#upscpre
✍The Pelindaba treaty( Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Treaty (ANWFZT) which is also known as Pelindaba treaty.)
👉 prohibits Namibia, fourth largest producer of uranium to implement nuclear agreement with India as it not the signatory of Nuclear Non Proliferation treaty (NPT). India and Namibia had signed an agreement on nuclear energy i.e. deal to supply Uranium for civil use in 2009.
✍The Pelindaba treaty( Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Treaty (ANWFZT) which is also known as Pelindaba treaty.)
👉 prohibits Namibia, fourth largest producer of uranium to implement nuclear agreement with India as it not the signatory of Nuclear Non Proliferation treaty (NPT). India and Namibia had signed an agreement on nuclear energy i.e. deal to supply Uranium for civil use in 2009.
#schemes
#upscpre
#hrd
🔖Swadesh Darshan Scheme
👉The Union Ministry of Tourism had launched the Swadesh Darshan Scheme in 2014-15 with an aim to develop theme based tourist circuits in the country.
👉These tourist circuits will be developed on the principles of high tourist value, competitiveness and sustainability in an integrated manner.
👉They will be developed by synergizing efforts to focus on concerns and needs of all stakeholders to enrich tourist experience and enhance employment opportunities.
👉Under this scheme, 13 thematic circuits have been identified for development. They are Buddhist Circuit, North-East India Circuit, Coastal Circuit, Himalayan Circuit, Krishna Circuit, Desert Circuit, Eco Circuit, Wildlife Circuit, Tribal Circuit, Rural Circuit, Spiritual Circuit, Ramayana Circuit and Heritage Circuit.
#upscpre
#hrd
🔖Swadesh Darshan Scheme
👉The Union Ministry of Tourism had launched the Swadesh Darshan Scheme in 2014-15 with an aim to develop theme based tourist circuits in the country.
👉These tourist circuits will be developed on the principles of high tourist value, competitiveness and sustainability in an integrated manner.
👉They will be developed by synergizing efforts to focus on concerns and needs of all stakeholders to enrich tourist experience and enhance employment opportunities.
👉Under this scheme, 13 thematic circuits have been identified for development. They are Buddhist Circuit, North-East India Circuit, Coastal Circuit, Himalayan Circuit, Krishna Circuit, Desert Circuit, Eco Circuit, Wildlife Circuit, Tribal Circuit, Rural Circuit, Spiritual Circuit, Ramayana Circuit and Heritage Circuit.
#upscpre
#geography
📌Poly-Metallic Sulphides (PMS)
✏️PMS are mineral deposit with three or more metals in commercial quantities that may occur in volcanogenic, magmatic or hydrothermal environments.
✏️Deep seabed PMS mainly contain iron, silver, gold, zinc, copper, platinum in variable constitutions.
✏️They are formed due to precipitation of hot fluids coming from deep interior of the oceanic crust due to upwelling hot magma discharged through mineralized chimneys.
✏️Owing to their long term commercial as well as strategic values, PMS found in the Ocean Ridges have attracted worldwide attention.
#geography
📌Poly-Metallic Sulphides (PMS)
✏️PMS are mineral deposit with three or more metals in commercial quantities that may occur in volcanogenic, magmatic or hydrothermal environments.
✏️Deep seabed PMS mainly contain iron, silver, gold, zinc, copper, platinum in variable constitutions.
✏️They are formed due to precipitation of hot fluids coming from deep interior of the oceanic crust due to upwelling hot magma discharged through mineralized chimneys.
✏️Owing to their long term commercial as well as strategic values, PMS found in the Ocean Ridges have attracted worldwide attention.
#upscpre
The red colour of the rising and the setting sun and the blue colour of the sky are the result of scattering of light within the atmosphere.
The red colour of the rising and the setting sun and the blue colour of the sky are the result of scattering of light within the atmosphere.
#upscpre
#mpscpre
A light year is a measure of distance and not of time. Light travels at a speed of 300,000 km/second. Considering this, the distances the light will travel in one year is taken to be one light year. This equals to 9.461×1012 km. The mean distance between the sun and the earth is 149,598,000 km. In terms of light years, it is 8.311minutes.
@ajit_thorbole
@mpsc_simplified
#mpscpre
A light year is a measure of distance and not of time. Light travels at a speed of 300,000 km/second. Considering this, the distances the light will travel in one year is taken to be one light year. This equals to 9.461×1012 km. The mean distance between the sun and the earth is 149,598,000 km. In terms of light years, it is 8.311minutes.
