🔆 HEALTH

📍 Anemia Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (AMB): 7X7X7 Framework
🟢 Renewed operational guidelines released on 29 June 2026, upgrading the earlier 6X6X6 strategy.
🟢 The approach shifts from T3 (Test, Treat, Talk) to T4 (Test, Treat, Talk, Track).
🟢 Emphasises screening-led, case-based and outcome-focused interventions supported by digital tracking.

📍 Seven Beneficiary Groups
🟢 Children aged 0–5 years.
🟢 Children aged 5–9 years.
🟢 Adolescents aged 10–19 years.
🟢 Women of Reproductive Age (15–49 years).
🟢 Pregnant women.
🟢 Lactating women.
🟢 Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies aged 0–6 months — newly added group.

📍 Seven Interventions
🟢 Prophylactic Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation.
🟢 Anaemia testing across platforms.
🟢 Therapeutic management of identified cases.
🟢 Deworming.
🟢 Jan Bhagidari for community communication and behaviour change.
🟢 Addressing non-nutritional causes, including malaria, haemoglobinopathies and fluorosis.
🟢 “Eating Right” — locally available iron-rich foods and dietary diversification; newly added intervention.

📍 Seven Institutional Mechanisms
🟢 Intra- and inter-ministerial coordination.
🟢 National Centre of Excellence and Advanced Research on Anemia.
🟢 National AMB Abhiyaan Unit.
🟢 Strengthened supply chain and logistics.
🟢 Convergence with programmes such as POSHAN Abhiyaan, PM POSHAN and ICDS.
🟢 Unified AMB Abhiyaan Portal and digital framework integrating JANANI, RBSK and U-WIN.
🟢 Strengthened monitoring, evaluation and digital tracking mechanisms.

🔆 INDEX & REPORTS

📍 UN Secretary-General’s 2026 Report on Women, Peace and Security
🟢 Report: S/2026/758, released in October 2026.
🟢 Civilian deaths: Women and girls accounted for one in four civilian deaths in armed conflicts in 2025—over 9,250 of 37,000+ deaths; at least 25 women and girls are killed daily.
🟢 Conflict exposure: An estimated 756.1 million women and girls (18.8% of the global female population) lived within 50 km of active armed conflict in 2025, the highest recorded since the 1990s.
🟢 Peace negotiations: Women accounted for only 5% of negotiators across 57 peace processes in 2025, down from 7% in 2024.
🟢 None of the 13 ceasefire agreements drafted in 2025 explicitly prohibited conflict-related sexual violence.
🟢 Unpaid care work: Women and girls in conflict-affected countries performed five times as many hours of unpaid domestic and care work as men and boys.
🟢 Maternal health: Women giving birth in conflict-affected countries were five times more likely to die from maternity-related causes than those in stable countries.
🟢 Funding gap: Global military expenditure reached $2.9 trillion in 2025, while around 40% of women’s organisations in crisis-affected settings faced temporary or permanent closure due to funding cuts.

📍 Key Recommendations
🟢 End attacks on civilians and hold perpetrators of conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence accountable.
🟢 Ensure women’s full, equal and meaningful participation in ceasefires and peace processes.
🟢 Adequately fund local women-led organisations involved in conflict mediation and community protection.
🟢 Rebalance spending to address the gap between rising military expenditure and underfunded peacebuilding efforts.

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29 october UPSC current affairs

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KPSC GROUP-B GAZETTED PROBATIONERS PRELIMS EXAM 2026 – OFFICIAL EXAM TIMINGS RELEASED!

The Karnataka Public Service Commission (KPSC) has released the examination timetable for the 2026–27 Gazetted Probationers Preliminary Examination for 319 posts, as notified under Notification No. KPSCKA/EXA1/EXMF/9/2026-EXAM-1/I/251710/2026, dated 31 July 2026.

