🟢 IMPORTANT AMENDMENTS TO THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

👨‍⚖ 42nd Amendment (1976) – The ‘Mini Constitution’
- Words Added: ‘Secular’, ‘Socialist’, and ‘Integrity’ to the Preamble.
- Citizens' Duties: Introduced 10 basic duties of citizens alongside rights.
- Lok Sabha Tenure: Increased by one year.
- Policy Directive Principles: Added new elements.
- Concurrent List: Education, weights and measures, forests, and protection of wild animals and birds moved from the state list.
- Emergency Provision: Emergency under Article 352 can be imposed in the entire country or specific parts.
- Judicial Challenge: Constitutional amendments by Parliament barred from court challenges.

👨‍⚖ 44th Amendment (1978)
- Property Rights: Abolished as a fundamental right, made a legal right.
- Lok Sabha Tenure: Reduced back to 5 years.
- Election Disputes: Supreme and High Courts restored the right to hear election disputes involving the President, Vice President, Prime Minister, and Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
- Presidential Advice: The President can ask the Cabinet to reconsider advice, but must accept it after reconsideration.
- Right to Life and Liberty: Cannot be suspended or limited by the government, even during an emergency.

👨‍⚖ 52nd Amendment (1985)
- Tenth Schedule: Added to the Constitution to legally ban political defection.

👨‍⚖ 55th Amendment (1986)
- Arunachal Pradesh: Granted state status.

👨‍⚖ 56th Amendment (1987)
- Goa Statehood: Full statehood status given to Goa; 'Daman and Diu' made a new union territory.

👨‍⚖ 61st Amendment (1989)
- Voting Age: Reduced from 21 years to 18 years.

👨‍⚖ 65th Amendment (1990)
- Scheduled Castes and Tribes Commission: Formation authorized

#CGL2024 #CHSL #Railway #GK #Polity

👨‍✈️अध्यक्ष / Chairman

-राष्ट्रीय उपभोक्ता आयोग के प्रथम अध्यक्ष:- बालकृष्ण ईराड़ी
-राष्ट्रीय मानव अधिकार आयोग प्रथम अध्यक्ष:- न्यायमूर्ति रंगनाथ मिश्रा
-राष्ट्रीय महिला आयोग प्रथम अध्यक्ष:- जयंती पटनायक
-राष्ट्रीय पिछड़ा वर्ग आयोग प्रथम अध्यक्ष:- न्यायमूर्ति आर. एन. प्रसाद
-राष्ट्रीय अल्पसंख्यक आयोग प्रथम अध्यक्ष:- न्यायमूर्ति मोहम्मद सरदार अली खान

-First Chairman of National Consumer Commission:- Balkrishna Eradi
-First Chairman of National Human Rights Commission:- Justice Ranganath Mishra
-First Chairman of National Women's Commission:- Jayanti Patnaik
-First Chairman of National Backward Classes Commission:- Justice R. N. Prasad
-First Chairman of National Minority Commission:- Justice Mohammad Sardar Ali Khan


#CGL2024 #CHSL #Railway #GK #GS

🎊 FESTIVALS / उत्सव / महोत्सव 2024
#SSC #CGL #CHSL #RRB #NTPC

🔸 Shigmotsav 2024 - Goa
🔹 Dol Jatra Festival - West Bengal
🔸 Gorsam Kora Festival - Arunachal Pradesh
🔹 Herath Festival - Jammu Kashmir
🔸 Chapcharkut Festival - Mizoram
🔹 Flower Festival 2024 - New Delhi
🔸 International Gita Festival 2024 - Colombo, Sri Lanka
🔹 Vaikasi Visagam 2024 - Tamil Nadu
🔸 Saga Dawa Festival - Sikkim
🔹 Matatheertha Aunsi Festival - Nepal
🔸 Thrissur Pooram - Kerala
🔹 Biscuit Jatra Festival - Nepal
🔸 Longte Yulo Festival - Arunachal Pradesh
🔹 Apricot Blossom Festival - Ladakh

