-Hub, WE Hub & TBIS
💰 Launch of ₹12.66 crore Challenge Fund
🎯 Support women entrepreneurs
🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📅 Geological Survey of India Foundation Day
✅ 176th Foundation Day
📅 Observed: 4 March 2026
📅 World Obesity Day – 4 March
🎯 Theme 2026: “8 Billion Reasons to Change the Story”
📅 World Hearing Day – 3 March
📅 National Security Day (India) – 4 March
🔆 OBITUARY
🕊 Veteran journalist & former ambassador H.K. Dua passes away at 88
🔆 AWARDS / RECORDS
🏆 TU Wien (Austria) creates world’s smallest ceramic QR code
📏 Size: 2 µm²
🔆 SCIENCE & TECH
📍 NASA Artemis Programme Update
🚀 Programme restructured after delays
📍 Plan: Low-Earth orbit test before crewed lunar landing by 2028
🎯 Artemis III aims to land astronauts near Moon’s south pole
🔆 SPORTS
🏏 Indian Women’s Cricket Team nominated for
🏆 Laureus World Team of the Year 2026
#CurrentAffairs
Join https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
🔆 BANKING & FINANCE
📍 ADB Facts
✅ Established: 1966
✅ HQ: Manila, Philippines
✅ Members: 69
🔆 INTERNATIONAL
📍 Scotland Legalises Water Cremation
✅ First UK nation to approve alkaline hydrolysis
📍 Known as “Green Cremation”
📍 Third funeral option alongside
✅ Traditional burial
✅ Flame cremation
🔆 NATIONAL
📍 World Obesity Atlas 2026 Report
📊 India overtakes USA in childhood obesity
📍 Around 20 million children affected
📍 Current situation in India (2025)
✅ 14.9 million children (5–9 yrs) obese
✅ 26+ million adolescents (10–19 yrs) overweight or obese
📍 Countries expected with 10M+ high BMI children
✅ China
✅ India
✅ USA
📍 Dusky Eagle-Owl Sighting
🦉 Scientific name: Ketupa coromanda
📍 Location: Terai West Forest Division, Uttarakhand
📍 Sighted after ~15 years
🔆 DEFENCE
📍 DRDO Ghatak UCAV Programme
🚁 Indigenous Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle
📊 Around 60 units planned
📍 Indian Navy – Shoft Shipyard Contract
🚢 Contract for 4 self-propelled fuel barges
📍 Shipyard: Shoft Shipyard Pvt Ltd, Thane (Maharashtra)
🎯 Provide fuel supply to naval ships & submarines
📍 Operation Sankalp
⚓ Indian Navy warships deployed amid West Asia tensions
🎯 Prepared for Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief (HADR)
🔆 MoUs
📍 MRF – Tamil Nadu Government MoU
🏭 Greenfield manufacturing facility for automotive tyres
💰 Investment: ₹5,300 crore
📅 Implementation: 12 years
📍 UP Government – RailOne GmbH (Germany)
💰 MoU worth ₹200 crore
🎯 Modernise railway infrastructure in Uttar Pradesh
🔆 STATES
📍 Telangana SERP Initiative
🤝 Partnership with T-Hub, WE Hub & TBIS
💰 Launch of ₹12.66 crore Challenge Fund
🎯 Support women entrepreneurs
🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📅 Geological Survey of India Foundation Day
✅ 176th Foundation Day
📅 Observed: 4 March 2026
📅 World Obesity Day – 4 March
🎯 Theme 2026: “8 Billion Reasons to Change the Story”
📅 World Hearing Day – 3 March
📅 National Security Day (India) – 4 March
🔆 OBITUARY
🕊 Veteran journalist & former ambassador H.K. Dua passes away at 88
🔆 AWARDS / RECORDS
🏆 TU Wien (Austria) creates world’s smallest ceramic QR code
📏 Size: 2 µm²
🔆 SCIENCE & TECH
📍 NASA Artemis Programme Update
🚀 Programme restructured after delays
📍 Plan: Low-Earth orbit test before crewed lunar landing by 2028
🎯 Artemis III aims to land astronauts near Moon’s south pole
🔆 SPORTS
🏏 Indian Women’s Cricket Team nominated for
🏆 Laureus World Team of the Year 2026
#CurrentAffairs
Join https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
❤7
❤5
🔆 GREEN PARADOX — Urban Heat & Tree Plantation
📍 What’s the issue?
