🔆Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

✅A specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security.

✅Founded : In 1945 in Quebec City, Canada (HQ - Rome, Italy)
✅India – Joined in 1945 as founding member

✅Global Coverage : With 195 members - 194 countries and the European Union, FAO works in over 130 countries world wide.

Global Reports and Publications

✅ The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI)
✅ The Impact of Disasters on Agriculture and Food Security
✅ Global Report on Food Crises

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🔆Hindustan Republican Association

✅ Founded by : Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Sachindra Nath Bakshi and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee.
✅Chandra Shekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh joined later.
✅ Cause of formation : Disillusioned with Gandhi’s non-violence and calling off Non-cooperation movement (NCM) in 1922.
✅ Manifesto : Krantikari (Revolutionary) was released in 1925.
✅ Objective : To establish a federal Republic of United States of India with universal suffrage and socialist principles by an organized and armed revolution.

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🔆 Zero FIR (First Information Report)

✅ Unlike an FIR, which is restricted by jurisdiction, a zero FIR can be filed in any police station, regardless of whether the offence was committed under the jurisdiction of that particular police station.
✅ Whereas FIRs have serial numbers assigned to them, zero FIRs are assigned the number ‘0’. Hence the name, Zero FIR.
✅ After a police station registers a zero FIR, it has to transfer the complaint to a police station that has the jurisdiction to investigate the alleged offence.
✅ Once a zero FIR is transferred, the police station with the appropriate jurisdiction assigned it a serial number, thereby converting it into a regular FIR.

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🔆National Party Status :

✅Citing the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968, which
stipulates criteria for recognition as a national or state party.
✅The ElectionCommission of India (ECI) now recognises six national parties.
🔸Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),
🔸Indian National Congress,
🔸Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP),
🔸Communist Party of India (CPI) (Marxist),
🔸National People’s Party (NPP) and
🔸Aam Aadmi Party (AAP).

▪️ How is a Party’s National status decided?

✅ Votes in Lok Sabha (LS), state polls: A party should secure at least 6% of votes
polled in four or more states in LS or assembly elections, and, in addition, have at least four members in LS.
✅ Seats in LS: It should have at least 2% of total Lok Sabha seats and have candidates from not less than three states.
✅ Must be a state party: in at least four states.

▪️Benefits of National Party Status :

✅ Exclusive allotment of its reserved symbol to its candidates throughout India.
✅ Need only one person to propose a candidate’s name to file nominations.
✅ Get broadcast facilities over Akashvani/Doordarshan during general elections.
✅ Can have up to 40-star campaigners while others can have up to 20-star campaigners.

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🔆 National Statistical Commission (NSC)

📍 Establishment
✅ Set up in 2005 as an autonomous institution
✅ Based on Rangarajan Commission (2000) recommendations
✅ Under MoSPI

📍 Composition
✅ Part-time Chairperson (eminent statistician/social scientist)
✅ 4 Part-time Members (specialised fields)
✅ CEO, NITI Aayog — ex-officio member
✅ Chief Statistician of India — Secretary to NSC

📍 Mandate
✅ Identify core statistics for the country
✅ Frame national statistical policies & priorities
✅ Lay down quality standards
✅ Ensure coordination across ministries on statistical matters

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Pandita Ramabai
✅Mahila Arya Samaj founder
✅Mukti Mission
✅Sharda Sadan
✅Widow home (Bombay)
✅Medical education for Women
✅Indian scholar, 1st feminist

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🔆Buddhist Terminology

✅Pratyeka Buddhas: Beings who have attained enlightenment without guidance but have not taught it to the world.
✅Arhat: Who have achieved Nirvana.
✅Bodhisattva: Abeing about to become Buddha shows charity and helper of man.
✅Sramanas/Bhikshu: Buddhist monks.
✅Upasakas: Lay followers.
✅Mahaparinirvana: Final blowing out, death.
✅Arya-Atthangikamagga: Noble eight-fold path.
✅Ashtamahasthanas: Eight holy places.
✅Tathagata: One of the titles of Buddha.
✅Prajna Parimita : Female deity of perfection and insight associated with Mahayana.
✅Anatta: Soullessness.
✅Samnera: Buddhist monks before being introduced into sangha as full-fledged member.
✅Paramita: 10 percepts (vows) observed by monks.
✅Pratimoksa: Rules of 150 articles (a part of Vinay Pitaka).
✅Skandhakas: Monastic rules.
✅Poshadha: Fortnightly meeting in Sanghas.
✅Siddha: Perfected being in Vajrayana.
✅Sakra: Gold identical with Indra used by the monks.
✅Sangha: Buddhist order.
✅Vassa: Retreat during rainy season by the monks.
✅Sangharam: Resting place for monks.
✅Vihara: Buddhist monastery.
✅Pravajya: Initial ordination for old and experienced monks.
✅Sramanas: Buddhist monks, in general.
✅Upajjhaya: Spiritual leader.
✅Sanketas: Four noble truths.
✅Upasotha/Roya: Days of fast on full moon, new moon and two quarter moon days in a month.
✅Chaitya: Temples of Buddhists.

