Embedded Systems
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News, articles, guides, analytics, projects and startups from the embedded industry.

Topics of the channel:
◽️ machine learning
◽️ internet of things
◽️ embedded software
◽️ advanced electronics
◽️ new engineering ideas

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🎬 Creating a GPU With C++ and an FPGA

A quick tutorial from the senior software engineer about the development of a simple application with C++ and FPGA. In less than 100 lines of C++ he will demonstrate how to synthesize C++ into Verilog using Xilinx tools and create a VGA based GPU capable of drawing textures and triangles.

https://youtu.be/P7sNVvwhMJA

#video #programming #fpga
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🎚 LilyGO T-PicoC3 board merges RP2040 & ESP32-C3, integrates color display

LilyGO T-PicoC3 is a small development board combining Raspberry Pi RP2040 dual-core microcontroller with ESP32-C3 RISC-V MCU to add WiFi and Bluetooth LE connectivity and adds a 1.14-inch color display to the mix, plus several I/Os.

Specifications:
▫️ Raspberry Pi RP2040 dual-core Cortex-M0+ MCU with 264 KB of embedded SRAM
▫️ Espressif Systems ESP32-C3 RISC-V processor with WiFi 4 and Bluetooth 5.0 LE connectivity
▫️ Storage – 4MB SPI flash connected to RP2040
▫️ Display – 1.14-inch full-color IPS LCD Display (ST7789V SPI controller) with 240 x 135 resolution

Both the Raspberry Pi RP2040 and ESP32-C3 microcontroller are programmable, and interestingly the Tx/Rx connection is decided by the orientation of the USB Type-C connector: A side is for RP2040 (Blue LED on) and B side (Green LED on) is for ESP32-C3.

#boards #esp32 #raspberry
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📃 Exploring Xiaomi’s new firmware security measures

The author of the article sharing his research on cryptographic signature-based firmware authenticity checks recently added to the Xiaomi Mi scooter firmware. Those scooters use an Over-The-Air (OTA) firmware update mechanism over BLE, so you can update your scooter using nothing but a smartphone app – great because you can easily get all the good new features, but suboptimal because you can easily get all the bad new features.

As an owner of a Mi 1S scooter but a hacker first and foremost, author set up a HTTPS proxy and captured the firmware files that the app downloaded from Xiaomi servers, dug into them, and summarized what he found.

Unlike many of the security measures we’ve seen lacking-by-design, this one secures the OTA firmware updates with what we would consider the industry standard – SHA256 hash with elliptic cryptography-backed signing.

More information...

#articles #security
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📟 ESP32 WiFiMulti: Connect to the Strongest Wi-Fi Network

Learn how to use WiFiMulti with the ESP32.

It allows you to register multiple networks (SSID/password combinations). The ESP32 will connect to the Wi-Fi network with the strongest signal (RSSI). If the connection is lost, it will connect to the next network on the list.

Using WiFiMulti in your ESP32 IoT projects is useful if your board can have access to more than one Wi-Fi network. Implementing this feature in your projects is very simple and improves your projects significantly.

More information...

#projects #esp32
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📰 Breakthrough Discovery of the One-Way Superconductor

Associate professor Mazhar Ali and his research group at Delft University of Technology have discovered one-way superconductivity without magnetic fields, something that was thought to be impossible ever since its discovery in 1911 – until now. The discovery, published in the journal Nature, makes use of 2D quantum materials and paves the way toward superconducting computing. Superconductors can make electronics hundreds of times faster, all with zero energy loss.

In superconductors, a current flows across a wire with no resistance, which means inhibiting this current or even blocking it is hardly possible – let alone getting the current to flow only one way and not the other. The fact that Ali’s group was able to make superconducting one-directional – which is required for computing – is remarkable: it’s like inventing a special type of ice that has zero friction one way but insurmountable friction the other.

More information...

#news #electronics
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🚗 Prototyping an Electric Vehicle in MATLAB Simulink

Designing an EV is an elaborate process as it involves a lot of different sub-systems, and in order to maximize the performance of an EV, a lot of parameters and testing need to be done.

The MATLAB Simulink and Simscape provide features to design and simulate essential Electric Vehicle use cases.

The most important use cases for Matlab are:
▫️ Tune regenerative braking algorithms
▫️ Explore electric powertrain architectures
▫️ Modify a suspension design
▫️ Optimize vehicle performance
▫️ Develop active chassis controls
▫️ Validate ADAS algorithms
▫️ Test using hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)

More information...

#articles #design #matlab
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💻 PikaScript – ultra-lightweight Python engine

PikaScript is an ultra-lightweight Python engine that can run on microcontrollers with as little as 4KB of RAM and 32KB of Flash, while the more popular MicroPython requires at least 256kB of code space and 16kB of RAM.

PikaScript was initially developed to run on STM32G030C8 and STM32F103C8 MCUs, meaning, for example, it works on the BluePill board, but it has also been ported to other platforms like WCH CH582 RISC-V MCU, WinnerMicro W806 C-Sky microcontroller.