✅ Cities are heating up due to climate change + urban heat islands
✅ Tree plantation is promoted as a nature-based cooling solution — but results vary
📍 Key finding (Global study | Science Advances)
✅ Introduces Temperature Regulation Capability (TRC)
➡️ TRC = Vegetated area temperature − Built-up area temperature
➡️ Negative TRC = cooling, Positive TRC = warming
📍 What did the study find?
✅ Vegetation cooled cities in most cases
❌ Dry / arid cities showed warming instead of cooling
✅ Grasslands cooled built-up areas in 78% cities
✅ Trees cooled in 98% cities, but ~25% dry cities saw warming
⚠️ In arid zones, low water → weak evapotranspiration → reduced cooling
📍 Why the paradox?
✅ Vegetation cools via evapotranspiration
❌ In water-scarce cities, this process weakens
❌ Vegetation may absorb more sunlight than concrete
❌ Extreme heat reduces plant water loss → less cooling
📍 Core takeaway
⚠️ Planting trees is not a universal solution
⚠️ Misguided greening can worsen urban warming
✅ Urban planning must be climate- and water-context specific
🔆 Mains Question
📍 “Urban greening is often projected as a solution to rising city temperatures, yet recent studies highlight a ‘green paradox’.” Examine the statement with suitable examples.
#GS1 #GS3 #Environment
📍 What’s the issue?
✅ Cities are heating up due to climate change + urban heat islands
✅ Tree plantation is promoted as a nature-based cooling solution — but results vary
📍 Key finding (Global study | Science Advances)
✅ Introduces Temperature Regulation Capability (TRC)
➡️ TRC = Vegetated area temperature − Built-up area temperature
➡️ Negative TRC = cooling, Positive TRC = warming
📍 What did the study find?
✅ Vegetation cooled cities in most cases
❌ Dry / arid cities showed warming instead of cooling
✅ Grasslands cooled built-up areas in 78% cities
✅ Trees cooled in 98% cities, but ~25% dry cities saw warming
⚠️ In arid zones, low water → weak evapotranspiration → reduced cooling
📍 Why the paradox?
✅ Vegetation cools via evapotranspiration
❌ In water-scarce cities, this process weakens
❌ Vegetation may absorb more sunlight than concrete
❌ Extreme heat reduces plant water loss → less cooling
📍 Core takeaway
⚠️ Planting trees is not a universal solution
⚠️ Misguided greening can worsen urban warming
✅ Urban planning must be climate- and water-context specific
🔆 Mains Question
📍 “Urban greening is often projected as a solution to rising city temperatures, yet recent studies highlight a ‘green paradox’.” Examine the statement with suitable examples.
#GS1 #GS3 #Environment
❤9👍1
🔆 Moonshot Project on Brain Co-processors
📍 Why in Focus?
The Indian Institute of Science in collaboration with Pratiksha Trust has launched a Moonshot project to develop advanced brain co-processors for neurological rehabilitation.
📍 About the Moonshot Project
✅ Aim: Develop implantable and non-invasive brain co-processors capable of:
• Decoding neural signals from brain recordings
• Processing the signals using AI
• Re-encoding them back into the brain via neural stimulation
✅ Primary Objective:
Restore reach and grasp ability in stroke survivors.
📍 What are Brain Co-processors?
✅ AI-powered bidirectional neural interfaces that:
• Decode brain signals
• Analyse neural activity
• Re-encode signals into the brain
✅ Go beyond conventional Brain Computer Interface (BCI).