@ajit_thorbole
@mpsc_simplified
#mpscsimplified
#mpscmain_paper4
#economics
#schemes
#upscpre
PRADHAN MANTRI FASAL BIMA YOJANA
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) is the new crop damage insurance scheme that was approved by the Union Cabinet in January 2016.
It will replace the existing two crop insurance schemes, National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and Modified NAIS.
The newscheme will come into force from the kharif season starting in June this year.
CROPS COVERED: The scheme covers kharif, rabi and annual commercial and horticultural crops. For kharif crops, the premium charged would be up to 2 per cent of the sum insured. For rabi crops, the premium would be up to 1.5 per cent of the sum assured. For annual commercial and horticultural crops, premium would be 5 per cent. The remaining share of premium will be borne equally by the Central and respective State Governments.
INSURANCE: There will be one insurance company for the whole State. Private insurance companies will be roped along with Agriculture Insurance Company of India Limited (AIC) to implement the scheme.
LOSSES COVERED: Apart from yield loss, the new scheme will cover post-harvest losses. It will also provide farm-level assessment for localised calamities, including hail storms, unseasonal rains, landslides and inundation.
USE OF TECHNOLOGY: The scheme proposes mandatory use of remote sensing, smart phones and drones for quick estimation of crop loss. This will speed up the claim process.
OTHER FEATURES: Within next 2-3 years, the scheme aims to cover 50 per cent of farmers. The settlement of claims will be fastened for the full sum assured. About 25 per cent of the likely claims will be settled directly in farmers’ account. There will not be a cap on the premium and reduction of the sum insured.
COMPARISON WITH EARLIER SCHEMES: It is open to all farmers but not mandatory. It is optional for loanee and non-loanee farmers. It has so far the lowest premium. The farmers’ premium has been kept at a maximum of 2 per cent for foodgrains and up to 5 per cent for annual commercial horticulture crops. For rabi crops, it is 1.5 per cent. The balance premium will be paid by the Government to provide full insured amount to farmers. It provides full coverage of insurance and covers localised risks such as hail storm, landslide, inundation, etc. The scheme provides post-harvest coverage.
#mpscmain_paper4
#economics
#schemes
#upscpre
PRADHAN MANTRI FASAL BIMA YOJANA
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) is the new crop damage insurance scheme that was approved by the Union Cabinet in January 2016.
It will replace the existing two crop insurance schemes, National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and Modified NAIS.
The newscheme will come into force from the kharif season starting in June this year.
CROPS COVERED: The scheme covers kharif, rabi and annual commercial and horticultural crops. For kharif crops, the premium charged would be up to 2 per cent of the sum insured. For rabi crops, the premium would be up to 1.5 per cent of the sum assured. For annual commercial and horticultural crops, premium would be 5 per cent. The remaining share of premium will be borne equally by the Central and respective State Governments.
INSURANCE: There will be one insurance company for the whole State. Private insurance companies will be roped along with Agriculture Insurance Company of India Limited (AIC) to implement the scheme.
LOSSES COVERED: Apart from yield loss, the new scheme will cover post-harvest losses. It will also provide farm-level assessment for localised calamities, including hail storms, unseasonal rains, landslides and inundation.
USE OF TECHNOLOGY: The scheme proposes mandatory use of remote sensing, smart phones and drones for quick estimation of crop loss. This will speed up the claim process.
OTHER FEATURES: Within next 2-3 years, the scheme aims to cover 50 per cent of farmers. The settlement of claims will be fastened for the full sum assured. About 25 per cent of the likely claims will be settled directly in farmers’ account. There will not be a cap on the premium and reduction of the sum insured.
COMPARISON WITH EARLIER SCHEMES: It is open to all farmers but not mandatory. It is optional for loanee and non-loanee farmers. It has so far the lowest premium. The farmers’ premium has been kept at a maximum of 2 per cent for foodgrains and up to 5 per cent for annual commercial horticulture crops. For rabi crops, it is 1.5 per cent. The balance premium will be paid by the Government to provide full insured amount to farmers. It provides full coverage of insurance and covers localised risks such as hail storm, landslide, inundation, etc. The scheme provides post-harvest coverage.
#economics
#upscpre
Deputy Governors of RBI:
The RBI has four deputy governors and typically two are from the outside, of which traditionally one is a commercial banker and the other an economist.
The two others are promoted from within the central bank’s ranks.
A central bank Deputy Governor can be appointed for a term with a maximum of five years or till the age of 62, whichever is earlier.
#upscpre
Deputy Governors of RBI:
The RBI has four deputy governors and typically two are from the outside, of which traditionally one is a commercial banker and the other an economist.
The two others are promoted from within the central bank’s ranks.
