🔆 India’s Climate Action – Performance & Strategy

📍 India’s Performance so far (NDC Progress)
✅ Emissions intensity: Target of 33–35% reduction by 2030 already surpassed → ~36% reduction (2005–2020).
✅ Non-fossil power capacity: Target of 40% by 2030 achieved early → ~52.57% (Feb 2026).
✅ Carbon sink creation: About 2.29 billion tonnes CO₂ equivalent added through forest & tree cover (by 2021).

🔆 Major Pillars of India’s Climate Strategy

📍 A. Clean Energy & Green Growth (Mitigation Focus)
✅ Large-scale renewable energy expansion
✅ Battery storage systems
✅ Green Energy Corridors
✅ Cleaner manufacturing & energy efficiency
✅ Nuclear energy
✅ Carbon Capture, Utilisation & Storage (CCUS)

📍 B. Key Schemes & Initiatives
✅ National Green Hydrogen Mission
✅ PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana
✅ Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Schemes
✅ PM-KUSUM
✅ Jal Jeevan Mission
✅ MISHTI (Mangrove Initiative)
✅ National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture
✅ PMKSY (Irrigation)
✅ Soil Health Card Scheme

📍 C. Adaptation & Resilience Measures
✅ Mangrove restoration & coastal protection
✅ Climate-resilient infrastructure
✅ Cyclone & storm-surge early warning systems
✅ Glacier monitoring in Himalayan states
✅ Biodiversity conservation
✅ Heat Action Plans in cities
✅ Community-based disaster preparedness

📍 D. Institutional Framework
✅ National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
✅ Nine National Missions
✅ State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCCs)

📍 E. People-Centric Climate Action
✅ Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE)
✅ Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam Campaign
➡️ Focus on participatory, citizen-led climate action.

🔆 International Climate Leadership
✅ International Solar Alliance (ISA)
✅ Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI)
✅ Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA)
✅ LeadIT (Leadership Group for Industry Transition)

#Environment

Iran war places in News

🔆 Shyamji Krishna Varma (1857–1930)

📍 Who was he?
✅ Shyamji Krishna Varma was a revolutionary, journalist and philanthropist.
✅ Born in Mandvi.

📍 Key Contributions
✅ Founded the Indian Home Rule Society in 1905 to encourage Indians to participate in revolutionary activities.

✅ Established India House in London.
➡️ It became a major centre for Indian revolutionaries abroad.

✅ Served as the first President of the Bombay Arya Samaj.

✅ Influenced prominent revolutionaries such as Vinayak Damodar Savarkar.

📍 Literary Contribution
✅ Published The Indian Sociologist to spread nationalist ideas and oppose British rule.

📍 Values
✅ Courage
✅ Patriotism
✅ Selfless Service
✅ Commitment to Freedom

#history #prelims #mains

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🔆 Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS)

📍 Launch
✅ Launched in 2025 by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
✅ Scheme outlay: ₹40,000 crore.
✅ Duration: Six years (FY 2025–26 to FY 2031–32).

📍 Objective
✅ To develop a robust electronics component manufacturing ecosystem in India.
✅ Aims to attract both domestic and global investment across the value chain.
✅ Seeks to integrate India’s electronics industry with Global Value Chains (GVCs).

📍 Types of Incentives
✅ ECMS provides:
➡️ Turnover-linked incentives
➡️ Capex-linked incentives
➡️ Hybrid incentives

✅ Incentives cover:
➡️ Sub-assemblies
➡️ Bare components
➡️ Supply-chain ecosystem development

📍 Target Segments
✅ Focuses on high-value electronics components such as:
➡️ Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)
➡️ Camera modules
➡️ Display modules
➡️ Lithium-ion cells
➡️ Other advanced electronic sub-components

📍 Recent Development
✅ The Government has approved 29 investment proposals worth ₹7,104 crore under the scheme.