🔸 शिगमोत्सव 2024 - गोवा
🔹 डोल जात्रा महोत्सव - पश्चिम बंगाल
🔸 गोरसम कोरा महोत्सव - अरुणाचल प्रदेश
🔹 हेराथ पर्व - जम्मू कश्मीर
🔸 चापचारकुट महोत्सव - मिजोरम
🔹 पुष्प महोत्सव 2024 - नई दिल्ली
🔸 अंतर्राष्ट्रीय गीता महोत्सव 2024 - कोलंबो, श्रीलंका
🔹 वैकासी विसागम 2024 - तमिलनाडु
🔸 सागा दावा महोत्सव - सिक्किम
🔹 मातातीर्थ औंसी उत्सव - नेपाल
🔸 त्रिशूर पूरम - केरल
🔹 बिस्किट जात्रा महोत्सव - नेपाल
🔸 लोंगटे यूलो त्यौहार - अरुणाचल प्रदेश
🔹 खुबानी खिलना महोत्सव - लद्दाख

✍ Credit -  Pihu kaur⋆˙

🎊 FESTIVALS / उत्सव / महोत्सव 2024
#SSC #CGL #CHSL #RRB #NTPC

🔸 Shigmotsav 2024 - Goa
🔹 Dol Jatra Festival - West Bengal
🔸 Gorsam Kora Festival - Arunachal Pradesh
🔹 Herath Festival - Jammu Kashmir
🔸 Chapcharkut Festival - Mizoram
🔹 Flower Festival 2024 - New Delhi
🔸 International Gita Festival 2024 - Colombo, Sri Lanka
🔹 Vaikasi Visagam 2024 - Tamil Nadu
🔸 Saga Dawa Festival - Sikkim
🔹 Matatheertha Aunsi Festival - Nepal
🔸 Thrissur Pooram - Kerala
🔹 Biscuit Jatra Festival - Nepal
🔸 Longte Yulo Festival - Arunachal Pradesh
🔹 Apricot Blossom Festival - Ladakh

🔸 शिगमोत्सव 2024 - गोवा
🔹 डोल जात्रा महोत्सव - पश्चिम बंगाल
🔸 गोरसम कोरा महोत्सव - अरुणाचल प्रदेश
🔹 हेराथ पर्व - जम्मू कश्मीर
🔸 चापचारकुट महोत्सव - मिजोरम
🔹 पुष्प महोत्सव 2024 - नई दिल्ली
🔸 अंतर्राष्ट्रीय गीता महोत्सव 2024 - कोलंबो, श्रीलंका
🔹 वैकासी विसागम 2024 - तमिलनाडु
🔸 सागा दावा महोत्सव - सिक्किम
🔹 मातातीर्थ औंसी उत्सव - नेपाल
🔸 त्रिशूर पूरम - केरल
🔹 बिस्किट जात्रा महोत्सव - नेपाल
🔸 लोंगटे यूलो त्यौहार - अरुणाचल प्रदेश
🔹 खुबानी खिलना महोत्सव - लद्दाख

🏵 LATEST FESTIVAL IN NEWS 2024

🪴 Festival Name ➖ State Name
🔹 Herath Festival ➖ J&K 
🔹 Khajuraho Dance Festival ➖ Madhya Pradesh 
🔹 Maru Mahotsav or Jaisalmer Desert Festival ➖ Rajasthan 
🔹 Kanchoth festival ➖ Jammu and Kashmir 
🔹 Torgya (Monpa tribal) ➖ Arunachal Pradesh 
🔹 Kachai Lemon Festival ➖ Manipur 
🔹 Losoong (Namsoong) ➖ Sikkim 
🔹 Losar Festival, Spituk Gustor ➖ Ladakh 

✍ Credit -  Pihu kaur⋆˙