Exam Date: Sunday, 15th November 2026

Examination Schedule:
Paper I
10:00 AM – 12:00 PM (Morning Session)

Paper II
2:00 PM – 4:00 PM (Afternoon Session)

Official Website: https://kpsc.kar.nic.in/

🔆 BIHAR MUSEUM RANKS 9TH GLOBALLY
📍 GS I: Indian Heritage & Culture | GS III: Tourism

🔆 WHY IN NEWS?
🟢 Bihar Museum, Patna, secured 9th position globally and 1st position in Asia in Worth a Journey’s 2026 World’s 100 Best Museums List.
🟢 It was the only Indian museum featured among the 100 museums on the list.

🔆 ABOUT THE RANKING
🟢 Published by: Worth a Journey, a Germany-based travel guide and digital magazine.
🟢 Coverage: 3,800 venues across 142 countries, including museums, libraries, parks, palaces and hotels.
🟢 Selection process: An algorithm analyses millions of data points, followed by in-person visits and adjustments based on on-ground assessments.

🔆 KEY RANKINGS
🟢 1st: Museo Nacional de Antropología, Mexico.
🟢 2nd: Museo del Prado, Spain.
🟢 9th: Bihar Museum, India.
🟢 Bihar Museum ranked ahead of New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art (10th) and Paris’s Louvre (31st).

🔆 ABOUT BIHAR MUSEUM
📍 Location: Patna, Bihar.
🟢 Area: More than 13 acres.
🟢 Inauguration: 2015.
🟢 Architecture: Designed by Japanese architect Fumihiko Maki, in collaboration with Mumbai-based Opolis Architects.
🟢 Collections: Sculptures, coins, manuscripts, archaeological materials, and traditional, folk and contemporary art.
🟢 Galleries: Trace Bihar’s history across different periods.
🟢 Also houses a Children’s Gallery and a Diaspora Gallery.

🔆 SIGNIFICANCE
🟢 Enhances India’s international visibility in heritage tourism.
🟢 Highlights Bihar’s historical and cultural richness.
🟢 Creates opportunities to strengthen museum infrastructure, cultural preservation and tourism-led development.

🔆 MAINS PRACTICE QUESTION
📍 “Museums play a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage and promoting tourism.” Discuss with reference to the international recognition of the Bihar Museum. (150 words)

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🔆 NATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY BOARD FOR UNORGANISED, GIG & PLATFORM WORKERS
📍 GS II: Governance | GS III: Indian Economy

🔆 WHY IN NEWS?
🟢 The Ministry of Labour and Employment has notified the official constitution of the National Social Security Board for Unorganised Workers and Gig & Platform Workers.

🔆 ABOUT THE BOARD
🟢 Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Labour and Employment.
🟢 Legal basis: Code on Social Security, 2020.
🟢 Objective: To support social security for unorganised workers, gig workers and platform workers through welfare schemes.

🔆 GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE
🟢 Chairperson: Union Minister for Labour and Employment.
🟢 Representation: Includes representatives from:
• Central and State Governments
• Aggregator companies and employers
• Civil society organisations
• Workers’ unions
• Gig and platform worker associations
🟢 Meetings: At least three times a year.

🔆 KEY FUNCTIONS
🟢 Welfare schemes: Recommends suitable social security schemes for different categories of workers.
🟢 Policy advice: Advises the Central Government on matters related to the administration of the Code on Social Security.
🟢 Monitoring: Monitors Central Government social welfare schemes for these workers.
🟢 Review: Reviews State-level record-keeping functions and expenditure from the relevant fund and account.
🟢 Additional functions: Performs other functions assigned by the Central Government.

🔆 SIGNIFICANCE
🟢 Promotes institutional support for workers in the unorganised and emerging platform-based economy.
🟢 Encourages coordination among governments, employers, aggregators and worker organisations.
🟢 Strengthens the policy framework for extending social security to workers who may lack conventional employment benefits.

🔆 MAINS PRACTICE QUESTION
📍 Discuss the challenges in extending social security to gig and unorganised workers in India. Examine the role of the National Social Security Board in addressing these challenges.

