🔆 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel – (1875–1950)

📍 About Sardar Patel
✅ Born 31 October 1875, Gujarat (peasant family).
✅ Birth anniversary = Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day).
✅ Known as the Iron Man of India.

📍 Pre-Independence Contributions
✅ Kheda Satyagraha (1918) & Ahmedabad Mill Strike → emerged as national leader.
✅ Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) → led peasants against revenue hikes; earned the title “Sardar”.
✅ As INC President (Karachi, 1931) → passed resolutions on Fundamental Rights & Economic Policy.

📍 Post-Independence Contributions
✅ Architect of Political Integration → unified 500+ princely states (e.g., Junagadh, Hyderabad via Operation Polo).
✅ Ensured internal stability during Partition as India’s first Deputy PM & Home Minister.
✅ Built the All India Services (IAS, IPS) → India’s administrative “Steel Frame”.

📍 Values
✅ Integrity
✅ Leadership
✅ Patriotism
✅ Courage & Determination

#history

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🔆 Shipbuilding Financial Assistance Scheme (SBFAS)

📍 In News
✅ The Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways (MoPSW) notified operational guidelines for two major initiatives:
▪️ Shipbuilding Financial Assistance Scheme (SBFAS)
▪️ Shipbuilding Development Scheme (SbDS)

📍 About SBFAS
✅ Objective:
▪️ Financial assistance of 15%–25% per vessel, based on vessel category (small, large, specialised)
▪️ Strengthen domestic shipbuilding competitiveness

✅ National Shipbuilding Mission:
▪️ To ensure coordinated planning and execution of shipbuilding initiatives

✅ Shipbreaking Credit (New Provision):
▪️ Ship owners scrapping vessels at Indian yards receive 40% of scrap value as credit
▪️ Promotes circular economy and domestic ship recycling

📍 About Shipbuilding Development Scheme (SbDS)
✅ Objective: Long-term capacity and capability creation in shipbuilding

✅ Key Provisions:
▪️ Development of greenfield shipbuilding clusters
▪️ Expansion & modernisation of existing brownfield shipyards
▪️ Establishment of India Ship Technology Centre under Indian Maritime University

#goverment_schemes

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 7 MARCH 2026

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 IBM Launches Infrastructure Innovation Centre
📍 Location: Bengaluru

🎯 Focus
✅ Hybrid cloud technologies
✅ Enterprise AI infrastructure development

📍 Centre established within IBM India Systems Development Lab (ISDL)

📍 Cycling League of India (CLI)
🚴 World’s first franchise-based road cycling league

👤 Launched by: Mansukh Mandaviya

📍 League Structure
✅ 8 franchises
✅ Teams include international & junior cyclists

📍 Competition Format
✅ Criterium races
✅ Team time trials
✅ Mass start races

📍 Mahila Jan Sunwai Programme
👤 Organised by National Commission for Women (NCW)

📅 Start: 8 March 2026

📍 Under Programme
✅ Rashtriya Mahila Aayog Aapke Dwaar

🎯 Objective
✅ Provide direct grievance redressal for women

📍 Raisina Dialogue 2026

📍 Theme
✅ “Saṁskāra – Assertion, Accommodation, Advancement”

📍 Organised by
✅ Observer Research Foundation (ORF)
✅ Ministry of External Affairs

📍 New Initiative
✅ Raisina Science Diplomacy Initiative (SDI) launched

📍 Noida International Airport (Jewar) Gets Aerodrome License

✈ Regulator: DGCA

📍 Developer
✅ Yamuna International Airport Pvt Ltd (YIAPL)
➡ Subsidiary of Zurich Airport International AG

📍 Features
✅ Runway: 3,900 m × 45 m
✅ ILS + Aeronautical Ground Lighting for 24×7 operations

📍 Capacity
✅ Phase-1: 12 million passengers/year
✅ Final capacity: 70 million passengers/yea

📍 Revamped MPLADS eSAKSHI Portal Dashboard

📍 Launched: 1 April 2023

📍 Developed by
✅ Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI)

📍 Features
✅ Online fund authorisation for MPs
✅ Real-time monitoring of projects & expenditure

🔆 DEFENCE

📍 Minuteman III Missile Test (USA)

🚀 Type: Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)