A central bank Deputy Governor can be appointed for a term with a maximum of five years or till the age of 62, whichever is earlier.
#upscpre
#current
GI tag:
The GI tag is an indication which is definite to a geographical territory. It is used for agricultural, natural and manufactured goods. For a product to get GI tag, the goods need to be produced or processed or prepared in that region. It is also essential that the product has special quality or reputation.
Recently The fight is between Odisha and West Bengal, with each one claiming ownership of rasagolla.
#current
GI tag:
The GI tag is an indication which is definite to a geographical territory. It is used for agricultural, natural and manufactured goods. For a product to get GI tag, the goods need to be produced or processed or prepared in that region. It is also essential that the product has special quality or reputation.
Recently The fight is between Odisha and West Bengal, with each one claiming ownership of rasagolla.
#stimains
#mpscsimplified
#mpscmain_paper4
#upscpre
प्रधानमंत्री कृषी सिंचन योजना
1.शेती हा व्यवसाय अधिक फायदेशीर व्हावा, शेतकऱ्यांची जोखीम कमी व्हावी तसेच आधुनिक कृषी तंत्राला प्रोत्साहन मिळण्यासाठी खात्रीपूर्वक व संरक्षित सिंचन व्यवस्था निर्माण करणे आवश्यक आहे.
2.केंद्र शासनाच्या महत्वाकांक्षी योजनेमध्ये सन 2015-16 पासून ‘प्रधानमंत्री कृषी सिंचन योजना’ या समाविष्ट केली आहे.
3.प्रत्येक शेतकऱ्यांच्या शेतास पाण्याची उपलब्धता करणे आणि पाण्याची कार्यक्षमता वाढवून पाण्याच्या प्रत्येक थेंबातून जास्तीत जास्त पीक उत्पादन मिळविणे (more crop per drop) हा या योजनेचा उद्देश आहे.
4.सन 2014-15 पर्यंत केंद्र पुरस्कृत सूक्ष्म सिंचन योजना 80:20 (केंद्र 80 टक्के व राज्य 20 टक्के) या प्रमाणात राबविण्यात येत होती.
5.केंद्र शासनाने केंद्र पुरस्कृत सूक्ष्म सिंचन योजनेची अंमलबजावणी करताना केंद्र व राज्य हिश्श्याच्या अर्थसहाय्याचे प्रमाण 60:40 निश्चित केलेले आहे.
योजनेची व्याप्ती :
राज्यातील सर्व 34 जिल्ह्यांमध्ये पंतप्रधान कृषी सिंचन योजनेंतर्गत सूक्ष्म सिंचन योजना राबविण्यात येत आहे.
योजनेची उद्दिष्ट्ये :
1. आधुनिक तंत्रज्ञानाचा वापर करुन सुक्ष्म सिंचनाखालील क्षेत्रात वाढ करणे.
2. जलवापर कार्यक्षमतेत वाढ करणे.
3. कृषी उत्पादन आणि पर्यायाने शेतकऱ्यांच्या एकूण उत्पन्नात वृद्धी करणे.
4. समन्वयित पद्धतीने विविध योजनांची अंमलबजावणी करणे.
5. आधुनिक तंत्रज्ञानावर आधारित कृषि व फलोद्यानाचा विकास करण्यासाठी सूक्ष्म सिंचन पद्धती विकसित करणे, त्याची वृद्धी व प्रसार करणे.
6. कुशल व अर्धकुशल बेरोजगारांसाठी रोजगाराच्या संधी निर्माण करणे.
योजनेत अंतर्भूत घटक :
1.ठिबक सिंचन: इन लाईन, ऑन लाईन, सबसरफेस, मायक्रोजेट, फॅनजेटस.
2. तुषार सिंचन: मायक्रो स्प्रिंकलर, मिनी स्प्रिंकलर, पोर्टेबल स्प्रिंकलर व रेनगन.
#mpscsimplified
#mpscmain_paper4
#upscpre
प्रधानमंत्री कृषी सिंचन योजना
1.शेती हा व्यवसाय अधिक फायदेशीर व्हावा, शेतकऱ्यांची जोखीम कमी व्हावी तसेच आधुनिक कृषी तंत्राला प्रोत्साहन मिळण्यासाठी खात्रीपूर्वक व संरक्षित सिंचन व्यवस्था निर्माण करणे आवश्यक आहे.
2.केंद्र शासनाच्या महत्वाकांक्षी योजनेमध्ये सन 2015-16 पासून ‘प्रधानमंत्री कृषी सिंचन योजना’ या समाविष्ट केली आहे.
