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#stimains2016

भारतीय लष्कराने नियंत्रण रेषा ओलांडून पाकव्याप्त काश्मीरमधील दहशतवादी तळांवर कारवाई करण्यासाठी भारतीय अवकाश संशोधन संस्था 'इस्त्रो'ची मदत घेतल्याची माहिती समोर आली आहे. टाइम्स ऑफ इंडियाने दिलेल्या वृत्तानुसार इस्त्रोने अवकाशात पाठवलेल्या कार्टोसेट उपग्रहांच्या मालिकेतील (2C) उपग्रहाने टिपलेल्या छायाचित्रांचा कारवाई दरम्यान लष्कराने उपयोग केला.

बुधवारी रात्री १२.३० ते पहाटे ४.३० पर्यंत चार तास चालेल्या कारवाईत भारतीय लष्कराच्या स्पेशल फोर्सेसच्या कमांडोंनी पाकव्याप्त काश्मीरमधील सात दहशतवादी तळ उद्धवस्त करुन ३८ दहशतवाद्यांचा खात्मा केला. 

आम्ही लष्कराला छायाचित्रे पाठवत असतो. अमुक एका दिवशी आम्ही हे छायाचित्र पाठवले ही माहिती आम्ही देऊ शकत नाही. पण लष्कराला आम्ही छायाचित्रे पाठवत असतो. कार्टोसेट उपग्रहाच्या छायाचित्रांचा मुख्य उद्देश हाच आहे अशी माहिती इस्त्रोमधील सूत्रांनी दिली. 

कार्टोसॅट उपग्रहाचा दुहेरी उद्देशासाठी वापर करता येतो. कार्टोसॅट म्हणजे भारताचे आकाशातील नेत्र आहेत असे तज्ञांनी सांगितले. कार्टोसॅट २ सी मुळे भारतीय लष्कराच्या टेहळणी आणि प्रतिकारक्षमतेमध्ये मोठया प्रमाणात वाढ झाली आहे. 

या उपग्रहाकडून गरजेनुसार विशेष जागेची छायाचित्रे मिळू शकतात. कार्टोसॅटचा वापर फक्त छायाचित्रांपुरताच मर्यादीत नाही तर, हा उपग्रह विशेष संवेदनशील लक्ष्यांचे अवकाशातून चित्रीकरण करु शकतो. कार्टोसॅट मालिकेतील पहिला उपग्रह २००५ साली अवकाशात पाठवण्यात आला.

२००७ मध्ये कार्टोसॅट -२A उपग्रहाचे प्रक्षेपण करण्यात आले. कार्टोसॅट -२A शेजारच्या देशातील क्षेपणास्त्र प्रक्षेपणाची माहिती देतो. 

Mpscsimplified चा टेलिग्राम ग्रुप
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#upscpre2017

Chabahar port?

It is located on the Makran coast, Chabahar in southeastern Iran.
Its location lies in the Gulf of Oman. This coast is a relatively underdeveloped free trade and industrial zone, especially when compared to the sprawling port of Bandar Abbas further west. Also, it is the only Iranian port with direct access to the ocean.

For India, Chabahar is of strategic importance for the following reasons:

It is the nearest port to India on the Iranian coast, which provides access to the resources and markets of Afghanistan and Central Asia.
It is located 76 nautical miles (less than 150km) west of the Pakistani port of Gwadar, being developed by China.
This makes it ideal for keeping track of Chinese or Pakistani military activity based out of Gwadar.

Also, Chabahar port is suitably located to serve India’s outreach in the region to Afghanistan and beyond as well as link with International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) to which India is one of the initial signatories.
The port will cut transport costs/time for Indian goods by a third.
From Chabahar, the existing Iranian road network can link up to Zaranj in Afghanistan, about 883 kms from the port.
The Zaranj-Delaram road constructed by India in 2009 can give access to Afghanistan’s Garland Highway, setting up road access to four major cities in Afghanistan — Herat, Kandahar, Kabul and Mazar-e-Sharif.
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Surgical strikes are part of India’s Cold Start doctrine and have proved effective in foiling a new infiltration bid by terrorists groups across the LoC who were ready to attack several locations in Jammu and Kashmir and other Metro cities in India.