#goverment_schemes

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Day 104 : 1 April target:

Science and Technology
Topics:
Space technology
Bio-technology
Defence
Health

Current Affairs: june, july 2025
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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 30 MARCH 2026

🔆 REGULATORY BODIES

📍 India’s Forex Reserves Fall Sharply
✅ India’s forex reserves fell by $11.413 billion to $698.346 billion for the week ended 20 March
✅ Previous week had already seen a fall of $7.052 billion
✅ Forex reserves had touched an all-time high of $728.494 billion on 27 February 2026
✅ Decline began after the West Asia conflict
✅ Components of reserves:
• Foreign Currency Assets (FCA)
• Gold Reserves
• Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)
• Reserve Position with IMF

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 UN Task Force on Strait of Hormuz
✅ UN announced a new task force to address disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz due to West Asia conflict
✅ Announced by António Guterres
✅ Task force to be led by Jorge Moreira da Silva
✅ Members include:
• UNCTAD
• International Maritime Organization
• International Chamber of Commerce
✅ Aim: ensure uninterrupted maritime trade and humanitarian supply chains

📍 UK Introduces Strict Screen-Time Rules for Children
✅ United Kingdom introduced fresh screen-time guidelines under PM Keir Starmer
✅ Children below 2 years: no screen time recommended
✅ Age 2–5 years: maximum 1 hour per day
✅ Parents advised to avoid screens during meals and 1 hour before sleep
✅ Similar steps being taken by countries like France, Denmark and Netherlands

📍 Japan Launches World’s First Cargo Bullet Train
✅ Developed by East Japan Railway Company
✅ Runs on the Shinkansen network
✅ Maximum speed: 275 km/h
✅ Capacity: nearly 1,000 boxes or 17.4 tonnes cargo per trip
✅ Passenger seats removed and replaced with cargo space
✅ Aim: faster and more efficient logistics

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 India’s First Port of Refuge Operationalised
✅ Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone launched India’s first Port of Refuge
✅ Aim: help ships in distress and improve maritime safety along India’s coastline
✅ Locations:
• Dighi Port – West Coast
• Gopalpur Port – East Coast
✅ Services available:
• Salvage and wreck removal
• Firefighting
• Pollution containment
• Emergency coordination

📍 India’s First Hydrogen Train Completes Trials
✅ India’s first hydrogen-powered train successfully completed oscillation trials
✅ Conducted by Research Designs and Standards Organisation
✅ Train covered 20 km and reached speed of 70 km/h
✅ Route: Jind–Sonipat in Haryana
✅ Developed by Integral Coach Factory
✅ Uses hydrogen fuel and emits only water vapour

📍 PLFS Annual Report 2025 Released
✅ Published by National Statistical Office under Ministry of Statistics
✅ Survey period changed from July–June to January–December
✅ Key figures for 2025:
• Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR): 59.3%
• Worker Population Ratio (WPR): 57.4%
• Unemployment Rate (UR): 3.1%
✅ Rural unemployment: 2.4%
✅ Urban unemployment: 4.8%

📍 Jewar Airport Inaugurated
✅ PM Narendra Modi inaugurated Phase-1 of Noida International Airport at Jewar, Uttar Pradesh
✅ Phase-1 investment: around ₹11,200 crore
✅ It becomes NCR’s second airport
✅ Passenger capacity:
• 12 million passengers/year in Phase-1
• 70 million passengers/year by 2036
✅ Airport connected through Yamuna Expressway and future metro/RRTS links
✅ Designed as a green and energy-efficient airport

📍 Maternal Deaths in India: Lancet Study
✅ India recorded 24,700 maternal deaths in 2023 according to a study in The Lancet
✅ Maternal Mortality Ratio estimated at 116 per lakh live births
✅ India’s official SRS estimate is lower at 88
✅ India has reduced maternal mortality by 86% since 1990
✅ SDG target: reduce MMR below 70 by 2030

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 Indian Navy Conducts IMEX TTX 2026
✅ Conducted at Maritime Warfare Centre, Kochi
✅ Participating countries included Bangladesh, France, Indonesia, Maldives, Mauritius, Singapore, Sri Lanka and others
✅ Focus: maritime security challenges in the Indian Ocean Region
✅ India also assumed chairmanship of the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium for 2026–28 after 16 years

🔆 MoUs

📍 Delhi Govt–Prasar Bharati MoU
✅ Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation signed MoU with Prasar Bharati
✅ Aim: develop Delhi as a media and entertainment hub

✅ Focus areas: film production, TV and AVGC sector

📍 India–EU Aviation Pact Signed
✅ India signed a working arrangement with the European Union for aviation cooperation
✅ Agreement signed between DGCA and European Union Aviation Safety Agency
✅ Focus: aviation manufacturing cooperation and global safety standards
✅ Includes assembly of Airbus H125/AS350 helicopters in Bengaluru under Make in India