3.प्रत्येक शेतकऱ्यांच्या शेतास पाण्याची उपलब्धता करणे आणि पाण्याची कार्यक्षमता वाढवून पाण्याच्या प्रत्येक थेंबातून जास्तीत जास्त पीक उत्पादन मिळविणे (more crop per drop) हा या योजनेचा उद्देश आहे.
4.सन 2014-15 पर्यंत केंद्र पुरस्कृत सूक्ष्म सिंचन योजना 80:20 (केंद्र 80 टक्के व राज्य 20 टक्के) या प्रमाणात राबविण्यात येत होती.
5.केंद्र शासनाने केंद्र पुरस्कृत सूक्ष्म सिंचन योजनेची अंमलबजावणी करताना केंद्र व राज्य हिश्श्याच्या अर्थसहाय्याचे प्रमाण 60:40 निश्चित केलेले आहे.
योजनेची व्याप्ती :
राज्यातील सर्व 34 जिल्ह्यांमध्ये पंतप्रधान कृषी सिंचन योजनेंतर्गत सूक्ष्म सिंचन योजना राबविण्यात येत आहे.
योजनेची उद्दिष्ट्ये :
1. आधुनिक तंत्रज्ञानाचा वापर करुन सुक्ष्म सिंचनाखालील क्षेत्रात वाढ करणे.
2. जलवापर कार्यक्षमतेत वाढ करणे.
3. कृषी उत्पादन आणि पर्यायाने शेतकऱ्यांच्या एकूण उत्पन्नात वृद्धी करणे.
4. समन्वयित पद्धतीने विविध योजनांची अंमलबजावणी करणे.
5. आधुनिक तंत्रज्ञानावर आधारित कृषि व फलोद्यानाचा विकास करण्यासाठी सूक्ष्म सिंचन पद्धती विकसित करणे, त्याची वृद्धी व प्रसार करणे.
6. कुशल व अर्धकुशल बेरोजगारांसाठी रोजगाराच्या संधी निर्माण करणे.
योजनेत अंतर्भूत घटक :
1.ठिबक सिंचन: इन लाईन, ऑन लाईन, सबसरफेस, मायक्रोजेट, फॅनजेटस.
2. तुषार सिंचन: मायक्रो स्प्रिंकलर, मिनी स्प्रिंकलर, पोर्टेबल स्प्रिंकलर व रेनगन.
#environment
#upscpre
1971: Convention on Wetlands of International Importance ("Ramsar Convention")
1972: Stockholm Declaration 1973: Convention on International Trade in Endangered species of Wild flora and fauna (CITES)
1982: Nairobi Declaration
1985: Vienna convention for the protection of ozone layer
1987: Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
1987: Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development ("Brundtland Report")
1992: Agenda 21
1992: Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 1992: Convention on Biological Diversity
1997: Protocol to the UNFCCC ("Kyoto Protocol")
1998: Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade ("Rotterdam Convention")
2000: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety ("Cartagena Protocol")
2001: Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants ("Stockholm Convention")
2010: The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (‘Nagoya Protocol’) 2012: United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development – RIO +20
2015: Paris Agreement (To replace Kyoto Protocol)
@mpsc_simplified
#upscpre
1971: Convention on Wetlands of International Importance ("Ramsar Convention")
1972: Stockholm Declaration 1973: Convention on International Trade in Endangered species of Wild flora and fauna (CITES)
1982: Nairobi Declaration
1985: Vienna convention for the protection of ozone layer
1987: Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
1987: Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development ("Brundtland Report")
1992: Agenda 21
1992: Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 1992: Convention on Biological Diversity
1997: Protocol to the UNFCCC ("Kyoto Protocol")
1998: Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade ("Rotterdam Convention")
2000: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety ("Cartagena Protocol")
2001: Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants ("Stockholm Convention")
2010: The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (‘Nagoya Protocol’) 2012: United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development – RIO +20
2015: Paris Agreement (To replace Kyoto Protocol)
@mpsc_simplified
#mpscsimplified
#upscpre
#current
Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency(CBIT) Fund
CBIT is an outcome of the UNFCCC's Paris agreement in 2015 and expected to address the issue of transparency
Objectives:
-To help developing countries monitor and report the progress on their climate actions
-Strengthening of national institutions of participating members in transparency related activities with respect to the Nationally Determined Contributions
- To bring transparency in the financial help, technology transfer and capacity building support by the developed countries to developing countries. Both have to provide relevant information
Design:
- The fund will be set up by the GEF, with financial support from the developed nations like US, UK, Canada etc.
