🔆 Revolutionary Activities in India (Part 1)
📍 Nasik Conspiracy Case (1909)
✅ Anant Kanhare & Ganesh Savarkar shot dead Collector Jackson of Nasik.
✅ V.D. Savarkar was charged and sentenced to life imprisonment in Andaman in 1910.
📍 Muzaffarpur Shooting (1908)
✅ Also known as Manicktolla Bomb Intrigue or Alipore Bomb Case.
✅ Khudi Ram & Prafulla Chaki attempted to kill the British judge but ended up killing his wife & daughter.
📍 Delhi Conspiracy Case
✅ Bomb thrown at Lord Hardinge during a procession shifting the capital to Delhi.
✅ 13 people arrested; Amir Chand, Awadh Bihari, Bal Mukund & Basant Kumar Biswas were hanged.
📍 Gadar Movement (1915)
✅ Led by Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna, Lala Hardayal, & Pandit Kashiram in San Francisco.
✅ Raja Mahendra Pratap set up a government-in-exile in Kabul for India's independence.
📍 Lahore Conspiracy Case (1915)
✅ A crackdown on Gadar revolutionaries; Bhai Parmanand, Vishnu Ganesh Pingle & Kartar Singh Sarabha were arrested.
📍 Lahore Conspiracy Case (Saunder’s Murder) (1927)
✅ Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, & Sukhdev killed Police Officer John Saunders.
✅ Their original target was James Scott, responsible for Lala Lajpat Rai’s death.
📍 Kakori Conspiracy Case (1925)
✅ Ram Prasad Bismil, Rajendra Lahiri, Roshan Singh, & Ashfaqullah Khan were hanged.
✅ Chandrasekhar Azad was also involved but escaped.
📍 Meerut Conspiracy (1929)
✅ Bomb explosion in Central Legislative Assembly by Bhagat Singh & B.K. Dutt.
✅ Protested against Trade Disputes Bill & Public Safety Bill introduced by the British.
📍 Chittagong Armoury Raid (1930-32)
✅ Led by Surya Sen, attacked British armories in Chittagong, Mymensingh & Barisal.
✅ Key revolutionaries: Ambika Chakraborty, Loknath Bal, Ganesh Ghose.
#FreedomStruggle #Revolutionaries #IndianHistory
📍 Nasik Conspiracy Case (1909)
✅ Anant Kanhare & Ganesh Savarkar shot dead Collector Jackson of Nasik.
✅ V.D. Savarkar was charged and sentenced to life imprisonment in Andaman in 1910.
📍 Muzaffarpur Shooting (1908)
✅ Also known as Manicktolla Bomb Intrigue or Alipore Bomb Case.
✅ Khudi Ram & Prafulla Chaki attempted to kill the British judge but ended up killing his wife & daughter.
📍 Delhi Conspiracy Case
✅ Bomb thrown at Lord Hardinge during a procession shifting the capital to Delhi.
✅ 13 people arrested; Amir Chand, Awadh Bihari, Bal Mukund & Basant Kumar Biswas were hanged.
📍 Gadar Movement (1915)
✅ Led by Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna, Lala Hardayal, & Pandit Kashiram in San Francisco.
✅ Raja Mahendra Pratap set up a government-in-exile in Kabul for India's independence.
📍 Lahore Conspiracy Case (1915)
✅ A crackdown on Gadar revolutionaries; Bhai Parmanand, Vishnu Ganesh Pingle & Kartar Singh Sarabha were arrested.
📍 Lahore Conspiracy Case (Saunder’s Murder) (1927)
✅ Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, & Sukhdev killed Police Officer John Saunders.
✅ Their original target was James Scott, responsible for Lala Lajpat Rai’s death.
📍 Kakori Conspiracy Case (1925)
✅ Ram Prasad Bismil, Rajendra Lahiri, Roshan Singh, & Ashfaqullah Khan were hanged.
✅ Chandrasekhar Azad was also involved but escaped.
📍 Meerut Conspiracy (1929)
✅ Bomb explosion in Central Legislative Assembly by Bhagat Singh & B.K. Dutt.
✅ Protested against Trade Disputes Bill & Public Safety Bill introduced by the British.
📍 Chittagong Armoury Raid (1930-32)
✅ Led by Surya Sen, attacked British armories in Chittagong, Mymensingh & Barisal.
✅ Key revolutionaries: Ambika Chakraborty, Loknath Bal, Ganesh Ghose.
#FreedomStruggle #Revolutionaries #IndianHistory
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🔆 Wall of Peace & Murals – UPSC Notes
📍 What is the News?
✅ Wall of Peace inaugurated at Cherpulassery, Kerala.
📍 About Wall of Peace
✅ 700-feet mural on Govt. Vocational Higher Secondary School wall.
✅ Promotes diversity, tolerance & coexistence; “Peace” inscribed in 250 languages.
✅ Depicts Mozhikunnath Brahmadattan Namboodiripad (1921 Malabar Rebellion) & Mahatma Gandhi’s visit.
📍 What is a Mural?
✅ Artwork painted/applied directly on walls, ceilings, or permanent surfaces.
✅ Techniques: Fresco, Mosaic, Graffiti, Marouflage.
✅ Indian murals date back to 2nd century BCE – 8th/10th century CE.
✅ Major sites: Ajanta, Bagh, Sittanavasal, Armamalai, Ravan Chhaya, Kailashnath Temple (Ellora).
✅ Themes: Predominantly Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism.
#ArtAndCulture #art_and_culture #IndianHistory
📍 What is the News?
✅ Wall of Peace inaugurated at Cherpulassery, Kerala.
📍 About Wall of Peace
✅ 700-feet mural on Govt. Vocational Higher Secondary School wall.
✅ Promotes diversity, tolerance & coexistence; “Peace” inscribed in 250 languages.
✅ Depicts Mozhikunnath Brahmadattan Namboodiripad (1921 Malabar Rebellion) & Mahatma Gandhi’s visit.
📍 What is a Mural?
✅ Artwork painted/applied directly on walls, ceilings, or permanent surfaces.
✅ Techniques: Fresco, Mosaic, Graffiti, Marouflage.
✅ Indian murals date back to 2nd century BCE – 8th/10th century CE.
✅ Major sites: Ajanta, Bagh, Sittanavasal, Armamalai, Ravan Chhaya, Kailashnath Temple (Ellora).
✅ Themes: Predominantly Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism.
✅ Prelims Question
Which of the following sites are known for ancient mural paintings in India?
1. Ajanta
2. Ellora
3. Sittanavasal
4. Konark
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans: (a)
✅ Mains Question
Discuss the cultural and historical significance of mural paintings in India, with examples. How do projects like the Wall of Peace help promote social harmony today? (150 words)
#ArtAndCulture #art_and_culture #IndianHistory
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