📍 Features
✅ Part of US nuclear triad
✅ Speed: Mach 23
✅ Range: 6,000+ miles

🔆 MoUs

📍 Pondicherry University – CCPD MoU

📍 Aim
✅ Promote accessibility & inclusion for persons with disabilities

📍 CCPD
✅ Under Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities

📍 Adani Group Partners with UNESCO

📅 Event: World Engineering Day 2026

📍 Project Highlight
⚡ Khavda Renewable Energy Park (Gujarat)

📍 Key Facts
✅ Area: 538 sq km
✅ Target capacity: 30 GW by 2029

📍 DGT–Bajaj Auto Flexi-MoU

📍 Under Revised Flexi-MoU Scheme (2024)

📍 Key Points
✅ Bajaj Auto becomes Industry Training Partner
✅ 1,000 trainees in first year
✅ Training up to 24 months

🔆 STATES

📍 Kerala Launches “MeHEALTH” App

📍 Purpose
✅ Locate government hospitals & services
✅ Provide details of labs, pharmacies & blood banks

📍 Andhra Pradesh Fertility Incentive Scheme

💰 Incentive: ₹25,000

📍 Applicable for
✅ Second or third child

📍 Reason
📊 State TFR: 1.5 (below replacement level 2.1)

📍 Gujarat Launches “herSTART 5.0”

🎯 Promote women-led startups

📍 Support
✅ Mentorship
✅ Incubation
✅ Market access

📍 Launched at Gujarat University

🔆 SCHEMES / GOVERNANCE

📍 SWAYATT Initiative (GeM)
📅 Launched: 19 Feb 2019

📍 Full Form
✅ Startups, Women and Youth Advantage through e-Transactions

🎯 Aim
✅ Inclusive government procurement

📍 Platforms
✅ Startup Runway
✅ Womaniya

📊 Impact
✅ Women entrepreneur orders: ₹83,323 crore (FY26)

🔆 WOMEN ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT INITIATIVES

📍 Key Schemes
✅ Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana
✅ DAY-NRLM
✅ NaMo Drone Didi Yojana
✅ Lakhpati Didi Scheme
✅ PM Mudra Yojana
✅ PM Jan Dhan Yojana
✅ PM SVANidhi
✅ Stand-Up India Scheme

🔆 IMPORTANT DAY

📅 World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development
📅 Observed: 4 March 2026

📍 Theme 2026
✅ “Smart Engineering for Sustainable Future through Innovation and Digitalization”

🔆 APPOINTMENTS

📍 Dr Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi
✅ Reappointed Drugs Controller General of India

📍 New Governors / LGs Appointed
✅ Shiv Pratap Shukla – Telangana
✅ Jishnu Dev Varma – Maharashtra
✅ Syed Ata Hasnain – Bihar
✅ Nand Kishore Yadav – Nagaland
✅ R.N. Ravi – West Bengal
✅ Kavinder Gupta – Himachal Pradesh
✅ Rajendra Arlekar – Tamil Nadu
✅ Taranjit Singh Sandhu – LG Delhi
✅ Vinai Kumar Saxena – LG Ladakh

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 Vikram-1 Rocket (Skyroot Aerospace)

🚀 India’s first private orbital rocket

📍 Launch Site
✅ Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota

📍 Features
✅ Height: ~75 ft
✅ Payload: 300 kg to orbit
✅ Engines: Kalam-1200, Kalam-250, Kalam-125

📍 Named after Vikram Sarabhai

🔆 SPORTS

📍 India Reaches 4th Men’s T20 World Cup Final

📍 Semi-final
🏏 India defeated England by 7 runs

📍 Final
🏟 Venue: Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad
⚔ Opponent: New Zealand

📍 India’s T20 WC Final Appearances
✅ 2007
✅ 2014
✅ 2024
✅ 2026

#CurrentAffairs

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Constitutional amendment bills

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UPSC CSE Prelims 2013-2025.

All papers merged. Clean PDF with no watermark.

Credit Akhil Buddhi Sir

🔆 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

📍 Why in News?
✅ The Government of India is establishing a first-of-its-kind integrated plant based on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) at Kavaratti, in Lakshadweep.

📍 What is Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)?
✅ Renewable energy technology that generates electricity using the temperature difference between warm surface water and cold deep ocean water.

📍 Key Conditions
✅ Requires ~20°C temperature difference between surface and deep ocean water.
✅ Therefore, OTEC is mainly viable in tropical ocean regions (30°N – 30°S latitude).

📍 Working Mechanism
✅ Warm surface seawater heats a working fluid (such as ammonia) causing it to vaporize.
✅ The vapor drives a turbine connected to a generator, producing electricity.
✅ Cold deep-sea water is then used to condense the vapor back to liquid, completing the cycle.