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🔆National Party Status :

✅Citing the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968, which
stipulates criteria for recognition as a national or state party.
✅The ElectionCommission of India (ECI) now recognises six national parties.
🔸Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),
🔸Indian National Congress,
🔸Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP),
🔸Communist Party of India (CPI) (Marxist),
🔸National People’s Party (NPP) and
🔸Aam Aadmi Party (AAP).

▪️ How is a Party’s National status decided?

✅ Votes in Lok Sabha (LS), state polls: A party should secure at least 6% of votes
polled in four or more states in LS or assembly elections, and, in addition, have at least four members in LS.
✅ Seats in LS: It should have at least 2% of total Lok Sabha seats and have candidates from not less than three states.
✅ Must be a state party: in at least four states.

▪️Benefits of National Party Status :

✅ Exclusive allotment of its reserved symbol to its candidates throughout India.
✅ Need only one person to propose a candidate’s name to file nominations.
✅ Get broadcast facilities over Akashvani/Doordarshan during general elections.
✅ Can have up to 40-star campaigners while others can have up to 20-star campaigners.

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ARTICLE 240

✅Article 240 empowers the President of India to make regulations for the peace, progress, and good government of certain Union Territories.

✅Currently, this applies to Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu, and Puducherry (only when its assembly is suspended/dissolved).

✅Regulations made by the President under Article 240 have the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament.

✅ The Union government planned to introduce Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill, 2025 to include the UT of Chandigarh under Article 240.

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✅Gross Domestic Product (GDP) : GDP is defined as total market value of all final goods and services in an economy. It is used to assess the size of economy.

✅Growth of GDP : It can be either due to increase in actual production or due to increase in prices of goods and services or combination of both the above two factors.

✅Nominal GDP : It is the value of GDP at the current prevailing prices.

✅Real GDP : It is the value of GDP at some constant set of prices.
Real GDP growth rate = Nominal rate – Inflation (GDP Deflator)

✅The GDP deflator : It is the ratio of nominal to real GDP.

GDP Deflator = Nominal GDP / Real GDP

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🔆Hindustan Republican Association

✅ Founded by : Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Sachindra Nath Bakshi and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee.
✅Chandra Shekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh joined later.
✅ Cause of formation : Disillusioned with Gandhi’s non-violence and calling off Non-cooperation movement (NCM) in 1922.
✅ Manifesto : Krantikari (Revolutionary) was released in 1925.
✅ Objective : To establish a federal Republic of United States of India with universal suffrage and socialist principles by an organized and armed revolution.

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🔆Bhakti Saint & their time period

✅Shankara (788 - 820 AD)
✅Ramanuja (1017-1137 A.D)
✅Basava (12th Century)
✅Madhva (1238-1319 AD)
✅Ramanada (15th century)
✅Kabir (1440-1510 AD)
✅Chaitanya (1468-1533 AD)
✅Guru Nanak Dev (1469-1538 AD)
✅Purandara (15th century)
✅Dadu Dayal (1544-1603 AD)
✅Surdas (1483-1563 AD)
✅Vallabhacharya (1479-1531 AD)
✅Shankaradeva (1499-1569 AD)
✅Mirabai (1498-1563 AD)
✅Haridas (1478-1573 AD)
✅Tulasidas (1532-1623 AD)
✅Namdeva (1270-1309 AD)
✅Jnanesvar (1275-1296 AD)
✅Eknath (1533-1599AD)
✅Tukaram (1608?- 1650AD)

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Him-CONNECT:

Organised by MoEFCC. Connects Indian Himalayan Region researchers with start-ups, investors, policymakers. Showcases NMHS technologies (not exclusively wildlife).

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India’s Tsunami Warning System:

✅INCOIS operates the Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (ITEWC).
✅Current system mainly detects seismic-triggered tsunamis; working to expand to non-seismic causes.
✅India setting up Regional Service Centre (RSC) in Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

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