✅ Target the complete cognitive loop, including:
• Perception
• Attention
• Decision-making
• Motor control
📍 Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS)
✅ A technique that modulates brain activity without surgery.
✅ Key Methods:
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
• Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)
✅ Used for research and treatment of:
• Neurological disorders
• Psychiatric conditions
• Neurodegenerative diseases
📍 Concerns & Challenges
⚠️ Neural data privacy: Risk of misuse of sensitive brain data.
⚠️ Safety risks: Long-term effects of neural implants and stimulation remain uncertain.
⚠️ Potential misuse: Could be used for cognitive enhancement or surveillance.
⚠️ Regulation required: Need for strong ethical oversight and regulatory frameworks.
📍 Exam Pointer
✅ Brain co-processors → AI-based neural interfaces restoring brain functions.
✅ Use both implantable and non-invasive stimulation techniques.
✅ Major applications → stroke rehabilitation and neurological disorders.
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
📍 Why in Focus?
The Indian Institute of Science in collaboration with Pratiksha Trust has launched a Moonshot project to develop advanced brain co-processors for neurological rehabilitation.
📍 About the Moonshot Project
✅ Aim: Develop implantable and non-invasive brain co-processors capable of:
• Decoding neural signals from brain recordings
• Processing the signals using AI
• Re-encoding them back into the brain via neural stimulation
✅ Primary Objective:
Restore reach and grasp ability in stroke survivors.
📍 What are Brain Co-processors?
✅ AI-powered bidirectional neural interfaces that:
• Decode brain signals
• Analyse neural activity
• Re-encode signals into the brain
✅ Go beyond conventional Brain Computer Interface (BCI).
✅ Target the complete cognitive loop, including:
• Perception
• Attention
• Decision-making
• Motor control
📍 Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS)
✅ A technique that modulates brain activity without surgery.
✅ Key Methods:
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
• Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)
✅ Used for research and treatment of:
• Neurological disorders
• Psychiatric conditions
• Neurodegenerative diseases
📍 Concerns & Challenges
⚠️ Neural data privacy: Risk of misuse of sensitive brain data.
⚠️ Safety risks: Long-term effects of neural implants and stimulation remain uncertain.
⚠️ Potential misuse: Could be used for cognitive enhancement or surveillance.
⚠️ Regulation required: Need for strong ethical oversight and regulatory frameworks.
📍 Exam Pointer
✅ Brain co-processors → AI-based neural interfaces restoring brain functions.
✅ Use both implantable and non-invasive stimulation techniques.
✅ Major applications → stroke rehabilitation and neurological disorders.
#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology
Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology
❤2👍1
🔆 Important Sun Temples in India
📍 1. Modhera Sun Temple – Gujarat
✅ Built in the 11th century during the Solanki dynasty.
✅ Dedicated to Surya (Sun God).
✅ Famous for the Surya Kund (stepwell) and intricate carvings.
📍 2. Konark Sun Temple – Odisha
✅ Built by Narasimhadeva I in the 13th century.
✅ Designed as a giant chariot (Rath) of the Sun God with 24 carved wheels.
✅ Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
📍 3. Brahmanya Dev Temple – Madhya Pradesh (Unao)
✅ Dedicated to the Sun God and known for historical significance.
📍 4. Suriyanar Kovil – Tamil Nadu
✅ Built in the 11th century in Dravidian architectural style.
✅ Unique temple with shrines for Navagraha (nine celestial bodies).
✅ Known for its five-tiered Gopuram.
📍 5. Sri Suryanarayana Swamy Temple Arasavalli – Andhra Pradesh
✅ Believed to be built by a Kalinga ruler in the 7th century.
✅ Idol made of granite holding a lotus.
📍 6. Dakshinaarka Sun Temple – Bihar
✅ Built in the 13th century by Prataparudra.
✅ Idol shows Persian-style attire (boots, jacket, girdle).
✅ Nearby Surya Kund (sacred water tank).