🔆 SCHEMES

📍 PM E-DRIVE Scheme Extended
✅ Government extended PM E-DRIVE scheme till 31 March 2028
✅ Total outlay: ₹10,900 crore
✅ Focus shifted towards:
• E-rickshaws
• Commercial electric 3-wheelers
✅ Incentives for electric two-wheelers available only till 31 July 2026
✅ Subsidy fixed at ₹2,500 per kWh with maximum ₹5,000 per vehicle

📍 PM Shram Yogi Maandhan Yojana
✅ Pension scheme for unorganised workers launched in 2019
✅ Provides monthly pension of ₹3,000 after age 60
✅ Government contributes equal amount as worker contribution
✅ Eligible age: 18–40 years
✅ Monthly income limit: ₹15,000
✅ Target groups include street vendors, construction workers, domestic workers and small shopkeepers

🔆 APPOINTMENTS

✅ Sadhvi Niranjan Jyoti appointed Chairperson of the National Commission for Backward Classes
✅ She succeeds Hansraj Gangaram Ahir

🔆 AWARDS

📍 Hockey India Annual Awards 2025
✅ Men’s Player of the Year: Hardik Singh
✅ Women’s Player of the Year: Navneet Kaur
✅ Lifetime Achievement Award: Zafar Iqbal
✅ Men’s U-21 Award: Prince Deep Singh
✅ Women’s U-21 Award: Sakshi Rana
✅ Best Member Unit: Hockey Unit of Jharkhand

🔆 SPORTS

📍 Ashwin Signs for San Francisco Unicorns
✅ Ravichandran Ashwin signed with San Francisco Unicorns
✅ Becomes the first India-capped player to play in Major League Cricket

📍 Pramod Bhagat Wins 3 Medals at Spanish Para Badminton International 2026
✅ Pramod Bhagat won 1 gold and 2 silver medals
✅ Gold in Mixed Doubles with Manisha Ramdass
✅ Silver in Men’s Singles and Men’s Doubles
✅ Other Indian gold medal winners:
• Nitesh Kumar
• Manasi Joshi
• Thulasimathi Murugesan

#CurrentAffairs

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Jammu & Kashmir Combined Competitive (Main)
Examination, 2025

🔆 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)

📍 About SCO
✅ Shanghai Cooperation Organisation was formed in 2001 at Shanghai.
✅ It is a permanent intergovernmental organisation.
✅ Main agenda: Regional security, counter-terrorism and economic cooperation.

📍 Members
✅ SCO has 10 member states:
➡️ China
➡️ Russia
➡️ Kazakhstan
➡️ Kyrgyzstan
➡️ Tajikistan
➡️ Uzbekistan
➡️ India (2017)
➡️ Pakistan (2017)
➡️ Iran (2023)
➡️ Belarus (2024)

✅ Observer States: Afghanistan and Mongolia.
✅ Laos became a partner state in 2025.
✅ SCO now has 17 partner countries.

📍 Importance
✅ SCO accounts for nearly 24% of world GDP and around 43% of the global population.

📍 Institutional Features
✅ The Council of Heads of States is the supreme decision-making body and meets once every year.
✅ Official working languages are Russian and Mandarin Chinese.
✅ Headquarters: Beijing.

📍 India and SCO
✅ Varanasi has been declared the first tourism and cultural capital of SCO.

🔆 SCO Summit 2025

📍 Key Details
✅ 25th SCO Summit was held in Tianjin.
✅ Theme: “Upholding the Shanghai Spirit: SCO on the Move”.
✅ The summit adopted the Tianjin Declaration.

📍 Tianjin Declaration
✅ Focused on strengthening regional security and combating terrorism.
✅ It also emphasized cooperation in Artificial Intelligence.
✅ The declaration supported adoption of the SCO AI Cooperation Roadmap to guide research, standards and capacity building among member states.

📍 Next Chairmanship
✅ Chairmanship for 2025–26 was passed to the Kyrgyz Republic.

🔆 Regional Anti-Terror Structure (RATS)

📍 About
✅ Regional Anti-Terror Structure was formed in 2004 under SCO.
✅ It is a permanent body for coordinating action against the “Three Evils”:
➡️ Terrorism
➡️ Separatism
➡️ Extremism

📍 Headquarters & Governance
✅ Headquarters: Tashkent.
✅ The head of RATS is elected for a term of 3 years.
✅ Each member country sends a permanent representative to RATS.