- World Bank has been requested to act as the trustee for the fund, who was also a trustee in the initial hand holding of GEF
Significance:
- Many developing countries lack the necessary capacity to monitor and report their progress on the front of INDCs This fund helps developed countries to take on board the developing countries in developing their domestic capacities leading to transparent mechanisms in reporting the progress
#upscpre
#current
Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency(CBIT) Fund
CBIT is an outcome of the UNFCCC's Paris agreement in 2015 and expected to address the issue of transparency
Objectives:
-To help developing countries monitor and report the progress on their climate actions
-Strengthening of national institutions of participating members in transparency related activities with respect to the Nationally Determined Contributions
- To bring transparency in the financial help, technology transfer and capacity building support by the developed countries to developing countries. Both have to provide relevant information
Design:
- The fund will be set up by the GEF, with financial support from the developed nations like US, UK, Canada etc.
- World Bank has been requested to act as the trustee for the fund, who was also a trustee in the initial hand holding of GEF
Significance:
- Many developing countries lack the necessary capacity to monitor and report their progress on the front of INDCs This fund helps developed countries to take on board the developing countries in developing their domestic capacities leading to transparent mechanisms in reporting the progress
#upscpre
#interview
FSSAI has been mandated by the FSS Act, 2006 for performing the following functions:
-Framing of Regulations to lay down the Standards and guidelines in relation to articles of food and specifying appropriate system of enforcing various standards thus notified.
-Laying down mechanisms and guidelines for accreditation of certification bodies engaged in certification of food safety management system for food businesses.
-Laying down procedure and guidelines for accreditation of laboratories and notification of the accredited laboratories.
-To provide scientific advice and technical support to Central Government and State Governments in the matters of framing the policy and rules in areas which have a direct or indirect bearing of food safety and nutrition .
-Collect and collate data regarding food consumption, incidence and prevalence of biological risk, contaminants in food, residues of various, contaminants in foods products, identification of emerging risks and introduction of rapid alert system.
-Creating an information network across the country so that the public, consumers, Panchayats etc receive rapid, reliable and objective information about food safety and issues of concern.
-Provide training programmes for persons who are involved or intend to get involved in food businesses.
-Contribute to the development of international technical standards for food, sanitary and phyto-sanitary standards.
-Promote general awareness about food safety and food standards.
#interview
FSSAI has been mandated by the FSS Act, 2006 for performing the following functions:
-Framing of Regulations to lay down the Standards and guidelines in relation to articles of food and specifying appropriate system of enforcing various standards thus notified.
-Laying down mechanisms and guidelines for accreditation of certification bodies engaged in certification of food safety management system for food businesses.
-Laying down procedure and guidelines for accreditation of laboratories and notification of the accredited laboratories.
-To provide scientific advice and technical support to Central Government and State Governments in the matters of framing the policy and rules in areas which have a direct or indirect bearing of food safety and nutrition .
-Collect and collate data regarding food consumption, incidence and prevalence of biological risk, contaminants in food, residues of various, contaminants in foods products, identification of emerging risks and introduction of rapid alert system.
-Creating an information network across the country so that the public, consumers, Panchayats etc receive rapid, reliable and objective information about food safety and issues of concern.
-Provide training programmes for persons who are involved or intend to get involved in food businesses.
-Contribute to the development of international technical standards for food, sanitary and phyto-sanitary standards.
-Promote general awareness about food safety and food standards.
Ramesh Sathe:
#current
#hrd
#hr
#upscpre
=>"पंजाब ड्रग्स समस्या : समाज को खोखला करते हुए मादक पदार्थ"
★ कभी हरित क्रांति का अगुवा रहा पंजाब आज ड्रग्स की समस्या के कारण चर्चा में है।ड्रग्स से लत लोगो की तादाद बहुत बड़ी है।
=>एक नजर आंकड़ो पर:-
★सोसाइटी फ़ॉर प्रमोशन ऑफ यूथ एंड मासेज (ए़पीआईएम) के मुताबिक़ पंजाब में ड्रग्स और दवाइयों की लत के चपेट में क़रीब 2.3 लाख लोग हैं. जबकि क़रीब 8.6 लाख़ लोगों के बारे में अनुमान हैं कि उन्हें लत तो नहीं है, लेकिन वो नशीले पदार्थों का इस्तेमाल करते हैं.
★रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक़ नशा करने वालों में 99 फ़ीसदी मर्द, 89 फ़ीसदी पढ़े लिखे, 54 फ़ीसदी शादी शुदा लोग हैं. हेरोइन सबसे ज़्यादा इस्तेमाल होने वाला मादक पदार्थ है (53 फ़ीसदी). हेरोइन इस्तेमाल करने वाला इस पर रोज़ाना क़रीब 1400 रुपए ख़र्च कर डालता है.