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🔆 ONE-LINERS | 31 OCTOBER 2026

🔆 HISTORY, ART & CULTURE

📍 Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day)
🟢 Observed on 31 October to mark the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, India’s first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister.
🟢 2026 marks his 151st birth anniversary.
🟢 Main celebrations are held at the Statue of Unity, Ekta Nagar, Gujarat.
🟢 The Ekta Parade features state police forces, Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) and paramilitary units.
🟢 Bharat Parv 2026: Cultural festival showcasing India’s diversity, regional traditions, handicrafts and cuisines; scheduled from 30 October to 15 November 2026.
🟢 Nationwide activities include Run for Unity, unity marches and pledge ceremonies in government offices and educational institutions.
🟢 Significance: Commemorates Patel’s role in integrating over 560 princely states into a unified India and promotes national unity, internal security and patriotism.

🔆 GEOGRAPHY

📍 Mayon Volcano Eruption
🟢 Erupted on 30 October 2026, sending an ash plume approximately 3,000 metres into the atmosphere.
🟢 Location: Albay province, southeastern Luzon, Philippines.
🟢 A stratovolcano, famous for its near-perfectly symmetrical volcanic cone; elevation approximately 2,462 metres.
🟢 Located within the Pacific Ring of Fire, associated with subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate.
🟢 The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) recorded a six-minute explosive eruption and raised the alert to Level 3.
🟢 Ashfall affected nearby towns, including Daraga, Camalig and Guinobatan.
🟢 Authorities ordered evacuations within the 6-km Permanent Danger Zone and suspended classes across Albay province.
🟢 Major hazards: Lava flows, rockfalls and pyroclastic density currents.
🟢 Mayon is the Philippines’ most active volcano, with over 50 recorded eruptions; its deadly 1814 eruption killed more than 1,200 people.

🔆 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

📍 US–Japan AMRAAM Assembly Facility
🟢 The United States and Japan agreed to establish a final assembly and inspection facility in Japan for the AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM).
🟢 Announced on 28 October 2026 by Japanese Defence Minister Shinjiro Koizumi and US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth during the ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting-Plus in Cebu, Philippines.
🟢 Part of Operation Supercharge, aimed at accelerating bilateral defence equipment, technology and missile-manufacturing cooperation.
🟢 Japanese partner: Mitsubishi Electric; US manufacturer: Raytheon (RTX).
🟢 Objective: Address declining US and allied missile inventories by creating an additional production facility.
🟢 AMRAAM is an active-radar-guided, beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile used by both countries’ F-35 fleets.
🟢 Key features: Active radar guidance, fire-and-forget capability and the ability to switch to passive homing under electronic jamming.
🟢 The countries also agreed to share technical data to increase production of the SM-3 Block IIA ship-based ballistic missile interceptor.

📍 Türkiye–Libya Maritime Deal, 2026
🟢 On 20 October 2026, Libya’s eastern-based House of Representatives (HoR) in Benghazi approved the controversial 2019 Türkiye–Libya maritime boundary agreement, reversing its previous rejection.
🟢 Originally signed in November 2019 between Türkiye and the UN-recognised Government of National Accord (GNA) in Tripoli.
🟢 The agreement delineates an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the Eastern Mediterranean to support maritime and seabed resource claims.
🟢 The eastern parliament’s approval gives the agreement backing from both rival Libyan power centres.
🟢 Greece and Cyprus oppose the agreement, arguing that it disregards the maritime rights of Greek islands, including Crete and Rhodes, under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
🟢 The EU, Egypt, Israel, Bahrain and the UAE have also rejected or criticised the move.
🟢 Türkiye maintains that it is protecting its sovereign maritime rights and interests.