📍 7. Navlakha Temple Ghumli – Gujarat
✅ Built in the 11th century in Solanki / Maru-Gurjara architecture.
✅ East-facing temple built on a large platform.
📍 8. Surya Pahar – Assam
✅ Important archaeological site with Sun worship remains and temples.
📍 9. Martand Sun Temple – Jammu & Kashmir
✅ Built by Lalitaditya Muktapida in the 8th century.
✅ One of the earliest and grandest Sun temples in India.
📍 Exam Pointer (UPSC)
✅ Konark – Odisha – Chariot architecture
✅ Modhera – Gujarat – Surya Kund
✅ Martand – Kashmir – Karkota dynasty
✅ Suriyanar Kovil – Navagraha temple
#prelims
#art_and_culture
https://t.me/Studytoday1
https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture
📍 1. Modhera Sun Temple – Gujarat
✅ Built in the 11th century during the Solanki dynasty.
✅ Dedicated to Surya (Sun God).
✅ Famous for the Surya Kund (stepwell) and intricate carvings.
📍 2. Konark Sun Temple – Odisha
✅ Built by Narasimhadeva I in the 13th century.
✅ Designed as a giant chariot (Rath) of the Sun God with 24 carved wheels.
✅ Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
📍 3. Brahmanya Dev Temple – Madhya Pradesh (Unao)
✅ Dedicated to the Sun God and known for historical significance.
📍 4. Suriyanar Kovil – Tamil Nadu
✅ Built in the 11th century in Dravidian architectural style.
✅ Unique temple with shrines for Navagraha (nine celestial bodies).
✅ Known for its five-tiered Gopuram.
📍 5. Sri Suryanarayana Swamy Temple Arasavalli – Andhra Pradesh
✅ Believed to be built by a Kalinga ruler in the 7th century.
✅ Idol made of granite holding a lotus.
📍 6. Dakshinaarka Sun Temple – Bihar
✅ Built in the 13th century by Prataparudra.
✅ Idol shows Persian-style attire (boots, jacket, girdle).
✅ Nearby Surya Kund (sacred water tank).
📍 7. Navlakha Temple Ghumli – Gujarat
✅ Built in the 11th century in Solanki / Maru-Gurjara architecture.
✅ East-facing temple built on a large platform.
📍 8. Surya Pahar – Assam
✅ Important archaeological site with Sun worship remains and temples.
📍 9. Martand Sun Temple – Jammu & Kashmir
✅ Built by Lalitaditya Muktapida in the 8th century.
✅ One of the earliest and grandest Sun temples in India.
📍 Exam Pointer (UPSC)
✅ Konark – Odisha – Chariot architecture
✅ Modhera – Gujarat – Surya Kund
✅ Martand – Kashmir – Karkota dynasty
✅ Suriyanar Kovil – Navagraha temple
#prelims
#art_and_culture
https://t.me/Studytoday1
https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture
❤4
Yesterday felt heavy.
When results come out, people only see a list of names.
What they don’t see is the years behind those names.
The sacrifices.
The discipline.
The silent struggles.
The nights when someone studied despite exhaustion.
The mornings when they started again despite fear.
This time, some students I truly believed in could not make it through the interview stage.
And honestly, it hurts.
But that’s the reality of this exam.
The UPSC journey is brutal.
Sometimes people do everything right and still fall short.
Sometimes the difference between success and failure is just a few marks.
Many of you already know this reality.
Some have cleared Prelims multiple times but not Mains.
Some have reached Mains but not Interview.
Some are still fighting to clear Prelims despite working harder than most people around them.
That is what makes this journey different.
Right now, we have 77 days left for Prelims.
Seventy-seven days.
That is not a short time.
That is a battle window.
And I know many of you reading this are capable of clearing this stage.
Not just Prelims.
Some of you have the potential to reach the final list one day.
But remember one thing:
Potential does not create ranks.
Relentless effort does.
