GS4 ethics PYQ Mapping
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GS4 ethics PYQ Mapping
Upsc mains 2026

🔆 CMLRE Releases National Report on Deep-Sea & Distant-Water Fishery Resources of India’s EEZ

📍 Why in News?
✅ The Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology (CMLRE), under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, released a comprehensive national assessment of India’s deep-sea and distant-water fishery resources.
✅ The report synthesises over four decades of oceanographic data, including 400+ cruises of FORV Sagar Sampada, providing a scientific foundation for sustainable exploitation of India’s Blue Economy.

📍 India’s Maritime Resource Base
✅ India’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers approximately 2.02 million sq km; total maritime jurisdiction including the continental shelf is around 2.37 million sq km.
✅ Under UNCLOS, 1982, a coastal State has sovereign rights over living and non-living resources within its EEZ extending up to 200 nautical miles from baselines.

📍 Key Areas Surveyed
✅ Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Lakshadweep waters, Andaman Sea and Southern Ocean were covered by the research programme.
✅ Important biodiversity-rich areas include Kollam Bank, Angria Bank, Off-Mangalore Deep-Sea Slope, Terrace off Trivandrum and Lakshadweep & Andaman–Nicobar Islands.

📍 Mesopelagic “Twilight Zone”
✅ The 200–1,000 m depth zone contains dense communities of lanternfishes and deep-sea shrimps.
✅ Their vertical migration contributes to the biological carbon pump, transferring carbon from surface waters to deeper ocean layers.
✅ This makes the zone important not only for fisheries but also for global climate regulation.

📍 Deep-Sea & Distant-Water Resources
✅ Significant deep-sea resources identified include shrimps, perches, scombroids, flatfishes and eels.
✅ High-value distant-water species include tunas, billfishes, sharks, oceanic squids and Antarctic krill.
✅ The findings could support expansion of India’s distant-water fishing capacity, subject to sustainability and international obligations.

📍 Technology for Sustainable Fisheries
✅ The report advocates integration of fisheries acoustics, environmental DNA (eDNA), autonomous observing platforms, satellite remote sensing, AI and ecosystem modelling.
✅ These technologies can improve resource assessment, biodiversity monitoring and marine spatial planning.

📍 Blue Economy Opportunities
✅ Scientific resource mapping can support sustainable fisheries, employment, food security and maritime economic growth.
✅ It can strengthen India’s capabilities in ocean science, marine biotechnology and resource management.
✅ Better knowledge of marine ecosystems can help balance economic utilisation with conservation.

📍 Key Challenges
✅ Deep-sea exploitation must not undermine the biological carbon pump and ecologically sensitive habitats.
✅ Expansion of distant-water fishing requires compliance with UNCLOS and Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs).
✅ Access to distant fishing grounds may require international agreements and diplomatic cooperation.
✅ Focus on deep-sea resources should not divert attention from the depletion of near-shore resources and livelihoods of small-scale coastal fishers.
✅ Identification of resources does not automatically mean they can be commercially exploited; appropriate vessels, ports, fisheries infrastructure and regulatory frameworks are also required.

📍 Key Institutions & Terms
✅ CMLRE: Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology, Kochi, under MoES.
✅ FORV Sagar Sampada: India’s flagship Fishery and Oceanographic Research Vessel.
✅ Deep Ocean Mission: Launched in 2021; focuses on deep-sea exploration, ocean biology and climate research.
✅ eDNA: Genetic material shed by organisms into their environment, enabling species detection without direct sampling.
✅ SDG 14: Life Below Water — conservation and sustainable use of oceans and marine resources.

📌 Case Study / Example
✅ FORV Sagar Sampada & Marine Living Resources Programme: More than 400 oceanographic cruises and decades of systematic surveys have enabled India to build a scientific database of deep-sea and distant-water resources.
🎯 Mains Application:India’s experience shows how long-term scientific observation can convert the Blue Economy from a resource-extraction agenda into an evidence-based model of sustainable marine governance.

📍 Way Forward
✅ Adopt ecosystem-based fisheries management rather than focusing solely on maximum extraction.
✅ Use marine spatial planning to identify zones for conservation, fishing and other economic activities.
✅ Integrate scientific monitoring with AI, eDNA and autonomous observation systems.
✅ Ensure deep-sea development remains aligned with UNCLOS, SDG 14 and conservation commitments.
✅ Balance emerging deep-sea opportunities with the livelihood security of India’s coastal fishing communities.

✎ MAINS PRACTICE QUESTION
India’s Blue Economy ambitions rest on scientific understanding of its maritime resources. In light of CMLRE’s comprehensive national report on deep-sea and distant-water fishery resources, evaluate the opportunities and challenges in harnessing India’s EEZ for sustainable economic growth, with reference to relevant international legal frameworks.