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#enviornment

1.India announced to ratify the Paris agreement on October 2 to show its support for need to contain the rising global warming and the challenges emerging thereafter.

The Paris agreement will become operational post 2020 after the retirement of Kyoto protocol.

India has agreed to ratify the Paris Agreement—which aims to contain the increase in earth’s temperature to 2 degrees Celsius, and if possible 1.5 degrees Celsius, above pre-industrial levels.

Paris agreement materialized at the 21st Conference of Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

It requires 55 countries accounting for at least 55% of global greenhouse gas emissions to ratify it in order for it to come into force.

2.डिजिटल लॉकरमध्ये महाराष्ट्र टॉपर

पंतप्रधान नरेंद्र मोदी यांनी सुरु केलेल्या ‘डिजिटल इंडिया’ कार्यक्रमांतर्गत ‘डिजिटल लॉकर योजने’चा देशात सर्वाधिक लाभ घेण्यात महाराष्ट्र आघाडीवर आहे. देशातील सर्वांसाठी असलेल्या या सेवेमुळे वेळ व कष्ट वाचतोच, शिवाय सर्वांत महत्त्वाचे म्हणजे या लॉकरमुळे कागदपत्रांची सॉफ्टकॉपी आपणास हवी तेव्हा मिळू शकते.

एकप्रकारे ‘इलेक्ट्रॉनिक तिजोरी’च असलेल्या या लॉकरचा वापर मोठ्या प्रमाणावर होत आहे. फेब्रुवारी २0१५ मध्ये पंतप्रधान मोदी यांच्या हस्ते या योजनेचा प्रारंभ झाला. सध्या डिजिटलचे युग असल्याने सर्वच क्षेत्रांत पेपरलेस कामकाजाला प्राधान्य दिले जात आहे. त्यामुळे जन्मदाखल्यापासून शालेय, पदवीची प्रमाणपत्रे, महसूल विभागातील दस्तावेज, आधार कार्ड, मतदान ओळखपत्र, ड्रायव्हिंग लायसन्स, पासपोर्ट, आदी अनेक महत्त्वाची कागदपत्रे जपून ठेवणे आणि सहजासहजी उपलब्ध करणे यामुळे शक्य होणार आहे. यासाठीच ‘डिजिटल लॉकर’ची सोय अतिशय फायदेशीर ठरली आहे.

‘डिजिटल लॉकर’चा वापर करण्यात महाराष्ट्र आघाडीवर असून, पंजाब सर्वांत कमी म्हणजे १३ व्या स्थानावर आहे. महाराष्ट्राने मात्र आघाडी घेतली असून, १.२ लाख नागरिकांनी नोंद केली असून, मुंबई राज्यात अव्वल स्थानावर आहे.
मेल हॅक होण्याचे प्रमाण वाढल्याने ई-मेलवर कागदपत्रे ठेवून धोका पत्करण्यापेक्षा शासनाच्या अधिकृत वेबसाईटवर कागदपत्रे डाउनलोड करून निश्चिंत राहण्याकडे अनेकांचा कल वाढला आहे.

कसे उघडावे अकाऊंट
http://digitallocker.gov.in या वेबसाईटवर आधार क्रमांक आणि आपला मोबाईल क्रमांक लॉग इन करून खाते उघडता येते. मूळ कागदपत्रे स्कॅन करून या वेबसाईटवर डाउनलोड करता येतात. १0 एमबी ते १ जीबीपर्यंत डाटा अपलोड करण्याची क्षमता यामध्ये उपलब्ध आहे.

डिजिटल लॉकर म्हणजे काय?
आपल्या मूळ कागदपत्रांच्या छायांकित प्रती सुरक्षित ठेवण्यासाठी केंद्र शासनाने सुरु केलेली योजना म्हणजे डिजिटल लॉकर होय. इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स आणि आयटी विभागाने सुरु केलेल्या या लॉकरमध्ये एका क्लिकवर आपली वैयक्तिक माहिती उपलब्ध होवू शकते. अतिशय सुरक्षित आणि सुलभ पध्दतीने कधीही आणि कोठेही लॉकर हाताळता येतो.