This exam does not reward half-hearted preparation.
It demands
Intensity.
Consistency.
Calmness under pressure.
Sometimes we have to become a little stoic.
You accept the setback.
You absorb the disappointment.
And then you return to work.
That is the only way forward.
To every aspirant reading this who feels this message is meant for them —
Yes, I’m talking to you.
I believe in you.
I have seen your effort.
I have seen your discipline.
I know what you are capable of.
But belief alone is not enough.
Now we must convert it into results.
These next 77 days matter.
Every day matters.
Every revision matters.
Every mock test matters.
If you are still in this journey —
Give it everything you have.
Because there is no other way.
Let’s stand up again.
Let’s prepare harder.
Let’s push through the doubt.
And this time —
Let’s fight for that rank. 🔥
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
When results come out, people only see a list of names.
What they don’t see is the years behind those names.
The sacrifices.
The discipline.
The silent struggles.
The nights when someone studied despite exhaustion.
The mornings when they started again despite fear.
This time, some students I truly believed in could not make it through the interview stage.
And honestly, it hurts.
But that’s the reality of this exam.
The UPSC journey is brutal.
Sometimes people do everything right and still fall short.
Sometimes the difference between success and failure is just a few marks.
Many of you already know this reality.
Some have cleared Prelims multiple times but not Mains.
Some have reached Mains but not Interview.
Some are still fighting to clear Prelims despite working harder than most people around them.
That is what makes this journey different.
Right now, we have 77 days left for Prelims.
Seventy-seven days.
That is not a short time.
That is a battle window.
And I know many of you reading this are capable of clearing this stage.
Not just Prelims.
Some of you have the potential to reach the final list one day.
But remember one thing:
Potential does not create ranks.
Relentless effort does.
This exam does not reward half-hearted preparation.
It demands
Intensity.
Consistency.
Calmness under pressure.
Sometimes we have to become a little stoic.
You accept the setback.
You absorb the disappointment.
And then you return to work.
That is the only way forward.
To every aspirant reading this who feels this message is meant for them —
Yes, I’m talking to you.
I believe in you.
I have seen your effort.
I have seen your discipline.
I know what you are capable of.
But belief alone is not enough.
Now we must convert it into results.
These next 77 days matter.
Every day matters.
Every revision matters.
Every mock test matters.
If you are still in this journey —
Give it everything you have.
Because there is no other way.
Let’s stand up again.
Let’s prepare harder.
Let’s push through the doubt.
And this time —
Let’s fight for that rank. 🔥
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
❤31🔥5
Day 80 : 8 March target:
Topics -
Full length test
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
@upsc_answer_written
@CSE_EXAM
Topics -
Full length test
#UpscRevisionProgram
After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.
@upsc_answer_written
@CSE_EXAM
❤1
#Goodmorning
⏳77 days left CSP26[ 24-05-26]
⏳166 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳273 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳140 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳133 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳119 days left UKPSC PRELIMS 5 July
