Forwarded from UPSC Mapping Prelims Mains UPPSC mppsc bpsc
Recently Indian pharma industries have been in news due to controveries in gambia and uzbekistan
News is not directly relevant w.r.t geography optional but we can take this opportunity to collect some fodder points on pharma industries in India which is related to Indian industries topic from paper 2.
✅ India ranks 3rd worldwide for production by volume and 14th by value in this sector.
✅India is the largest provider of generic medicines globally, occupying a 20% share in global supply by volume,
✅ It is a leading vaccine manufacturer globally.
✅60% of world's vaccine comes from India.
✅ 100% FDI is allowed under automatic route for greenfield pharmaceuticals
✅100% FDI is allowed in brownfield under which 74% is via automatic route
✅ India supplies over 50% of Africa's requirement for generics and approx 40% for US and 25% for UK
✅ Presently Industry stands at $50 bn
✅ Part of PLI (production linked incentive) scheme
#Industries
#Geographyoptional
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
News is not directly relevant w.r.t geography optional but we can take this opportunity to collect some fodder points on pharma industries in India which is related to Indian industries topic from paper 2.
✅ India ranks 3rd worldwide for production by volume and 14th by value in this sector.
✅India is the largest provider of generic medicines globally, occupying a 20% share in global supply by volume,
✅ It is a leading vaccine manufacturer globally.
✅60% of world's vaccine comes from India.
✅ 100% FDI is allowed under automatic route for greenfield pharmaceuticals
✅100% FDI is allowed in brownfield under which 74% is via automatic route
✅ India supplies over 50% of Africa's requirement for generics and approx 40% for US and 25% for UK
✅ Presently Industry stands at $50 bn
✅ Part of PLI (production linked incentive) scheme
#Industries
#Geographyoptional
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
👍6
🔆 Mantle Plume – Geography & Disaster Management
📍 A mantle plume is a localized, upwelling column of hot magma rising from deep within the Earth’s mantle, possibly from the core-mantle boundary. These plumes are thought to be stationary and independent of tectonic plate boundaries.
✅ Key Features
🔹 Origin: Deep mantle or core-mantle boundary (~2,900 km depth)
🔹 Nature: Buoyant and hot, it melts the overlying lithosphere, forming volcanic hotspots
🔹 Examples:
➤ Hawaiian Islands – Pacific Plate moving over a plume
➤ Deccan Traps – Result of the Réunion plume
✅ Importance
🔹 Explains intraplate volcanism (volcanoes away from plate boundaries)
🔹 Helps understand continental flood basalts and plate movements
#GS1 #Geography #MantlePlume #GS3 #DisasterManagement
#geographyoptional
#Disaster_management
Join @Upsc_4_environment
@Mapping_prelims_mains
📍 A mantle plume is a localized, upwelling column of hot magma rising from deep within the Earth’s mantle, possibly from the core-mantle boundary. These plumes are thought to be stationary and independent of tectonic plate boundaries.
✅ Key Features
🔹 Origin: Deep mantle or core-mantle boundary (~2,900 km depth)
🔹 Nature: Buoyant and hot, it melts the overlying lithosphere, forming volcanic hotspots
🔹 Examples:
➤ Hawaiian Islands – Pacific Plate moving over a plume
➤ Deccan Traps – Result of the Réunion plume
✅ Importance
🔹 Explains intraplate volcanism (volcanoes away from plate boundaries)
🔹 Helps understand continental flood basalts and plate movements
#GS1 #Geography #MantlePlume #GS3 #DisasterManagement
#geographyoptional
#Disaster_management
Join @Upsc_4_environment
@Mapping_prelims_mains
❤4
🔆 Western Disturbances
📍 Definition
✅ Eastward-moving extra-tropical weather systems bringing sudden winter rainfall to northwestern India.
✅ Originate beyond Iran & Afghanistan, travel via Pakistan before reaching India.
📍 Origin & Characteristics
✅ Driven by low-pressure systems formed by interaction of polar & tropical air masses.
✅ Moisture source: Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, sometimes Arabian Sea.
✅ Embedded in Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream (STWJ) flowing west → east over Himalayas & Tibetan Plateau.
📍 Seasonal Occurrence
✅ Most active in winter (Dec–Mar).
✅ Can also affect pre-monsoon & post-monsoon weather.
📍 Geographical Impact
✅ Influence weather in NW India, N. Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan.
✅ In India → rainfall in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, HP, Uttarakhand, UP (parts).
✅ Cause snowfall in Himalayas & cold wave in plains.
📍 Importance for Agriculture
✅ Crucial for Rabi crops (esp. wheat).