राज्यात मुंबईतील सदस्य सर्वाधिक

3.इस्रोच्या 'आकाशातील डोळ्या'ची लष्कराला मदत
.
पाकव्याप्त काश्मीरमध्ये दहशतवादी तळांवर केलेल्या हल्ल्यांसाठी भारतीय लष्करानं भारतीय अंतराळ संशोधन संस्थेची - इस्रोची मदत घेतली होती. या धडक कारवाईत, 'आकाशातील डोळा' मानल्या जाणाऱ्या कार्टोसॅट उपग्रहाद्वारे मिळालेल्या हाय-रेझोल्युशन प्रतिमांचा खूपच फायदा झाला. एखाद्या मोठ्या 'ऑपरेशन'साठी कार्टोसॅट उपग्रहाची मदत घेतल्याची ही पहिलीच वेळ आहे.
.
लष्कराला हव्या त्या भूभागाचे फोटो पुरवण्याचं महत्त्वपूर्ण काम इस्रोचं पथक करत असतं. कार्टोसॅट इमेजद्वारे त्यांना विशिष्ट भूभागाचा पूर्ण अंदाज येतो आणि त्यादृष्टीनं रणनीती आखता येते. 'कार्टोसॅट-२ सी'मुळे भारतीय लष्कराची पाळत ठेवण्याची आणि शत्रूच्या हालचालींची माहिती मिळवण्याची क्षमता चांगलीच वाढली आहे. ०.६५ मीटरच्या हाय-रेझोल्युशन प्रतिमा या उपग्रहामुळे मिळू लागल्या आहेत. गेल्या आठवड्यात असे अनेक फोटो इस्रोकडून संरक्षण खात्याला पाठवण्यात आल्याचं सूत्रांकडून कळतं. दहशतवाद्यांचे तळ ज्या भागात होते, प्रामुख्याने तिथले (एरिया ऑफ इंटरेस्ट) फोटो लष्कराने मागवले होते.
दरम्यान, अंतराळातून आलेल्या फोटोंवर हैदराबाद येथील नॅशनल रिमोट सेन्सिंग सेंटरमध्ये काम केलं जातं. अस्पष्ट फोटो स्वच्छ-स्पष्ट करून ते लष्कराला पाठवले जातात.

4.आशिया कप: भारताला जेतेपद

चुरशीच्या अंतिम सामन्यात शेवटच्या मिनिटाला निर्णायक गोल डागून बांगलादेशचा पराभव करत भारताने १८ वर्षांखालील मुलांच्या आशिया कप हॉकी स्पर्धेचे जेतेपद पटकावले आहे. उपांत्य सामन्यात पाकिस्तानला नमवून भारताने अंतिम फेरीत प्रवेश केला होता.


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Odisha
Odisha becomes first state to give social welfare benefits to transgender community


Odisha became the first state in the country to give transgender people social welfare benefits – such as a housing, pension and food grains.

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#stimains2016

History of rail budget

A committee was set up under chairmanship of William Acworth which submitted a report in 1924. The report said that

Railway be under state controlRailway budget separated from general budget

Reason– Railways require a certain autonomy, flexibility in the administration. Even at that time it was fairly big organisation which has now grown many times.

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सिगारेट आणि अन्य तंबाखूजन्य उत्पादन अधिनियम 2003 च्या कलम 4 अन्वये सार्वजनिक ठिकाणी धुम्रपान करणे निषिद्ध आहे. त्यानुसार 2013 पासून 2016 पर्यंत सार्वजनिक ठिकाणी धुम्रपान करण्याबद्दल दंड आकारण्यात आलेल्या देशभरातील आकडेवारीबाबत लोकसभेत माहिती देण्यात आली.

त्यानुसार 2013-14, 2014-15 आणि 2015-16 या तीन वर्षात महाराष्ट्रासह झारखंड, अरुणाचल प्रदेश आणि पश्चिम बंगालमध्ये या गुन्ह्यासाठी एकाही व्यक्तीकडून दंड आकारण्यात आलेला नाही.

