🔆BUDDHISM
✅The religion is based upon the teachings, life experiences of its founder Siddhartha Gautam, born in circa 563 BCE.
✅ Buddha asked his followers to avoid the two extremes of indulgence in worldly pleasure and the practice of strict abstinence and asceticism.
✅He ascribed instead the 'Madhyam Marg' or the middle path which was to be followed.
▪️GAUTAMA BUDDHA
(563 BC-483 BC)
✅He is also known as Siddharta, Sakyamuni & Tathagata
✅Belong to Sakya Clan
✅ Father: Siddhodana
✅ Mother: Mayadevi
✅ Birth Place: Lumbini, capital of Sakya republic
✅Teachers: Alarakama and UdrakaRamputra
✅Enlightenment: At age of 33 under Pipal tree at Uruvella (Bodhgaya) on banks of river Niranjana (Falgu).
✅First Sermon: Sarnath (Deer park) on Dharma Chakra Parivarthana to 5 disciples
including Mahakasyapa (first disciple)
✅Mahaparinirvana: At Kushinagar at age of 80.
▪️LITERARY SOURCES:
✅ Ceylonese Chronicles - MAHAVAMSA by Mahanama, DEPAVAMSA and ATTAKATHA
by Wattagamani.
✅Tibetan Chronicles- DIVYAVANDANA-KALACHAKRA
✅TRIPITAKA/ Three baskets of Buddhist scripture -
✅SUTTAPITAKA [sutra related to Buddha and companion]
✅ VINAYPITAKA [monastic rules] and
✅ABHIDHAMPITAKA [Doctrine and philosophy of Buddhism]
✅JATAKA FOLKLORE [stories related to birth of Buddha]/ In Chinese they are called SADOK.
✅MILINDAPANHA [Questions of Milinda that is greek king Meander and answers of
Buddhist monk nagasena]
3 JEWELS OF BUDDHISM (TRIRATNA)
✅Buddha, Dhamma & Sangha.
#revision_notes
#history
#Ancient_History
#prelims
#mains
#Buddism
Join @CSE_EXAM
✅The religion is based upon the teachings, life experiences of its founder Siddhartha Gautam, born in circa 563 BCE.
✅ Buddha asked his followers to avoid the two extremes of indulgence in worldly pleasure and the practice of strict abstinence and asceticism.
✅He ascribed instead the 'Madhyam Marg' or the middle path which was to be followed.
▪️GAUTAMA BUDDHA
(563 BC-483 BC)
✅He is also known as Siddharta, Sakyamuni & Tathagata
✅Belong to Sakya Clan
✅ Father: Siddhodana
✅ Mother: Mayadevi
✅ Birth Place: Lumbini, capital of Sakya republic
✅Teachers: Alarakama and UdrakaRamputra
✅Enlightenment: At age of 33 under Pipal tree at Uruvella (Bodhgaya) on banks of river Niranjana (Falgu).
✅First Sermon: Sarnath (Deer park) on Dharma Chakra Parivarthana to 5 disciples
including Mahakasyapa (first disciple)
✅Mahaparinirvana: At Kushinagar at age of 80.
▪️LITERARY SOURCES:
✅ Ceylonese Chronicles - MAHAVAMSA by Mahanama, DEPAVAMSA and ATTAKATHA
by Wattagamani.
✅Tibetan Chronicles- DIVYAVANDANA-KALACHAKRA
✅TRIPITAKA/ Three baskets of Buddhist scripture -
✅SUTTAPITAKA [sutra related to Buddha and companion]
✅ VINAYPITAKA [monastic rules] and
✅ABHIDHAMPITAKA [Doctrine and philosophy of Buddhism]
✅JATAKA FOLKLORE [stories related to birth of Buddha]/ In Chinese they are called SADOK.
✅MILINDAPANHA [Questions of Milinda that is greek king Meander and answers of
Buddhist monk nagasena]
3 JEWELS OF BUDDHISM (TRIRATNA)
✅Buddha, Dhamma & Sangha.