⏳92 days Left OPSC prelims 07 June
⏳92 days Left GPSC prelims 07 June
⏳85 days left MPSC (MH) prelims [ 31-05-26]
⏳RAS PRELIMS may
⏳49 days Left MPPSC (MP) Prelims 26 April
⏳49 days Left HCS Prelims 26 April
⏳48 days Left bpsc mains 25 April
⏳35 days days Left CDS1 /NDA/JPSC PRELIMS 12 April
⏳23 days Left PPSC mains 1 April ko hai
⏳20 days left UPPSC mains 29 March
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
⏳77 days left CSP26[ 24-05-26]
⏳166 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
⏳273 days left UPPSC prelims 6 December
⏳140 days left 72nd BPSC PRELIMS 26 July
⏳133 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳119 days left UKPSC PRELIMS 5 July
⏳92 days Left OPSC prelims 07 June
⏳92 days Left GPSC prelims 07 June
⏳85 days left MPSC (MH) prelims [ 31-05-26]
⏳RAS PRELIMS may
⏳49 days Left MPPSC (MP) Prelims 26 April
⏳49 days Left HCS Prelims 26 April
⏳48 days Left bpsc mains 25 April
⏳35 days days Left CDS1 /NDA/JPSC PRELIMS 12 April
⏳23 days Left PPSC mains 1 April ko hai
⏳20 days left UPPSC mains 29 March
#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
https://t.me/anmolvachan1
❤10
🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 6 MARCH 2026
🔆 BANKING & FINANCE
📍 Digital Rupee (e₹)
✅ India’s Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) issued by RBI
✅ Legal tender & sovereign currency
📍 UN Praises India’s Women Banking Inclusion Model
📍 Scheme Highlighted
✅ Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)
📊 Achievements
✅ 290+ million women brought into banking
✅ Women hold ~56% accounts under PMJDY
📍 Success Factors
✅ Digital ID
✅ Simplified account opening
✅ Digital payments ecosystem
🔆 INTERNATIONAL
📍 World’s Richest People (Forbes 2026)
🏆 Elon Musk remains world’s richest person
💰 Net worth: $841.4 billion
📊 Countries represented in Top 10
✅ United States – majority
✅ France – 1 billionaire
✅ Others – limited representation
📍 Yellowstone’s Echinus Geyser Erupts After 6 Years
📍 Location: Yellowstone National Park, USA
📍 Known as world’s largest acidic geyser
📍 Montana Installs First Gandhi Bust
📍 Location: University of Montana, USA
📍 Venue: Mike Mansfield Center
🎁 Gift from Government of India
📍 UN Women Report 2026
📊 Women possess only 64% of men’s legal rights globally
📍 Key Issues
✅ 54% countries lack consent-based rape laws
✅ Many countries still allow child marriage
✅ 44% countries lack equal pay laws
📍 Chile Eliminates Leprosy
🏥 Verified by WHO & PAHO
✅ No local transmission since 1993
🌍 Global context
✅ Jordan (2024) – first country verified
✅ Chile – second globally, first in Americas
📍 Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)
🦠 Caused by Mycobacterium leprae
🔆 NATIONAL
📍 Digital Tools Launched for Census 2027
👤 Launched by Union Home Minister Amit Shah
📍 Platforms
✅ House Listing Block Creator Web App
✅ HLO Mobile App
✅ Self-Enumeration Portal
✅ Census Monitoring System
📍 Developed by
✅ C-DAC
📍 Mascots
✅ Pragati – women
✅ Vikas – men
📍 India’s First Riverine Lighthouses on Brahmaputra
📍 National Waterway-2 (NW-2)
📍 Locations (Assam)
✅ Bogibeel
✅ Pandu
✅ Silghat
✅ Biswanath Ghat
📍 Key Features
✅ Height: 20 m
✅ Range: 14 nautical miles
✅ Fully solar powered
📍 Oxford Museum Returns Tirumankai Alvar Bronze
🏛 Museum: Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (UK)
📍 Origin: Soundararajaperumal Temple, Tamil Nadu
📍 Tirumankai Alvar
✅ One of the 12 Alvar saints of Vaishnavism