आरोग्य आणि कुटुंबकल्याण राज्यमंत्री अनुप्रिया पटेल यांनी लोकसभेत एका लेखी उत्तरात ही माहिती दिली.

 

#stimains2016
#mpscpre2017
#stipre29thjan
#upscpre2017

The growth rate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at constant (2011-12) market prices increased from 6.6 per cent in 2013-14 to 7.2 per cent in 2014-15 and further to 7.6 per cent in 2015-16, indicating that the growth rate of the economy has improved in the last three years despite adverse global environment. This has happened mainly on the strength of growth in domestic consumption. As per the World Economic Outlook published in October 2016 by International Monetary Fund (IMF) the global growth was 3.4 per cent in 2014 and 3.2 per cent in 2015 and projected to slow to 3.1 per cent in 2016.

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इंटरनॅशनल युनियन फॉर कॉन्झर्वेशन ऑफ नेचर या संस्थेच्या धोक्याच्या यादीत नसलेल्या पक्ष्यांच्या २०० प्रजाती वेगाने विकसित होत असलेल्या सहा विकसित भागात नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर आहेत असे नवीन अभ्यासात म्हटले आहे. अमेरिकेतील डय़ूक विद्यापीठाच्या संशोधकांनी दूरसंवेदन माहितीच्या आधारे तयार केलेल्या जमीन वापराच्या नकाशाचा वापर यात केला आहे त्यात असे दिसून आले की, ब्राझीलमधील अ‍ॅटलांटिक जंगल, मध्य अमेरिका, कोलंबियातील वेस्टर्न अँडीज, सुमात्रा, मादागास्कर व आग्नेय आशियातील पक्ष्यांच्या ६०० प्रजातींचे अधिवास यात कमी झाले आहेत. या सहाशे प्रजातींपैकी १०८ प्रजाती सध्या आययूसीएनच्या धोक्याच्या यादीत आहेत. पण २१० प्रजाती वेगाने नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर असून १८९ प्रजाती धोक्याच्या दिशेने वाटचाल करीत आहेत.

आययूसीएनची धोक्याची यादी ही २५ वर्षांपूर्वीच्या प्रक्रियाआधारे केली गेली असून त्यात जिओस्पॅटिअल तंत्रज्ञानाचा वापर केलेला नाही, असे डय़ूक विद्यापीठाचे स्टुअर्ट एल पिम यांनी सांगितले. फिंगरटिप, डिजिटल मॅप, जागतिक जमीन वापराच्या उपग्रह प्रतिमा ही आधुनिक साधने आता वापरण्यात आली आहेत.

पिम यांच्या मते धोक्याच्या यादीत आणखी पक्ष्यांचा समावेश असायला हवा. सध्याच्या निकषात प्रजातीच्या भौगौलिक क्षेत्राचा विचार केला जातो त्यामुळे अधिवासाचे बरेचसे क्षेत्र हे त्याच्या बाहेरच राहते, असे नतालिया पेन्युला यांचे म्हणणे आहे. काही पक्ष्यांच्या प्रजाती या जंगलांचा मध्यम भाग अधिवास म्हणून वापरतात, तर काही सखल भागात वास्तव्य करतात. कमी भौगोलिक क्षेत्रात ही अधिवास क्षेत्रे येत नाहीत. काही वेगळे निकष लावले, तर आता धोक्याच्या यादीत नसलेल्या अनेक प्रजाती अधिवासाअभावी धोक्याच्या यादीत येतात असे जैवविविधता संकेतस्थळाचे संचालक क्लिंटन जेटकिन्स यांनी सांगितले

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Desert National Park records 11 Great Indian Bustard births

The Desert National Park (DNP) in Jaisalmer (Rajasthan) witnessed successful birth of 11 Great Indian Bustards (GIB). With this, the figure of critically endangered species reached to 151. GIB is popularly known as ‘Godawan’.
It is Rajasthan’s state bird.
It has been exterminated from almost 90% of their former range due to habitat loss and poaching. IUCN has listed GIB as Critically Endangered (CR) species in the Red Data Book.
It is listed in Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act of India, 1972.