🔆 ECONOMY

📍 High-Level Committee on Banking for Viksit Bharat

🟢 The Government of India constituted a committee to recommend comprehensive reforms for the banking sector.
🟢 Chairman: Suresh N. Patel, former Central Vigilance Commissioner.
🟢 Members: Shirish Chandra Murmu (RBI Deputy Governor), Padmaja Chunduru (former MD & CEO of Indian Bank) and N. S. Vishwanathan (former RBI Deputy Governor).
🟢 Member Secretary: Joint Secretary (Banking), Department of Financial Services.
🟢 Tenure: Six months; recommendations due by April 2027.
🟢 Key focus areas:
🟢 Building globally competitive and resilient banks to support India’s development goals by 2047.
🟢 Reviewing legal and regulatory frameworks for commercial banks, Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and cooperative banks.
🟢 Assessing long-term capital requirements of banks, Development Financial Institutions (DFIs) and NBFCs.
🟢 Developing a roadmap for AI and digital innovation, with safeguards against cyber risks.
🟢 Reviewing Priority Sector Lending (PSL) and the Lead Bank Scheme.
🟢 Strengthening talent acquisition and capacity-building for the banking workforce.

🔆 SECURITY

📍 Rafale Marine’s First Landing on INS Vikrant
🟢 A French-origin Rafale Marine fighter jet completed its maiden landing and take-off aboard India’s indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant on 29 October 2026.
🟢 The milestone was achieved on the aircraft’s first attempt after shore-based trials at INS Hansa, Goa.
🟢 Trials assessed compatibility with the carrier’s STOBAR (Short Take-Off But Arrested Recovery) system, including ski-jump launches and deck arresting gear.
🟢 India has contracted 26 Rafale Marine aircraft from France: 22 single-seat fighters and 4 twin-seat trainers.
🟢 The procurement is valued at approximately ₹63,000 crore.
🟢 Deliveries are expected to begin in late 2028 or early 2029 and conclude by 2030–31.
🟢 Significance: Strengthens India’s carrier-based naval aviation capabilities.

#CurrentAffairs

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 Genus Neoterpnosia
🟢 Neoterpnosia is a genus of cicadas belonging to the family Cicadidae.
🟢 First described in 2014 by entomologists Young June Lee and David Emery; the name means “new Terpnosia”.
🟢 Belongs to the subtribe Euterpnosiina, tribe Leptopsaltriini and subfamily Cicadinae.
🟢 Diagnostic features include a very short basal portion of the forewing’s RA2 vein, lateral abdominal inflation in males and distinctive genital structures.
🟢 The genus includes five recognised species distributed across South and Southeast Asia.
🟢 Neoterpnosia mawphlangensis, described in 2026, was found in the semi-evergreen subtropical pine forests of the Mawphlang Hills, Meghalaya.
🟢 It is noted for its dusk-peaking mating chorus, camouflage against mossy trees and distinctive wing markings.

📍 Allocaecilius nilgiriensis
🟢 A newly discovered barklouse species identified by scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI).
🟢 Found in high-altitude shola forests and evergreen rainforests of the Southern Western Ghats, across Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
🟢 Belongs to the family Pseudocaeciliidae and is only the second species of the genus Allocaecilius recorded in India.
🟢 Its discovery brings the known global total of Allocaecilius species to 13.
🟢 Diagnostic features include distinctive brown patches on the forewings and specialised abdominal structures.
🟢 Ecological role: Barklice feed on mould, fungi, algae, lichens and dead organic matter on tree bark, functioning as natural micro-scavengers.

📍 Anil Menon’s Fourth Spacewalk at the ISS
🟢 NASA astronaut Anil Menon completed his fourth career spacewalk on 29 October 2026, alongside Canadian astronaut Joshua Kutryk.
🟢 Duration: 7 hours and 11 minutes.
🟢 The astronauts installed and deployed the seventh of eight International Space Station Roll-Out Solar Arrays (iROSAs) on the station’s 2A electrical power channel.
🟢 The multi-year upgrade programme aims to increase the ISS’s power-generation capacity by up to 30%.
🟢 The mission marked the 100th US spacewalk from the ISS’s Quest airlock without a Space Shuttle docked and the 285th spacewalk supporting station assembly, maintenance and upgrades.
🟢 Menon’s cumulative spacewalking time reached 26 hours and 31 minutes.
🟢 A follow-up spacewalk was scheduled for 5 November 2026 to install the eighth and final iROSA.

🔆 SPORTS

📍 World Boxing U19 Championships 2026
🟢 India finished the championships in Budva, Montenegro, with 4 medals: 1 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze.