=>"क्यों पंजाब में नौजवान इसकी तरफ आकर्षित हो रहे हैं?
♂असली समस्या है बेरोजगारी:-
★पंजाब के नौजवानों के लिए आजीविका के विकल्पों का अभाव। यह वही पंजाब है, जो कभी अपने उद्यमी किसानों के लिए सराहा जाता था, जिसने 1960 और 70 के दशक के आरंभिक वर्षो में हरित क्रांति की कामयाबी की शुरुआती कहानियां रचीं। 1980 के दशक के बाद पंजाब देश के सबसे अधिक प्रति-व्यक्ति आय वाले सूबों में शामिल रहा।
★लेकिन पिछले दो दशकों में यह कृषि विकास दर के मामले में ज्यादातर राज्यों से पिछड़ता गया है। न सिर्फ तमाम मुख्य फसलों की पैदावार और उत्पादन थम-सा गया है, बल्कि जोत का रकबा कम होने से मुनाफा भी घटता चला गया है। फिर प्राकृतिक संसाधनों की बिगड़ती स्थिति ने भी नौजवानों को किसानी के काम से विमुख किया है।
★मिट्टी की खराब होती गुणवत्ता और गिरते भूजल-स्तर के कारण खेती करना अब काफी महंगा कार्य हो गया है, और इसके मशीनीकरण के साथ हालात चरम पर पहुंच गए हैं।
★ यंत्रों के कारण मजदूरों का इस्तेमाल काफी कम हो गया है, ऐसे में अब तक कृषि कार्य से रोजगार पा रहे कामगार बेकार हो रहे हैं। पंजाब में कृषि क्षेत्र की बदतर हालत किसानों की खुदकुशी से भी जाहिर होती है
★हाल के वर्षो में विदेश जाने की रफ्तार भी धीमी पड़ी है और राज्य में रोजगार के वैकल्पिक अवसरों के अभाव में बेरोजगारी की समस्या बद से बदतर होती गई है।
=>"निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)"
★पंजाब में ड्रग्स की समस्या कानून-व्यवस्था का मसला नहीं है। सरकार की नाकामी ने यकीनन इस समस्या को और गंभीर बनाया है, पर यह मसला आर्थिक है। यह मुद्दा एक ऐसी रणनीति पर गंभीर बहस की जरूरत बता रहा है, जो न सिर्फ खेती छोड़ने वाले नौजवानों को लाभकारी रोजगार मुहैया कराने में समर्थ हो, बल्कि श्रम-बल का हिस्सा बनने वाले नए युवा-युवतियों की अपेक्षाओं को भी पूरा करती हो।
★ड्रग्स की लत का खतरा तो हमारी आर्थिक नीति के गंभीर रोग का लक्षण मात्र है, जो रोजगार के पर्याप्त अवसर पैदा करने में नाकाम रही है। पंजाब जैसी बेचैनी दूसरे सूबों में भी दिखने लगी है और यही वक्त है कि केंद्र सरकार बेरोजगारी की समस्या से निपटने को लेकर एक ठोस रणनीति बनाए। लेकिन अफसोस, समस्या के हल की बात तो दूर, इसकी गंभीरता ही नहीं समझी जा रही है।
#current
#hrd
#hr
#upscpre
=>"पंजाब ड्रग्स समस्या : समाज को खोखला करते हुए मादक पदार्थ"
★ कभी हरित क्रांति का अगुवा रहा पंजाब आज ड्रग्स की समस्या के कारण चर्चा में है।ड्रग्स से लत लोगो की तादाद बहुत बड़ी है।
=>एक नजर आंकड़ो पर:-
★सोसाइटी फ़ॉर प्रमोशन ऑफ यूथ एंड मासेज (ए़पीआईएम) के मुताबिक़ पंजाब में ड्रग्स और दवाइयों की लत के चपेट में क़रीब 2.3 लाख लोग हैं. जबकि क़रीब 8.6 लाख़ लोगों के बारे में अनुमान हैं कि उन्हें लत तो नहीं है, लेकिन वो नशीले पदार्थों का इस्तेमाल करते हैं.
★रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक़ नशा करने वालों में 99 फ़ीसदी मर्द, 89 फ़ीसदी पढ़े लिखे, 54 फ़ीसदी शादी शुदा लोग हैं. हेरोइन सबसे ज़्यादा इस्तेमाल होने वाला मादक पदार्थ है (53 फ़ीसदी). हेरोइन इस्तेमाल करने वाला इस पर रोज़ाना क़रीब 1400 रुपए ख़र्च कर डालता है.
=>"क्यों पंजाब में नौजवान इसकी तरफ आकर्षित हो रहे हैं?