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Rajiv Gandhi airport achieves carbon neutral status

The Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA) or Hyderabad Airport has achieved carbon neutral status.

It is the first in the Asia-Pacific region in the 5-15 million passengers per annum category to attain this status.

It is the second airport among all categories in the Asia-Pacific region to achieve carbon neutral status.

Earlier in September, 2016 IGI (Delhi) Airport was recognised as the first airport in Asia-Pacific to achieve carbon neutral status among all categories.

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Whistleblowers law:

The law provides a mechanism to investigate allegations of corruption and misuse of power by public servants while protecting those who tip off investigative agencies against officials.

In 2014, the Whistleblowers Protection Act replaced a 2011 legislation aiming to strengthen the legal framework. However, the central government is yet to set up a mechanism under the 2014 law as certain amendments are being debated in parliament.
The Whistleblower Protection Act, which was passed in May 2014 after an inordinate delay, lays down the rules that protect whistle blowers in non-corporate cases. Under this Act, the Central Vigilance Commissioner has to receive complaints, review public disclosure requests and ensure that the complainants are protected. The Act stipulates imprisonment of up to two years and fine of up to ₹30,000 if the complaint is false. The government has proposed a few amendments to these rules.
The amendment bill is pending in the parliament. The amendment bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha in May 2015 but is yet to be passed. The amendment proposed to exclude from the purview of the Whistleblowers Act, categories like cabinet proceedings, scientific interests and the security of India.

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polio

injectable polio vaccine

IPV is produced from wild-type poliovirus strains of each serotype that have been inactivated (killed) with formalin.
As an injectable vaccine, it can be administered alone or in combination with other vaccines.

IPV provides serum immunity to all three types of poliovirus, resulting in protection against paralytic poliomyelitis.

IPV is an evidence-based intervention that not only ensures continued protection of children against all types of polio viruses, but also helps save vaccine — a move bound to positively impact global vaccine supply in the coming years.

Studies have confirmed that two fractional doses (one fractional dose is one-fifth of a full dose) of IPV, given twice to infants — first at the age of six weeks and then at 14 weeks — provide the same protection against all polio viruses as does one full dose of IPV.

@India became the first country globally to introduce fractional doses of IPV in childhood immunisation programme in eight states and Union territories in early 2016.@

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Central Vigilance Commission:

It was created via executive resolution (based on the recommendations of Santhanam committee) in 1964 but was conferred with statutory status in 2003.

It is the apex vigilance institution.

Presently, the body consists of central vigilance commissioner along with 2 vigilance commissioners.

They are appointed by the President of India on the recommendations of a committee consisting of Prime Minister, Union Home Minister and Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha (if there is no LoP then the leader of the single largest Opposition party in the Lok Sabha).

Their term is 4 years or 65 years, whichever is earlier.

It submits its report to the President of India.

The Central Vigilance Commissioner or any Vigilance Commissioner can be removed from his office only by order of the President on the ground of proved misbehavior or incapacity after the Supreme Court, on a reference made to it by the President, has, on inquiry, reported that the Central Vigilance Commissioner or any Vigilance Commissioner, as the case may be, ought to be removed.

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The Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) in Goods of World Trade Organisation (WTO) came into effect with its ratification by two-thirds members of WTO including India.

The TFA in Goods was adopted by the WTO Members in 2014.

It aims to streamline, simplify, standardise and ease customs procedures and norms.

It will help to cut trade costs around the world.


About Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA)
The TFA in Goods is the WTO’s first-ever multilateral accord that aims to simplify customs regulations for the cross-border movement of goods.

It was outcome of WTO’s 9th Bali (Indonesia) ministerial package of 2013.
The agreement includes provisions for
1)Lowering import tariffs and agricultural subsidies: It will make it easier for developing countries to trade with the developed world in global markets.