📍 Significance
✅ Round-the-clock renewable energy (unlike solar or wind).
✅ Useful for island and coastal regions with limited energy resources.
✅ Can also support desalination of seawater and cold-water aquaculture

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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🔆 Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP)

📍 Why in News?
✅ Janaushadhi Diwas (7 March) is observed to raise awareness about Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana and promote the use of affordable generic medicines.

📍 About PMBJP

✅ Launched: 2008 as Jan Aushadhi Scheme

✅ Revamped: 2015 as PMBJP

✅ Objective:
• Provide quality generic medicines at affordable prices to the public.

✅ Nodal Agency:
• Department of Pharmaceuticals

✅ Implementation Agency:
• Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Bureau of India

📍 Key Initiatives under PMBJP

✅ Janaushadhi Suvidha Sanitary Napkin
• Oxo-biodegradable sanitary pads available at ₹1 per pad.
• Promotes affordable menstrual hygiene.

✅ Jan Aushadhi Sugam Mobile App
• Helps users locate nearby Kendras, check medicine availability and compare prices.

✅ Expansion of Jan Aushadhi Kendras (JAKs)
• Franchise-based model to expand affordable medicine outlets nationwide.

✅ Cooperative Sector Participation
• Uses rural cooperative networks to improve last-mile access to medicines.

✅ JAKs at Railway Stations
• Ensures access to affordable medicines for travellers and migrant workers.

📍 Major Achievements

✅ Wide Network Expansion
• 18,000+ Jan Aushadhi Kendras established across India.

✅ Large Medicine Basket
• 2000+ medicines and 300+ surgical items available.

✅ Huge Public Savings
• Medicines worth ₹7,700 crore sold (by June 2025).
• Generated ₹38,000 crore savings for citizens.

📍 Significance

✅ Improves accessibility and affordability of medicines.
✅ Reduces out-of-pocket health expenditure.
✅ Strengthens public healthcare and generic medicine usage in India.

#goverment_schemes

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Day 82: 10 March target:

History
Topics:
Delhi Sultanate
Mughal & Afghans
Deccan Sultanate
Vijayanagar kingdom
Southern kingdoms
Cultural development of medieval period-Bhakti, sufi, Vaishnavaite, etc.
Related PYQs

Current Affairs: August 2025
Social Issues
History related
Security
Disaster management

#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.

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https://t.me/upsc_answer_written

CSP26 Next 70 day time effect

4 × 70 = 280 hrs🥳
6 × 70 = 420 hrs😍
8 × 70 = 560 hrs 👍
10 × 70 = 700 hrs👌
12 × 70 = 840 hrs🙏
14 × 70 = 980 hrs👏
15 × 70 = 1050 hrs 🔥
16 × 70 = 1120 hrs❤️
17 × 70 = 1190 hrs 🏆

Your target?

Join https://t.me/anmolvachan1

What is Inflation and How It Affects Your Money #inflation #worlsnews


https://youtube.com/watch?v=nkvaKSCErag&si=jvb8wC1i5112KO69

Marks of Recommended Candidates CSE 2025

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 9 MARCH 2026

🔆 REGULATORY BODIES

📍 RBI Liquidity Management (OMO)
✅ RBI to conduct Open Market Operations worth ₹1 trillion
✅ Two tranches of ₹50,000 crore each

📍 Reasons
✅ Advance tax outflows
✅ GST settlement payments
✅ Maturity of forex swaps
✅ Forex market intervention

📍 Open Market Operations (OMO)
✅ RBI buys govt securities → injects liquidity
✅ RBI sells securities → absorbs liquidity

🔆 INTERNATIONAL

📍 State of the World’s Migratory Species Report 2026

📍 Released by
✅ Convention on Migratory Species (CMS)

📍 Key Findings
⚠ 49% migratory species declining
⚠ 24% threatened with extinction
⚠ 81% decline in freshwater migratory fish (1970-2020)

📍 CMS
✅ Also called Bonn Convention
✅ Treaty under UNEP

📍 India
✅ Hosted CMS COP-13 (Gandhinagar, 2020)

📍 Three Seas Initiative (3SI)