#prelims
#IR

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🔆 Hubble Space Telescope (HST)

📍 About
✅ Observes in ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared wavelengths.
✅ It orbits the Earth.
✅ Launched in 1990 jointly by NASA and European Space Agency.

📍 Aim
✅ To study the visible universe in great detail.
✅ Hubble captures images across the optical spectrum, from infrared to ultraviolet, helping scientists study galaxies, nebulae and stars.

📍 Part of NASA’s “Great Observatories”
✅ Hubble is one of NASA’s Great Observatories, along with:
➡️ Chandra X-ray Observatory
➡️ Spitzer Space Telescope
➡️ Compton Gamma Ray Observatory

🔆 Spitzer Space Telescope

📍 About
✅ Infrared space telescope of NASA.
✅ Launched in 2003; mission ended in 2020.
✅ Studied dusty galaxies, star formation and exoplanets.

📍 Spitzer Resurrector Mission
✅ A proposed mission to restart the telescope.

🔆 Compton Gamma Ray Observatory

📍 About
✅ Space-based gamma-ray observatory of NASA.
✅ Launched in 1991 and deorbited in 2000.

🔆 James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

📍 Context
✅ Recently, scientists discovered possible biosignatures on exoplanet K2-18 b using JWST.

📍 About
✅ It is the largest and most powerful space telescope ever built.
✅ It is an infrared observatory located around the L2 Lagrange Point.
✅ Launched in 2021 through collaboration between NASA, ESA and the Canadian Space Agency.

📍 Major Objectives
✅ Study the first light in the universe.
✅ Understand the formation of early galaxies.
✅ Examine the birth of stars and planetary systems.
✅ Search for planets and clues about the origins of life.

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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Day 105: 2 April target:

Science and Technology
Topics:
Nano-technology
Energy
Health And IT
Governance in field of S&T

Current Affairs: August, September 2025
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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 1 APRIL 2026

🔆 INTERNATIONAL
📍 India Becomes Global Leader in IRCC Issuance
✅ India emerged as the top country in issuing Internationally Recognized Certificates of Compliance (IRCCs) under the Nagoya Protocol
✅ India issued 3,561 IRCCs, over 56% of global total of 6,311
✅ IRCC proves that:
• Prior Informed Consent has been taken
• Mutually Agreed Terms are in place
✅ India’s success credited to effective implementation of:
• Biological Diversity Act, 2002
• National Biodiversity Authority
• State Biodiversity Boards
• Biodiversity Management Committees

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 NSO Releases Energy Statistics India 2026
✅ National Statistical Office released the 33rd edition of Energy Statistics India 2026
✅ India’s total renewable energy potential stands at 47,04,043 MW as of 31 March 2025
✅ Solar energy accounts for nearly 71% of total renewable potential with 33,43,378 MW
✅ Other major sources:
• Wind Power – 11,63,856 MW
• Large Hydro – 1,33,410 MW
✅ More than 70% of renewable potential is concentrated in 6 states:
• Rajasthan – 23.7%
• Maharashtra – 14.26%
• Gujarat – 9.1%
• Andhra Pradesh – 9.1%
• Karnataka – 8.59%
• Madhya Pradesh – 8.09%

📍 Credit Flow to Energy Sector Rises Sharply
✅ Credit to the energy sector increased more than 6 times
✅ It rose from ₹1,688 crore in 2021 to ₹10,325 crore in 2025

📍 MeitY Approves 29 Projects under ECMS
✅ Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology approved 29 new projects under the 4th tranche of Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS)
✅ Total investment approved: ₹7,104 crore
✅ Expected production value: ₹84,515 crore
✅ Direct employment generation: 14,246 jobs
✅ Total approvals under ECMS now stand at 75 applications with total investment of ₹61,671 crore

📍 ECMS Key Features
✅ Scheme launched in 2025 with an outlay of ₹40,000 crore for FY26–FY32
✅ Focuses on high-value components like:
• PCBs
• Camera modules
• Display modules
• Lithium-ion cells
✅ Incentives available:
• Turnover-linked
• Capex-linked
• Hybrid incentives