📍 GI-Tagged Karbi Anglong Ginger Exported to London
📍 State: Assam
📍 Cultivation methods
✅ Jhum cultivation
✅ Tila (hill-slope) farming
📍 Characteristics
✅ Strong aroma
✅ Intense flavour
📍 India Promotes Sustainable Tourism at ITB Berlin 2026
👤 Minister: Gajendra Singh Shekhawat
📍 Tourism Initiatives
✅ Swadesh Darshan Scheme
✅ PRASHAD Scheme
📍 Connectivity expansion
✅ Airports increased from 74 → 160+
🔆 MoUs
📍 India–Finland Agreements
👤 Leaders: PM Narendra Modi & President Alexander Stubb
📍 Cooperation Areas
✅ Environmental cooperation
✅ Migration & mobility
✅ Statistics collaboration
📍 Event
✅ Raisina Dialogue 2026
🔆 STATES
📍 Maharashtra Introduces Offline e-Crop Registration
📍 Under Digital Crop Survey (DCS)
📍 Feature
✅ Farmers can capture crop photos offline
✅ Auto-upload when internet available
📍 Hatti Risala Festival (Maharashtra)
📍 Location: Jalna
📅 Held on Dhulivandan (day after Holi)
🎯 Symbol of communal harmony
📍 Community Conservation in Ladakh
🦆 Villagers protect Ruddy Shelducks during breeding season
📍 Breeding area: Mudh Valley, Ladakh
📍 Oleum Gas Leak in Palghar
📍 Oleum: Sulphur trioxide dissolved in sulphuric acid
📍 Agencies involved
✅ NDRF
✅ BARC
📍 Darjeeling Hill Festival
👤 Inaugurated by President Droupadi Murmu
📍 Venue: Raj Bhavan (Lok Bhavan), Darjeeling
📍 Cultural highlights
✅ Dokra metal craft
✅ Toda tribal embroidery
🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📅 International Day for Disarmament & Non-Proliferation Awareness
📅 Observed: 5 March
🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
📍 Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD)
🦠 Viral disease affecting cassava crops
📍 Impacts
✅ Root necrosis
✅ Severe yield losses
#CurrentAffairs
Join https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
🔆 BANKING & FINANCE
📍 Digital Rupee (e₹)
✅ India’s Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) issued by RBI
✅ Legal tender & sovereign currency
📍 UN Praises India’s Women Banking Inclusion Model
📍 Scheme Highlighted
✅ Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)
📊 Achievements
✅ 290+ million women brought into banking
✅ Women hold ~56% accounts under PMJDY
📍 Success Factors
✅ Digital ID
✅ Simplified account opening
✅ Digital payments ecosystem
🔆 INTERNATIONAL
📍 World’s Richest People (Forbes 2026)
🏆 Elon Musk remains world’s richest person
💰 Net worth: $841.4 billion
📊 Countries represented in Top 10
✅ United States – majority
✅ France – 1 billionaire
✅ Others – limited representation
📍 Yellowstone’s Echinus Geyser Erupts After 6 Years
📍 Location: Yellowstone National Park, USA
📍 Known as world’s largest acidic geyser
📍 Montana Installs First Gandhi Bust
📍 Location: University of Montana, USA
📍 Venue: Mike Mansfield Center
🎁 Gift from Government of India
📍 UN Women Report 2026
📊 Women possess only 64% of men’s legal rights globally
📍 Key Issues
✅ 54% countries lack consent-based rape laws
✅ Many countries still allow child marriage
✅ 44% countries lack equal pay laws
📍 Chile Eliminates Leprosy
🏥 Verified by WHO & PAHO
✅ No local transmission since 1993
🌍 Global context
✅ Jordan (2024) – first country verified
✅ Chile – second globally, first in Americas
📍 Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)
🦠 Caused by Mycobacterium leprae
🔆 NATIONAL
📍 Digital Tools Launched for Census 2027
👤 Launched by Union Home Minister Amit Shah
📍 Platforms
✅ House Listing Block Creator Web App
✅ HLO Mobile App
✅ Self-Enumeration Portal
✅ Census Monitoring System
📍 Developed by
✅ C-DAC
📍 Mascots
✅ Pragati – women