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🔆 Drunix Platform

📍 Why in News?
✅ NPCI launched the Drunix Platform to help organisations build and scale tokenisation platforms, digital asset ecosystems, and multi-organisation networks.

📍 About Drunix
✅ Definition
• An open-source blockchain platform designed to support enterprise-grade digital asset and tokenisation solutions.
✅ Launched By
• National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).
✅ Aim
• Accelerate blockchain readiness by providing foundational technologies for:
• Experimentation
• Interoperability
• Real-world adoption

📍 Key Features
✅ Built as a high-performance distributed ledger platform.
✅ Developed as an enhanced fork of Hyperledger Fabric.
✅ Enables large-scale blockchain deployment.
✅ Designed for enterprise and public infrastructure adoption.
✅ Supports creation of:
• Tokenisation platforms
• Digital asset ecosystems
• Multi-organisation networks

📍 About Hyperledger Fabric
✅ An open-source enterprise blockchain framework.
✅ Developed under the Linux Foundation.
✅ Provides a secure, scalable, and permissioned blockchain architecture for enterprises.

📍 Significance
✅ Strengthens India’s digital public infrastructure ecosystem.
✅ Promotes indigenous blockchain innovation and adoption.
✅ Enhances interoperability across digital networks.
✅ Contributes to the global open-source technology ecosystem.

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🔆 Kuchipudi (Classical Dance of Andhra Pradesh)

📍 Origin & Background
✅ Originated from Kuchelapuram (Kuchipudi village) in Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh
✅ Emerged as a product of the Bhakti movement (7th century CE onwards)
✅ Originally known as Kuchelapuri / Kuchelapuram
✅ Known for graceful movements and a strong narrative–dramatic tradition
✅ Stylistically positioned between Bharatanatyam and Odissi

📍 Nature of the Dance Form
✅ Classical dance-drama tradition
✅ Integrates speech, mime (abhinaya), and pure dance
✅ Traditionally group-based, now widely performed as solo recital

📍 Style & Technique
✅ Based on the classical triad:
• Nritta – Pure dance (teermanams, jatis)
• Nritya – Expressive dance (sabdam)
• Natya – Dramatic enactment using mudras & abhinaya
✅ Strong emphasis on abhinaya (expression) and rhythmic vitality
✅ Incorporates both Lasya (grace) and Tandava (vigour) elements

📍 Music & Instruments
✅ Music system: Carnatic music
✅ Major accompanying instruments:
• Mridangam
• Manjira (Talam)
• Veena
• Violin
• Kanjira
• Surpeti
• Venu (Flute)
• Tanpura

📍 Sequence of a Kuchipudi Recital
✅ Ganesha Vandana – Invocatory item
✅ Nritta – Abstract dance (usually Jatiswaram)
✅ Shabdam – Narrative dance
• Famous items: Dashavatara Shabdam, Manduk Shabdam
✅ Kalaapam – Natya (dramatic piece)
✅ Tarangam – Grand finale
• Dancer performs on a brass plate, moving it rhythmically with feet

📍 Unique Elements
✅ Tarangam – Balancing and dancing on a brass plate
✅ Jala Chitra Nrityam – Drawing pictures on the floor using toes while dancing
✅ Combines aesthetic beauty with storytelling

📍 Famous Exponents
✅ Radha Reddy & Raja Reddy
✅ Yamini Krishnamurthy
✅ Indrani Rehman
✅ Vedan­tam Satyanarayana Sharma

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🔆 National Sports Awards 2025

📍 Why in News?
✅ The Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports announced the National Sports Awards 2025, recognising excellence and contribution to Indian sports.

📍 Key Facts
✅ Frequency: Annual
✅ Instituted by: Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports
✅ Objective: Recognise outstanding sporting performance, coaching and promotion of sports.

📍 6 Categories

✅ Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award (1991–92): India’s highest sporting honour, awarded for spectacular and outstanding performance over the preceding four years.

✅ Arjuna Award (1961): Recognises consistent performance, leadership, sportsmanship and discipline over four years.

✅ Arjuna Award (Lifetime): Recognises retired sportspersons who continue contributing to the promotion of sports.

✅ Dronacharya Award (1985): Honours outstanding coaches who produce medal winners at major international sporting events; has Regular and Lifetime categories.

✅ Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime Achievement: Recognises sportspersons for their contribution to sports after retirement.

✅ Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar: Recognises corporate entities and NGOs for promoting and developing sports.

✅ MAKA Trophy: Rotating trophy awarded to the top-performing university in inter-university tournaments.

📍 National Sports Awards 2025

✅ 17 athletes received the Arjuna Award.
✅ Veteran footballer Isaiah Arumainayagam received the Arjuna Award (Lifetime).
✅ No mentions were made for the Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime Achievement and MAKA Trophy in the 2025 announcement.

#CurrentAffairs

Indian geography mapping


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Before New Taxes, Making Every Rupee Count