2)Abolish hard import quotas: Developed countries would abolish hard import quotas on agricultural products from the developing world and instead would only be allowed to charge tariffs on amount of agricultural imports exceeding specific limits.
3)Reduction in red tape at international borders: It aims to reduce red-tapism to facilitate trade by reforming customs bureaucracies and formalities.

analysis---
The implementation of the TFA in Goods has the potential to create US 1 trillion dollars’ worth of global economic activity and trade which may add 21 million new jobs and lower the cost of doing international trade by 10 to 15 per cent. TFA will help India’s ongoing reforms to bring in simplification and enhanced transparency in cross border trade in goods. It will further help India to boost economic growth by reducing trade costs and supporting its integration into the global economy.
Trade Facilitation in Services (TFS) Agreement
Recently, India submitted a legally vetted proposal on Trade Facilitation in Services (TFS) Agreement, a global services pact on the lines of the TFA in Goods to the WTO.
Now the proposal for TFS Agreement will be taken up by an expert committee at the WTO headquarters in Geneva and later it will be put up for discussion among all the WTO members.
It aims to ease norms for movement of skilled workers across borders for short-term work, ensure portability of social security contributions, single window mechanism for foreign investment approvals and cross-border insurance coverage to boost medical tourism.

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India, Israel to develop MR-SAM missile system for Army

The deal will be executed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI).

Key Facts

The approved deal is for five regiments of the MR-SAM system, which consists of 40 units and 200 missiles. It has a range of 50-70 km.

The system will be based on the older Barak system of Israel, which is in use in India.

It will be manufactured in India and will have an 80% indigenous content.

Under this deal, the DRDO will play a crucial role in developing the target homing system.
Deliveries of the system will begin in 2023.
The MR-SAM system will be the latest in a series of other variants of SAM systems used by the Navy and the Air Force which is jointly developed by India and Israel.

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Indian Railways has unveiled Antyodaya Express, a new train for the unreserved passengers.

It was unveiled by Union Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu in New Delhi’s Safdarjang station.

The first Antyodaya Express is slated to start between Mumbai (Maharashtra) and Tatanagar (Jharkhand) and

second between Ernakulam and Howrah.

The fares of the Antyodaya Express will reportedly be around 10-15% higher than the regular rate as it aims to provide enhanced passenger comfort.

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heatwaves:

The Indian Meteorology Department (IMD) defines a heatwave as an excess of five to six degrees C over the maximum daily temperature (over a 30-year period) of less than 40 degree C or an excess of four to five degree C over a normal historical maximum temperature of over 40 degree C.

A heat wave is a combination of and humidity for a prolonged period. It is an extended period of very high summer temperature with the potential to adversely affect communities.

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Olive Ridley turtles:

Also known as the Pacific ridley sea turtle, Olive turtles are a medium-sized species of sea turtle found in warm and tropical waters, primarily in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

They are best known for their behavior of synchronized nesting in mass numbers.

The olive ridley is classified as Vulnerable according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN),

and is listed in Appendix I of CITES.

The Convention on Migratory Species and the Inter-American Convention for the Protection and Conservation of Sea Turtles have also provided olive ridleys with protection, leading to increased conservation and management for this marine turtle.

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hyperloop transportation system?

It is a transportation system where a pod-like vehicle is propelled through a near-vacuum tube connecting cities at speeds matching that of an aircraft.

The hyperloop concept is a brainchild of Tesla founder Elon Musk. US-based Hyperloop Transport Technology (HTT) claimed it costs $40 million per kilometre to build a hyperloop system while building a high-speed train line would cost almost twice.

The hyperloop system is being designed to transport passengers and freight

How it operates?

In hyperloop transporation, custom-designed capsules or pods are expected to zip smoothly through continuous steel tubes which are held at partial vacuum. The pod which sandwiches the passenger compartment between an air compressor upfront and a battery compartment in the rear is supported by air caster skis at the bottom. The skis float on a thin layer of air provided under high pressure, eliminating rolling resistance and allowing for movement of the pods at high speeds. These capsules are expected to be driverless with estimated speeds of 1,000 km/h.

Linear induction motors that are placed along the tube control the speed of the pod. Electronically-assisted acceleration and braking determines the speed of the capsule.

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