✅ Vikas – men
📍 India’s First Riverine Lighthouses on Brahmaputra
📍 National Waterway-2 (NW-2)
📍 Locations (Assam)
✅ Bogibeel
✅ Pandu
✅ Silghat
✅ Biswanath Ghat
📍 Key Features
✅ Height: 20 m
✅ Range: 14 nautical miles
✅ Fully solar powered
📍 Oxford Museum Returns Tirumankai Alvar Bronze
🏛 Museum: Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (UK)
📍 Origin: Soundararajaperumal Temple, Tamil Nadu
📍 Tirumankai Alvar
✅ One of the 12 Alvar saints of Vaishnavism
📍 GI-Tagged Karbi Anglong Ginger Exported to London
📍 State: Assam
📍 Cultivation methods
✅ Jhum cultivation
✅ Tila (hill-slope) farming
📍 Characteristics
✅ Strong aroma
✅ Intense flavour
📍 India Promotes Sustainable Tourism at ITB Berlin 2026
👤 Minister: Gajendra Singh Shekhawat
📍 Tourism Initiatives
✅ Swadesh Darshan Scheme
✅ PRASHAD Scheme
📍 Connectivity expansion
✅ Airports increased from 74 → 160+
🔆 MoUs
📍 India–Finland Agreements
👤 Leaders: PM Narendra Modi & President Alexander Stubb
📍 Cooperation Areas
✅ Environmental cooperation
✅ Migration & mobility
✅ Statistics collaboration
📍 Event
✅ Raisina Dialogue 2026
🔆 STATES
📍 Maharashtra Introduces Offline e-Crop Registration
📍 Under Digital Crop Survey (DCS)
📍 Feature
✅ Farmers can capture crop photos offline
✅ Auto-upload when internet available
📍 Hatti Risala Festival (Maharashtra)
📍 Location: Jalna
📅 Held on Dhulivandan (day after Holi)
🎯 Symbol of communal harmony
📍 Community Conservation in Ladakh
🦆 Villagers protect Ruddy Shelducks during breeding season
📍 Breeding area: Mudh Valley, Ladakh
📍 Oleum Gas Leak in Palghar
📍 Oleum: Sulphur trioxide dissolved in sulphuric acid
📍 Agencies involved
✅ NDRF
✅ BARC
📍 Darjeeling Hill Festival
👤 Inaugurated by President Droupadi Murmu
📍 Venue: Raj Bhavan (Lok Bhavan), Darjeeling
📍 Cultural highlights
✅ Dokra metal craft
✅ Toda tribal embroidery
🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS
📅 International Day for Disarmament & Non-Proliferation Awareness
📅 Observed: 5 March
🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
📍 Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD)
🦠 Viral disease affecting cassava crops
📍 Impacts
✅ Root necrosis
✅ Severe yield losses
#CurrentAffairs
Join https://t.me/CurrentAffairs_ONLY
❤9👏1
🚀 SUPER FAST REVISION | UPSC PRELIMS ACCELERATOR – PROGRAM Batch 2
🗓 Starts: 16 February
Designed for speed, discipline, and accuracy in the final phase of Prelims preparation
What you get:
✅ Daily Discipline: 40 high-quality MCQs every night at 8:10pm live bot quiz
✅All MCQs with explanation available later for practice & revision
✅ Weekend Edge: Dedicated CSAT focus every Saturday to eliminate Paper-2 fear
✅ All-Round Coverage
• UPSC + State PSC + CDS + CAPF PYQs
• Core Statics
• Relevant Current Affairs
For Demo CLICK HERE
📊 3000+ MCQs for focused, exam-oriented revision
Fee 699
👇 Stop scrolling. Start practicing.
👉 Join now: @studytoday_bot
Sample que CLICK HERE
🗓 Starts: 16 February
Designed for speed, discipline, and accuracy in the final phase of Prelims preparation
What you get:
✅ Daily Discipline: 40 high-quality MCQs every night at 8:10pm live bot quiz
✅All MCQs with explanation available later for practice & revision
✅ Weekend Edge: Dedicated CSAT focus every Saturday to eliminate Paper-2 fear
✅ All-Round Coverage
• UPSC + State PSC + CDS + CAPF PYQs
• Core Statics
• Relevant Current Affairs
For Demo CLICK HERE
📊 3000+ MCQs for focused, exam-oriented revision
Fee 699
👇 Stop scrolling. Start practicing.
👉 Join now: @studytoday_bot
Sample que CLICK HERE
❤2