#revision_notes
#history
#Ancient_History
#prelims
#mains
#Buddism
Join @CSE_EXAM
👍1
🔆GREAT EVENTS OF BUDDHA’S LIFE - SYMBOLS
✅Avakranti (conception or descent) - White Elephant
✅Jati (birth) Lotus and - Bull
✅Mahabhinishkramana (Great Renunciation) - Horse
✅ Nirvana/ Sambodhi (enlightenment) - Bodhi tree
✅Dharmachakra Parivarthana (first Sermon) - Wheel
✅ Mahaparinirvana (Death) - Stupa
#revision_notes
#history
#Ancient_History
#prelims
#mains
#Buddism
Join @CSE_EXAM
✅Avakranti (conception or descent) - White Elephant
✅Jati (birth) Lotus and - Bull
✅Mahabhinishkramana (Great Renunciation) - Horse
✅ Nirvana/ Sambodhi (enlightenment) - Bodhi tree
✅Dharmachakra Parivarthana (first Sermon) - Wheel
✅ Mahaparinirvana (Death) - Stupa
#revision_notes
#history
#Ancient_History
#prelims
#mains
#Buddism
Join @CSE_EXAM
▪️5 TEACHINGS OF BUDDHA [PANCHSHILA]
1. No killing Respect for life.
2. Abstention from theft.
3. Abstention from sexual misconduct.
4. Abstention from falsehood.
5. Abstention from intoxication.
▪️4 NOBLE TRUTHS: ‘ARYA SATYAS’
1. World is full of misery (Sabbam Dukkam)
2. Desire is a root cause of sorrow (Pratitya Samputpada)
3. Desire can be conquered (DukhaNirodha)
4. Desire can be conquered by following Astangika marga.
▪️EIGHT-FOLD PATHS (ASTANGIKA MARGA)
The path consists of various interconnected activities related to knowledge,conduct, and meditative practices.
✅Right view + Right intention + Right speech + Right action + Right livelihood + Right mindfulness + Right effort + Right concentration
▪️FIVE PRECEPTS OR PANCHASHIL
✅Buddha also established code of conduct both for the monastic order and the
laymen to follow which are also known as the Five Precepts or Pancasil and refrain from them:
✅ Violence + Stealing + Sexual misconduct + Lying or gossip + Taking intoxicating
substances e.g. drugs or drink.
▪️THREE PITAKAS
✅The Vinaya Pitaka consists of rules of conduct and discipline applicable to the
monastic life of the monks and nuns.
✅ The Sutta Pitaka consists of the main teaching or Dhamma of Buddha. It is divided into five Nikayas or collections:
1. Digha Nikaya
2. Majjhima Nikaya
3. Samyutta Nikaya
4. Anguttara Nikaya
5. Khuddaka Nikaya
✅ The Abhidamma Pitaka is a philosophical analysis and systematization of the
teaching and the scholarly activity of the monks.
✅ Other important Buddhist texts include Divyavadana, Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa,
Milind Panha etc.
#revision_notes
#history
#Ancient_History
#prelims
#mains
#Buddism
Join @CSE_EXAM
1. No killing Respect for life.
2. Abstention from theft.
3. Abstention from sexual misconduct.
4. Abstention from falsehood.
5. Abstention from intoxication.
▪️4 NOBLE TRUTHS: ‘ARYA SATYAS’
1. World is full of misery (Sabbam Dukkam)
2. Desire is a root cause of sorrow (Pratitya Samputpada)
3. Desire can be conquered (DukhaNirodha)
4. Desire can be conquered by following Astangika marga.
▪️EIGHT-FOLD PATHS (ASTANGIKA MARGA)
The path consists of various interconnected activities related to knowledge,conduct, and meditative practices.