📍 Indian Medal Winners
🟢 Aditya: Gold — Men’s 55 kg.
🟢 Megha Sheokand: Silver — Women’s 80 kg.
🟢 Harshika: Bronze — Women’s 65 kg.
🟢 Prachi Tokas: Bronze — Women’s 80+ kg.

📍 Key Performances
🟢 Aditya defeated Russia’s Islam Magomedov 4–1 in the men’s 55 kg final to secure India’s only gold.
🟢 Megha Sheokand reached the women’s 80 kg final but lost to Russia’s Ekaterina Frolova by a unanimous decision.
🟢 Harshika and Prachi Tokas secured bronze medals in their respective categories.

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31 october UPSC current affairs

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🔆 DELHI DECLARATION 2026
📍 GS II: Urban Governance | GS III: Climate Change

🔆 WHY IN NEWS?
🟢 The ARISE Cities Forum 2026 concluded in New Delhi with the Delhi Declaration on Local Action for Global Climate Goals, calling for greater recognition of cities and local governments in climate decision-making ahead of COP31 in Antalya, Türkiye.

🔆 1. ARISE CITIES FORUM 2026
🟢 Date: 27–28 October 2026.
🟢 Organisers: ICLEI South Asia and the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA), with support from MoHUA.
🟢 Participation: 200+ participants from 50+ cities across 18+ countries.
🟢 Theme: “From Bharat to Antalya — Commit. Implement. Deliver.”

🔆 2. KEY COMMITMENTS
The Declaration outlines 10 commitments, including:

🟢 Taking the cities’ agenda to COP31.
🟢 Strengthening climate adaptation and cooperation across environmental conventions.
🟢 Promoting circularity and zero waste.
🟢 Advancing energy transition aligned with the 1.5°C pathway.
🟢 Ensuring just transitions and multilevel climate finance.
🟢 Strengthening independent science, data and coordination across governance levels.
🟢 Promoting Global South urban leadership, youth and community participation.

🟢 A Delhi Biodiversity Map, developed by ICLEI South Asia, was also launched.

🔆 3. WHY CITIES MATTER
🟢 Climate Action: Cities implement climate policies through transport, buildings, water and waste management.
🟢 Adaptation: Urban areas face heatwaves, floods and water stress.
🟢 Localising NDCs: Translating national climate pledges under the Paris Agreement (2015) into city-level plans.
🟢 Global South: Developing countries need greater representation and resources for urban climate action.

🔆 4. INDIA’S POLICY FRAMEWORK
🟢 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992: Introduced Part IXA and the Twelfth Schedule, covering 18 municipal functions, including urban planning, water supply and environmental protection.
🟢 NAPCC (2008): Includes the National Mission on Sustainable Habitat.
🟢 Smart Cities Mission & AMRUT (2015): Support urban infrastructure and service delivery.
🟢 Mission LiFE: Encourages environmentally responsible lifestyles.

🔆 5. KEY CHALLENGES
🟢 Climate Finance: Cities have limited direct access to international climate funds.
🟢 Weak Municipal Capacity: Shortages of technical staff and limited own-source revenue.
🟢 Incomplete Devolution: Twelfth Schedule functions are unevenly transferred to urban local bodies.
🟢 Limited Global Role: Local governments participate in UNFCCC processes through the LGMA constituency but do not have formal negotiating authority.

🔆 6. WAY FORWARD
🟢 Expand predictable, accessible multilevel climate finance.
🟢 Strengthen municipal revenues, technical capacity and climate data systems.
🟢 Prioritise heat action plans, flood resilience, electric public transport and urban greening.
🟢 Improve coordination among national, state and local governments.

🔆 MAINS QUESTION

“National climate pledges are ultimately implemented in cities. Discuss the role of urban local bodies in achieving India’s climate goals and examine the institutional and financial constraints they face.” (15 marks | 250 words)

#Environment

Global Forest Resources Assessment (GFRA 2025 - FAO):
India’s Rank: 9th globally in total forest area (an improvement from 10th in 2020); ranks 3rd in annual net forest area gain.
Release Site: Bali, Indonesia.

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