♂असली समस्या है बेरोजगारी:-
★पंजाब के नौजवानों के लिए आजीविका के विकल्पों का अभाव। यह वही पंजाब है, जो कभी अपने उद्यमी किसानों के लिए सराहा जाता था, जिसने 1960 और 70 के दशक के आरंभिक वर्षो में हरित क्रांति की कामयाबी की शुरुआती कहानियां रचीं। 1980 के दशक के बाद पंजाब देश के सबसे अधिक प्रति-व्यक्ति आय वाले सूबों में शामिल रहा।
★लेकिन पिछले दो दशकों में यह कृषि विकास दर के मामले में ज्यादातर राज्यों से पिछड़ता गया है। न सिर्फ तमाम मुख्य फसलों की पैदावार और उत्पादन थम-सा गया है, बल्कि जोत का रकबा कम होने से मुनाफा भी घटता चला गया है। फिर प्राकृतिक संसाधनों की बिगड़ती स्थिति ने भी नौजवानों को किसानी के काम से विमुख किया है।
★मिट्टी की खराब होती गुणवत्ता और गिरते भूजल-स्तर के कारण खेती करना अब काफी महंगा कार्य हो गया है, और इसके मशीनीकरण के साथ हालात चरम पर पहुंच गए हैं।
★ यंत्रों के कारण मजदूरों का इस्तेमाल काफी कम हो गया है, ऐसे में अब तक कृषि कार्य से रोजगार पा रहे कामगार बेकार हो रहे हैं। पंजाब में कृषि क्षेत्र की बदतर हालत किसानों की खुदकुशी से भी जाहिर होती है
★हाल के वर्षो में विदेश जाने की रफ्तार भी धीमी पड़ी है और राज्य में रोजगार के वैकल्पिक अवसरों के अभाव में बेरोजगारी की समस्या बद से बदतर होती गई है।
=>"निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)"
★पंजाब में ड्रग्स की समस्या कानून-व्यवस्था का मसला नहीं है। सरकार की नाकामी ने यकीनन इस समस्या को और गंभीर बनाया है, पर यह मसला आर्थिक है। यह मुद्दा एक ऐसी रणनीति पर गंभीर बहस की जरूरत बता रहा है, जो न सिर्फ खेती छोड़ने वाले नौजवानों को लाभकारी रोजगार मुहैया कराने में समर्थ हो, बल्कि श्रम-बल का हिस्सा बनने वाले नए युवा-युवतियों की अपेक्षाओं को भी पूरा करती हो।
★ड्रग्स की लत का खतरा तो हमारी आर्थिक नीति के गंभीर रोग का लक्षण मात्र है, जो रोजगार के पर्याप्त अवसर पैदा करने में नाकाम रही है। पंजाब जैसी बेचैनी दूसरे सूबों में भी दिखने लगी है और यही वक्त है कि केंद्र सरकार बेरोजगारी की समस्या से निपटने को लेकर एक ठोस रणनीति बनाए। लेकिन अफसोस, समस्या के हल की बात तो दूर, इसकी गंभीरता ही नहीं समझी जा रही है।
#current
#upscpre
Dances in indiA
1. Odisha
>Odissi
>Bhaka Wata
>Dandante
2. Kerala
>Chakiarkoothu
>Kathakali
>Mohiniattam
>Ottam Thullal
>Chavittu Natakam
>Kaikotti Kalai
>Koodiyattam
>Krishnavattam
>Mudiyettu
>Tappatri Kai
>Theyyam
3. Tamil nadu
>Bharatnatyam
>Kummi
>Kolattam
>Devarattam
>Poikkal Kuthirai Attam
>Therukkoothu
>Karakattam
>Mayilattam
>Kavadiattam
>Silambattam
>Thappattam
>Kaliattam
>Puliyattam
4. Andhera pradesh
>Kuchipudi
>Veethi-Bhagavatham
>Kottam
5. Karnataka
>Yakshagana
>Bayalata
>Simha Nutrya
>Dollu Kunitha
>Veeragase
6. Assam
>Bihu
>Ojapali
>Ankia Nat
7. Bihar
>Jat Jatin
>Faguna or Fag
>Purbi
>Bidesia
>Jhijhian
>Kajari
>Sohar-Khilouna
>Holi Dance
>Jhumeri
>Harvesting Dance
8. Gujrat
>Dandya Ras
>Garba Lasya Nritya
>Bhavai
>Garba
>Rasila
>Trippani
9. Haryana
>Swang
>Khoria
>Gugga dance
>Loor
>Sang
>Dhamal
10. Himachal pradesh
>Luddi Dance
>Munzra
>Kanayala
>Giddha Parhaun
11. J& k
>Hikat
>Rouf
>Chakri
12. Maharashtra
>Tamasha
>Dahi Kala
>Lavani
>Lezim
13. Mp
>Lota
>Pandvani
14. Meghalaya
>Wangala Laho
>Shad Nongkrem
>Shad Sukmysiem
15. Manipuri
>Manipuri
>Maha Rasa
>Lai Haroba
16. Mizoram
>Chiraw (Bamboo Dance)
17. Punjab
>Bhangra
>Gidda
18. Rajasthan
>Khayal
>Chamar Gindad
>Gangore
>Jhulan Leela
>Jhumar (Ghumar)
>Kayanga Bajayanga
19. Up
>Kathak
>Nautanki
>Chappeli
>Kajri
>Karan
>Kumaon
20. West bengal
>Jatra
>Chau
>Kathi
21. Goa
>Fugdi
>Dekhnni
>Tarangamel
>Dhalo.