🌍 Regional cooperation platform in Central & Eastern Europe

📍 Seas Covered
🌊 Adriatic Sea
🌊 Baltic Sea
🌊 Black Sea

📍 Objectives
✅ Energy connectivity
✅ Transport networks
✅ Digital infrastructure

📍 Members: 13 EU countries
❗ Austria only member not in NATO

📍 Climate Change & Women

📊 According to UN Global Compact Network India

⚠ Only 10% required funding reaches women affected by climate change

📊 UN Women projection
⚠ 158 million women may fall into extreme poverty by 2050

📍 Indonesia Social Media Ban for Under-16

📅 Effective: 28 March 2026

📍 Platforms Covered
✅ YouTube
✅ TikTok
✅ Facebook
✅ Instagram
✅ Threads
✅ X
✅ Roblox
✅ Bigo Live

🎯 Aim: Protect minors from harmful online content

🔆 NATIONAL

📍 India’s First OTEC Plant

📍 Location
🏝 Kavaratti Island, Lakshadweep

📍 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
✅ Uses temperature difference between warm surface water & deep sea water

📍 Developed by
🏢 NIOT under Ministry of Earth Sciences

📍 17-Member Committee for SEZ Reforms

🎯 Aim
✅ Roadmap for SEZ 2.0

📍 Tasks
✅ Review SEZ Act 2005
✅ Harmonise export promotion schemes

📍 Members from
✅ NITI Aayog
✅ DPIIT
✅ CBIC

📍 India’s First Ring Metro

📍 Location
🚇 Delhi Metro Pink Line

👤 Inaugurated by PM Narendra Modi

📍 New corridor
✅ Majlis Park – Maujpur Babarpur

💰 Infrastructure projects launched: ₹33,500 crore

📍 Hurun Global Rich List 2026

📊 Indian billionaires
✅ 308 total
✅ India rank 3rd globally

💰 Total wealth
✅ ₹112.6 trillion

📍 Top Indians
🥇 Mukesh Ambani – ₹9.8 trillion
🥈 Gautam Adani – ₹7.5 trillion
🥉 Roshni Nadar Malhotra

📍 Billionaire hub
🏙 Mumbai – 95 billionaires

🔆 STATES

📍 Kerala Cyber Safety Protocol 2026

📍 Released by
🏢 KITE

🎯 Aim
✅ Protect students from AI-related cyber threats

📍 Kerala ‘Nirbhaya Nisha’ Initiative

🎯 Women safety during night travel

📅 Time
🕘 9 PM – 5 AM

📍 Support
✅ 112 helpline
✅ Pol-App SOS

📍 Maharashtra Budget 2026

👤 Presented by Devendra Fadnavis

📍 Key Scheme
🌾 Punyashlok Ahilyabai Holkar Farmers Loan Waiver

📍 Benefits
✅ Loan waiver up to ₹2 lakh
✅ 28-30 lakh farmers expected beneficiaries

📍 Incentive
💰 ₹50,000 for honest repayers

📍 Karnataka Budget 2026

👤 Presented by CM Siddaramaiah

💰 Total outlay: ₹4.48 trillion

📍 Women schemes
✅ Gruhalakshmi – ₹2,000/month
✅ Shakti Scheme – Free bus travel

📍 Innovation
🤖 BRAINz (Bangalore Robotics & AI Innovation Zone)
🤝 Collaboration: IISc + ISRO

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📅 International Women’s Day
📅 8 March 2026

🎯 Theme
“Rights. Justice. Action. For ALL Women and Girls.”

📅 Janaushadhi Diwas

📅 Observed: 7 March

🎯 Theme
“Janaushadhi Sasti Bhi, Bharosemand Bhi, Sehat Ki Baat, Bachat Ke Saath.”

🔆 APPOINTMENTS

✅ Mojtaba Khamenei – Successor as Iran’s Supreme Leader
✅ Lt Gen Pushpendra Pal Singh – GOC-in-C Western Command
✅ Balen Shah – Set to become PM of Nepal

🔆 SPORTS

📍 All England Open 2026

📍 Venue
🏟 Utilita Arena Birmingham (UK)

🥇 Winner: Lin Chun-Yi (Chinese Taipei)
🥈 Runner-up: Lakshya Sen (India)

📍 Khelo India Tribal Games 2026

📍 Host State
✅ Chhattisgarh

📅 Dates
26 March – 6 April 2026

📍 Host cities
✅ Raipur
✅ Jagdalpur
✅ Sarguja

📍 Sports (7)
✅ Athletics
✅ Football
✅ Hockey
✅ Weightlifting
✅ Archery

#CurrentAffairs

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