📍 Nyaya Setu AI Chatbot Launched
✅ Department of Justice launched AI-powered legal assistant “Nyaya Setu” during DISHA Programme at Vigyan Bhawan
✅ Features:
• Voice-first
• Multilingual
• Multimodal (voice + text)
✅ Helps citizens understand legal rights and legal processes
✅ Developed using BHASHINI technology and trained on Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita

📍 ‘Dishika’ Unveiled as Nyaya Setu Mascot
✅ Mascot name: Dishika
✅ Acts as a friendly digital guide to improve trust and accessibility
✅ BHASHINI currently supports:
• 36 text languages
• 23 voice languages
• 500+ government websites

📍 PM Inaugurates Samrat Samprati Museum
✅ PM Narendra Modi inaugurated the Samrat Samprati Museum at Koba, Gandhinagar on Mahavir Jayanti
✅ Museum is dedicated to:
• Jain history
• Life of Samrat Samprati
• Values of Ahimsa and spirituality

🔆 DEFENCE
📍 First Next Generation Offshore Patrol Vessel Launched
✅ First NGOPV named Shachi launched at Goa Shipyard Limited on 31 March 2026
✅ It is the first among 11 Next Generation Offshore Patrol Vessels for Indian Navy
✅ Built jointly by:
• Goa Shipyard Limited
• Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers
✅ “Shachi” is named after Indian mythology and its crest includes the Ursa Major constellation and lighthouse

🔆 STATES
📍 Punjab Approves Mukhyamantri Mawan Dheeyan Satkar Yojana
✅ Punjab Cabinet led by Bhagwant Mann approved Mukhyamantri Mawan Dheeyan Satkar Yojana
✅ Scheme aims to provide financial support to women
✅ Women aged 18 years and above and registered voters of Punjab are eligible
✅ Assistance under the scheme:
• ₹1,000 per month for all eligible women
• ₹1,500 per month for SC women
✅ Scheme expected to cover around 97% of adult women in Punjab

🔆 SCHEMES
📍 PM-KUSUM Deadline Extended to March 2027
✅ Ministry of New and Renewable Energy extended PM-KUSUM project commissioning deadline to 31 March 2027
✅ Applies to projects where PPA was signed or Letter of Intent issued before 31 December 2025
✅ Earlier deadline was March 2026
✅ PM-KUSUM aims to add 34,800 MW solar capacity

✅ Central financial support under scheme: ₹34,422 crore
✅ Funding pattern:
• Central Government – 30% subsidy
• State Government – 30% subsidy
• Farmers – 40% contribution

#CurrentAffairs

Tamil Nadu PSC Group-1 Notification

Link:https://tnpsc.gov.in/english/Checkmemo.aspx?key=1b90abbb-6229-4fca-a211-5ccb85bc8ae5&&type=2&&phase=1adcfc27-d587-45c9-bce1-956ae12fd19c&&valuekey=5c8bd285-c52d-f111-8f12-0a94efa51dc7

🔆 Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS)

📍 About
✅ Launched in 2023.
✅ Aim: To create a domestic carbon credit market and support India’s goal of reducing emission intensity by 45% from 2005 levels by 2030.

📍 Legal Basis
✅ Introduced under the Energy Conservation Act.
✅ Strengthened through the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act.

📍 Mechanisms under CCTS

✅ Compliance Mechanism
➡️ Mandatory mechanism where the government fixes GHG emission intensity targets for obligated entities.
➡️ Initially covers 9 sectors such as:
• Fertiliser
• Iron & Steel
• Pulp & Paper
• Petrochemicals
• Petroleum Refineries

➡️ Obligated entities are notified by the Ministry of Power on the recommendation of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency.

✅ Offset Mechanism
➡️ Voluntary, project-based mechanism.
➡️ Designed for non-obligated entities that are outside the compliance mechanism.

📍 Carbon Credit Certificates
✅ Carbon Credit Certificates are issued by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency to entities that surpass their emission reduction targets.

📍 Monitoring Mechanism
✅ The scheme is monitored by a National Steering Committee chaired by the Power Secretary.

📍 Draft Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Intensity Target Rules, 2025
✅ Issued under the compliance mechanism of CCTS.
✅ Proposes legally binding GHG emission targets for more than 460 industrial units.
✅ Forms the basis of India’s first compliance-based carbon market.

#goverment_schemes

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