๐ข IMPORTANT AMENDMENTS TO THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION
๐จโโ 42nd Amendment (1976) โ The โMini Constitutionโ
- Words Added: โSecularโ, โSocialistโ, and โIntegrityโ to the Preamble.
- Citizens' Duties: Introduced 10 basic duties of citizens alongside rights.
- Lok Sabha Tenure: Increased by one year.
- Policy Directive Principles: Added new elements.
- Concurrent List: Education, weights and measures, forests, and protection of wild animals and birds moved from the state list.
- Emergency Provision: Emergency under Article 352 can be imposed in the entire country or specific parts.
- Judicial Challenge: Constitutional amendments by Parliament barred from court challenges.
๐จโโ 44th Amendment (1978)
- Property Rights: Abolished as a fundamental right, made a legal right.
- Lok Sabha Tenure: Reduced back to 5 years.
- Election Disputes: Supreme and High Courts restored the right to hear election disputes involving the President, Vice President, Prime Minister, and Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
- Presidential Advice: The President can ask the Cabinet to reconsider advice, but must accept it after reconsideration.
- Right to Life and Liberty: Cannot be suspended or limited by the government, even during an emergency.
๐จโโ 52nd Amendment (1985)
- Tenth Schedule: Added to the Constitution to legally ban political defection.
๐จโโ 55th Amendment (1986)
- Arunachal Pradesh: Granted state status.
๐จโโ 56th Amendment (1987)
- Goa Statehood: Full statehood status given to Goa; 'Daman and Diu' made a new union territory.
๐จโโ 61st Amendment (1989)
- Voting Age: Reduced from 21 years to 18 years.
๐จโโ 65th Amendment (1990)
- Scheduled Castes and Tribes Commission: Formation authorized
#CGL2024 #CHSL #Railway #GK #Polity
๐จโโ 42nd Amendment (1976) โ The โMini Constitutionโ
- Words Added: โSecularโ, โSocialistโ, and โIntegrityโ to the Preamble.
- Citizens' Duties: Introduced 10 basic duties of citizens alongside rights.
- Lok Sabha Tenure: Increased by one year.
- Policy Directive Principles: Added new elements.
- Concurrent List: Education, weights and measures, forests, and protection of wild animals and birds moved from the state list.
- Emergency Provision: Emergency under Article 352 can be imposed in the entire country or specific parts.
- Judicial Challenge: Constitutional amendments by Parliament barred from court challenges.
๐จโโ 44th Amendment (1978)
- Property Rights: Abolished as a fundamental right, made a legal right.
- Lok Sabha Tenure: Reduced back to 5 years.
- Election Disputes: Supreme and High Courts restored the right to hear election disputes involving the President, Vice President, Prime Minister, and Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
- Presidential Advice: The President can ask the Cabinet to reconsider advice, but must accept it after reconsideration.
- Right to Life and Liberty: Cannot be suspended or limited by the government, even during an emergency.
๐จโโ 52nd Amendment (1985)
- Tenth Schedule: Added to the Constitution to legally ban political defection.
๐จโโ 55th Amendment (1986)
- Arunachal Pradesh: Granted state status.
๐จโโ 56th Amendment (1987)
- Goa Statehood: Full statehood status given to Goa; 'Daman and Diu' made a new union territory.
๐จโโ 61st Amendment (1989)
- Voting Age: Reduced from 21 years to 18 years.
๐จโโ 65th Amendment (1990)
- Scheduled Castes and Tribes Commission: Formation authorized
#CGL2024 #CHSL #Railway #GK #Polity