✅ Excess/unseasonal rains → crop damage & disruption.
#Climatology #Geographyoptional
#geography #mains #GS1
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Mapping_prelims_mains
📍 Definition
✅ Eastward-moving extra-tropical weather systems bringing sudden winter rainfall to northwestern India.
✅ Originate beyond Iran & Afghanistan, travel via Pakistan before reaching India.
📍 Origin & Characteristics
✅ Driven by low-pressure systems formed by interaction of polar & tropical air masses.
✅ Moisture source: Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, sometimes Arabian Sea.
✅ Embedded in Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream (STWJ) flowing west → east over Himalayas & Tibetan Plateau.
📍 Seasonal Occurrence
✅ Most active in winter (Dec–Mar).
✅ Can also affect pre-monsoon & post-monsoon weather.
📍 Geographical Impact
✅ Influence weather in NW India, N. Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan.
✅ In India → rainfall in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, HP, Uttarakhand, UP (parts).
✅ Cause snowfall in Himalayas & cold wave in plains.
📍 Importance for Agriculture
✅ Crucial for Rabi crops (esp. wheat).
✅ Excess/unseasonal rains → crop damage & disruption.
🔆 Prelims Practice
Q. With reference to Western Disturbances, consider the following:
1. They originate in the Bay of Bengal and move westward.
2. They are embedded in the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream.
3. They are crucial for Rabi crops in northwestern India.
Which of the above is/are correct?
(a) 1 & 2 only
(b) 2 & 3 only
(c) 1 & 3 only
(d) 1, 2 & 3
👉 Answer: (b)
🔆 Mains Practice
Q. Examine the role of Western Disturbances in shaping the winter climate of India. Discuss their significance for agriculture and the associated risks. (150 words)
#Climatology #Geographyoptional
#geography #mains #GS1
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Mapping_prelims_mains
❤10
🔆 Western Disturbances
📍 Definition
✅ Eastward-moving extra-tropical weather systems bringing sudden winter rainfall to northwestern India.
✅ Originate beyond Iran & Afghanistan, travel via Pakistan before reaching India.
📍 Origin & Characteristics
✅ Driven by low-pressure systems formed by interaction of polar & tropical air masses.
✅ Moisture source: Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, sometimes Arabian Sea.
✅ Embedded in Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream (STWJ) flowing west → east over Himalayas & Tibetan Plateau.
📍 Seasonal Occurrence
✅ Most active in winter (Dec–Mar).
✅ Can also affect pre-monsoon & post-monsoon weather.
📍 Geographical Impact
✅ Influence weather in NW India, N. Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan.
✅ In India → rainfall in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, HP, Uttarakhand, UP (parts).
✅ Cause snowfall in Himalayas & cold wave in plains.
📍 Importance for Agriculture
✅ Crucial for Rabi crops (esp. wheat).
✅ Excess/unseasonal rains → crop damage & disruption.
#Climatology #Geographyoptional
#geography #mains #GS1
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Mapping_prelims_mains
📍 Definition
✅ Eastward-moving extra-tropical weather systems bringing sudden winter rainfall to northwestern India.
✅ Originate beyond Iran & Afghanistan, travel via Pakistan before reaching India.
📍 Origin & Characteristics
✅ Driven by low-pressure systems formed by interaction of polar & tropical air masses.
✅ Moisture source: Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, sometimes Arabian Sea.
✅ Embedded in Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream (STWJ) flowing west → east over Himalayas & Tibetan Plateau.
📍 Seasonal Occurrence
✅ Most active in winter (Dec–Mar).
✅ Can also affect pre-monsoon & post-monsoon weather.
📍 Geographical Impact
✅ Influence weather in NW India, N. Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan.
✅ In India → rainfall in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, HP, Uttarakhand, UP (parts).
✅ Cause snowfall in Himalayas & cold wave in plains.
📍 Importance for Agriculture
✅ Crucial for Rabi crops (esp. wheat).
✅ Excess/unseasonal rains → crop damage & disruption.
🔆 Prelims Practice
Q. With reference to Western Disturbances, consider the following:
1. They originate in the Bay of Bengal and move westward.
2. They are embedded in the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream.
3. They are crucial for Rabi crops in northwestern India.
Which of the above is/are correct?
(a) 1 & 2 only
(b) 2 & 3 only
(c) 1 & 3 only
(d) 1, 2 & 3
👉 Answer: (b)
🔆 Mains Practice
Q. Examine the role of Western Disturbances in shaping the winter climate of India. Discuss their significance for agriculture and the associated risks. (150 words)
#Climatology #Geographyoptional
#geography #mains #GS1
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Mapping_prelims_mains
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