✅Right view + Right intention + Right speech + Right action + Right livelihood + Right mindfulness + Right effort + Right concentration
▪️FIVE PRECEPTS OR PANCHASHIL
✅Buddha also established code of conduct both for the monastic order and the
laymen to follow which are also known as the Five Precepts or Pancasil and refrain from them:
✅ Violence + Stealing + Sexual misconduct + Lying or gossip + Taking intoxicating
substances e.g. drugs or drink.
▪️THREE PITAKAS
✅The Vinaya Pitaka consists of rules of conduct and discipline applicable to the
monastic life of the monks and nuns.
✅ The Sutta Pitaka consists of the main teaching or Dhamma of Buddha. It is divided into five Nikayas or collections:
1. Digha Nikaya
2. Majjhima Nikaya
3. Samyutta Nikaya
4. Anguttara Nikaya
5. Khuddaka Nikaya
✅ The Abhidamma Pitaka is a philosophical analysis and systematization of the
teaching and the scholarly activity of the monks.
✅ Other important Buddhist texts include Divyavadana, Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa,
Milind Panha etc.
#revision_notes
#history
#Ancient_History
#prelims
#mains
#Buddism
Join @CSE_EXAM
👍4
▪️BUDDHIST SANGHA AND ITS FEATURES:
✅ The oldest prayer place in history where slaves, Insolvents, and diseased were not allowed.
✅There were 64 types of crimes called Pathimokshas, which were prohibited
✅ Women were also allowed to join.
▪️IMPORTANT BUDDHIST SCHOLARS:
✅MOGGALIPUTTA TISSA – launched ASHOKA’S dhamma campaign
✅ASVAGOSHA- wrote BUDDHACHARITA and Sanskrit drama SARIPUTRA PRAKRAN [sariputra the disciple of Buddha]
✅ NAGARJUNA - Founded madhyamik school of mahayanbuddism, gave theory of SUNYAVAD’ EMPTINESS’ and important work include ‘MULAMADHYAMAKAKARIKA’
✅BUDDHAGOSH - most important commentator of Theravada, important work is VISUDDIMAGGA.
✅DHARMAKIRTI - Teacher at Nalanda, called as ‘kant of india’
▪️UNESCO’S HERITAGE SITES RELATED TO BUDDHISM:
1. Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar
2. Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, MP
3. Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya, Bihar
4. Ajanta Caves Aurangabad, Maharashtra
NOTE: Heritage City Development Scheme (HRIDAY) and identification of 3 Buddhist circuits are some of the few initiatives by central government to harness the Buddhist pilgrims to both augment the Tourism and employment opportunities.
#revision_notes
#history
#Ancient_History
#prelims
#mains
#Buddism
Join @CSE_EXAM
✅ The oldest prayer place in history where slaves, Insolvents, and diseased were not allowed.
✅There were 64 types of crimes called Pathimokshas, which were prohibited
✅ Women were also allowed to join.
▪️IMPORTANT BUDDHIST SCHOLARS:
✅MOGGALIPUTTA TISSA – launched ASHOKA’S dhamma campaign
✅ASVAGOSHA- wrote BUDDHACHARITA and Sanskrit drama SARIPUTRA PRAKRAN [sariputra the disciple of Buddha]
✅ NAGARJUNA - Founded madhyamik school of mahayanbuddism, gave theory of SUNYAVAD’ EMPTINESS’ and important work include ‘MULAMADHYAMAKAKARIKA’
✅BUDDHAGOSH - most important commentator of Theravada, important work is VISUDDIMAGGA.
✅DHARMAKIRTI - Teacher at Nalanda, called as ‘kant of india’
▪️UNESCO’S HERITAGE SITES RELATED TO BUDDHISM:
1. Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar
2. Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, MP
3. Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya, Bihar
4. Ajanta Caves Aurangabad, Maharashtra
NOTE: Heritage City Development Scheme (HRIDAY) and identification of 3 Buddhist circuits are some of the few initiatives by central government to harness the Buddhist pilgrims to both augment the Tourism and employment opportunities.
#revision_notes
#history
#Ancient_History
#prelims
#mains
#Buddism
Join @CSE_EXAM