PikaScript also permits the binding C function to a Python module through Pika Pre-compiler. PikaScript can run bare metal on the microcontroller, but also supports real-time operating systems such as RT-Thread and VSF (Versaloon Software Framework), as well as Linux.

More information:
The main article
The GitHub repository

#programming #python
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📊 55+ Emerging IoT Technologies you should have on your radar (2022)

The analyst team at IoT Analytics handpicked 58 of the most promising technologies relevant to IoT projects globally and ranked them according to their perceived maturity.

▫️ IoT Software. Eight IoT technologies are nearing maturity, including edge AI, IoT-based streaming analytics, and supervised and unsupervised machine learning.

▫️ IoT Hardware. Six IoT technologies are now classified as fairly mature or mainstream: CPUs, MCUs, GPUs, security chips, FPGA, and edge gateways.

▫️ IoT Connectivity. Four IoT technologies are close to maturity: eSIM, mesh networks, 5G, and Wi-Fi 6.

Three technologies stand out as the fastest movers that advanced the most in three years: Wi-Fi 6, GPUs, and intelligent sensors.

More information...

#articles #IoT
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📰 Intel CEO says 'we're about halfway through' the chip shortage

Usually-optimistic Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger offered up a sobering view on when the semiconductor shortage roiling everything from auto producers to PC makers may abate.

"We are about halfway through [the chip shortage]," Gelsinger told on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, on Monday. "My expectation now is that it persists through 2024. And the big issue that we've additionally faced over the last six to nine months is equipment that goes into the fabs."

Demand for chips surged 17% in 2021 from 2019, a recent report from the Commerce Department found. The median inventory of semiconductor products highlighted by buyers fell from 40 days in 2019 to less than five days in 2021, the report stated, and inventories in key industries are even smaller.

#news
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📃 How to select your embedded systems operating system: OS characteristics

Explore system characteristics you should consider for selecting your operating system.

▫️ The Product’s Lifetime Costs. Designers need to weigh both the hardware and software costs to determine whether it makes sense for their product to use hardware that can run Linux or whether a less expensive and less CPU-intensive solution fits better.

▫️ Physical Characteristics to Consider. Speaking of hardware capabilities and requirements, when selecting your embedded operating system, it’s also essential to examine the physical characteristic chosen by the hardware.

▫️ Software Library Integration. One of the significant differences between using bare metal, an RTOS, or Linux is the availability and the level of integration of the software libraries available to developers.

▫️ Security. Specific operating systems are targeted by hackers more than others because of the toolsets available to them to hack those devices.

#articles
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📟 Anemosens – Build a 3D printed wind sensor / anemometer

In order to be able to evaluate the measured values for wind speed and wind direction, author created a small sensor board, which can be integrated into the base in such a way that the sensors are positioned in exactly the right places.

The sensor board can then be connected to an ESP32 via an optional additional board. The data can then be further processed or stored in various ways.

More information...

#projects #esp32
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📃 What Is Wi-Fi 7 ?

Great capacity, less latency—here's how IEEE 802.11be achieves both

Several new technologies—and some that debuted in Wi-Fi 6E but haven’t entirely yet come into their own—will allow Wi-Fi 7 routers and devices to make full use of an entirely new band of spectrum at 6 gigahertz.

▫️ Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC) makes it possible for Wi-Fi 7 networks to operate around incumbents by preventing transmissions in bands that would interfere with nearby weather radar, radio telescopes, or others. At the same time, it frees up Wi-Fi 7 networks to broadcast at a higher power when they know there’s no preexisting spectrum user nearby to worry about.

▫️ Multi-link operations (MLO) will take advantage of the fact that Wi-Fi’s existing 5-GHz band and new 6-GHz band are comparatively closer than the 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz bands are to each other. Wi-Fi access points have long had the ability to support transmissions over multiple wireless channels at the same time.

#articles #IoT
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📟 Unofficial TikTok Watch

The custom-built smartwatch that plays TikTok videos. This smartwatch uses a microcontroller called the ESP32 Pico, and is coded using the Arduino Library. The PCB is built using EasyEDA and JLPCB.

Using an unofficial API for Python, we can download TikTok videos then use OpenCV and PyDub to stream the data to the ESP32. On the ESP32 we play that data through an ST7789VW display and max98537a DAC.

More information:
Official video
GitHub repository

#projects #esp32
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🎬 Shenzhen: The Silicon Valley of Hardware

Examine the unique manufacturing ecosystem that has emerged, gaining access to the world’s leading hardware-prototyping culture whilst challenging misconceptions from the west.

The film looks at how the evolution of “Shanzhai” – or copycat manufacturing – has transformed traditional models of business, distribution and innovation, and asks what the rest of the world can learn from this so-called “Silicon Valley of hardware".

https://youtu.be/SGJ5cZnoodY

#video
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