#2MinRevise  #History_Static  #VIMP_PT2020 

Government of India Act 1919 - Part 1

- Based on the report of Edwin Montagu(Secretary of State) and Lord Chelmsford(Viceroy).
Hence, called as Montagu-Chelmsford reforms or Montford reforms.

Features

Provincial Government
Executive:
- Dyarchy was introduced,  two classes of administrators – Executive Councillors and Ministers.
- Subjects were divided into two lists
Reserved list (Under Governor) consisted of law and order, irrigation, finance, land revenue, etc.
Transferred List(Under Ministers) - education, local government, health, excise, industry, public works, etc.

- Ministers were responsible to  legislature, whereas executive councillors were not.

- Ministers were nominated from the elected members of the legislative council.

- The Secretary of State and Governor-General could interfere in matters under the reserved list but this interference was restricted for the transferred list.

Legislature:

- Number of elected members were increased (Now about 70% were elected).
- Some women could also vote.
- The governor’s assent was required to pass the bill. He had veto power and could issue ordinances.

#History_Static #VIMP_PT2020
Government of India Act 1919 - Part 2

Features - Continued
Central government
Executive:
- Governor-General(G-G) =chief executive authority
- G-G executive council - 3 out of 6 members to be Indian.
- G-G was vested with ordinance making power and could also certify bills rejected by the central legislature.
- Two lists for administration – central and provincial

Legislature:
- A bicameral legislature was set up with Legislative Assembly(145 members) andCouncil of State(60 Male members).
- legislators could ask questions and also vote a part of the budget(only 25%)

Governor-General
- G-G assent was required for a  bill to become law.
He could enact a bill without the legislature’s consent.
- provided for Limited franchise based on property, tax and education.
- Extended Communal representation to Indian Christians, Sikhs, Anglo-Indians, and Europeans. 

Other Features
- Provided for the first time, the establishment of a public service commission in India.
- provided for setting up a statutory commission to study the working of the Act.(Hence, Simon Commission 1927).
- created an office of the High Commissioner for India in London.

#Facts_Prelims #PT2020 #History_Static

Political Organizations before Congress formation 

1. Landholders Society(Zamindari Association)
Founded - 1836 - Calcutta
By: Dwarkanath Tagore

2. British India Society
Founded - 1839 - London
By: William Adam

3. Bengal British India Society
Founded - 1843 - Calcutta 
By - George Thompson

4. British India Association
Founded - 1852 - Calcutta 
By - Dwarkanath Tagore

5. Madras Native Association
Founded - 1852 - Madras
By: Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty

6. Bombay Association
Founded - 1852 - Bombay
By - Jagannath Shankar Seth

7. East India Association
Founded - 1866 - London
By - Dadabhai Naoroji

8. National Indian Association
Founded - 1867 - London
By - Mary Carpenter

9. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha
Founded - 1876 - Pune
By: Mahadev Govind Ranade, Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi, S. H. Chiplunkar 

10. Indian Society
Founded - 1872 - London
By -  Anand Mohan Bose

11. Indian Association
Founded - 1876 - Calcutta 
By: Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose

12. Madras Mahajan Sabha
Founded - 1884 - Madras
By -  M. Veeraraghavachariar, G. Subramania Iyer and P. Anandacharlu

13. Bombay Presidency Association
Founded - 1885 - Bombay
By -  Phirozshah Mehta, K.T Telang and Badruddin Tyabji

@Digicate