22. Arunachal p
>Bardo Chham
>Aji Lamu
>Hiirii Khaniing
>Pasi Kongki
>Lion and Peacock dance
>Chalo
>Popir
>Ponung
>Rekham Pada
23. Chhattisgarh
>Karma
>Panthi
>Pandavani
>Rawat Nacha
>Soowa Nacha or Suwa Tribal dance
24. Jharkhand
>Paika
>Chhou
>Santhal
25. Nagaland
>Zeliang
>Nruirolians (Cock dance)
>Temangnetin (Fly dance)
26. Sikkim
>Singhi Chham
>Yak Chaam
>Maruni
>Rechungma
27. Telangana
>Perini Thandavam
>Dappu
>Lambadi
>Tappeta Gullu
28. Tripura
>Hojagiri
>Goria
>Lebang Boomani
29. Uttarakhand
>Chholiya
>Jagars
>Thali-Jadda
>Jhainta
>Barada Nati
#upscpre
Dances in indiA
1. Odisha
>Odissi
>Bhaka Wata
>Dandante
2. Kerala
>Chakiarkoothu
>Kathakali
>Mohiniattam
>Ottam Thullal
>Chavittu Natakam
>Kaikotti Kalai
>Koodiyattam
>Krishnavattam
>Mudiyettu
>Tappatri Kai
>Theyyam
3. Tamil nadu
>Bharatnatyam
>Kummi
>Kolattam
>Devarattam
>Poikkal Kuthirai Attam
>Therukkoothu
>Karakattam
>Mayilattam
>Kavadiattam
>Silambattam
>Thappattam
>Kaliattam
>Puliyattam
4. Andhera pradesh
>Kuchipudi
>Veethi-Bhagavatham
>Kottam
5. Karnataka
>Yakshagana
>Bayalata
>Simha Nutrya
>Dollu Kunitha
>Veeragase
6. Assam
>Bihu
>Ojapali
>Ankia Nat
7. Bihar
>Jat Jatin
>Faguna or Fag
>Purbi
>Bidesia
>Jhijhian
>Kajari
>Sohar-Khilouna
>Holi Dance
>Jhumeri
>Harvesting Dance
8. Gujrat
>Dandya Ras
>Garba Lasya Nritya
>Bhavai
>Garba
>Rasila
>Trippani
9. Haryana
>Swang
>Khoria
>Gugga dance
>Loor
>Sang
>Dhamal
10. Himachal pradesh
>Luddi Dance
>Munzra
>Kanayala
>Giddha Parhaun
11. J& k
>Hikat
>Rouf
>Chakri
12. Maharashtra
>Tamasha
>Dahi Kala
>Lavani
>Lezim
13. Mp
>Lota
>Pandvani
14. Meghalaya
>Wangala Laho
>Shad Nongkrem
>Shad Sukmysiem
15. Manipuri
>Manipuri
>Maha Rasa
>Lai Haroba
16. Mizoram
>Chiraw (Bamboo Dance)
17. Punjab
>Bhangra
>Gidda
18. Rajasthan
>Khayal
>Chamar Gindad
>Gangore
>Jhulan Leela
>Jhumar (Ghumar)
>Kayanga Bajayanga
19. Up
>Kathak
>Nautanki
>Chappeli
>Kajri
>Karan
>Kumaon
20. West bengal
>Jatra
>Chau
>Kathi
21. Goa
>Fugdi
>Dekhnni
>Tarangamel
>Dhalo.
22. Arunachal p
>Bardo Chham
>Aji Lamu
>Hiirii Khaniing
>Pasi Kongki
>Lion and Peacock dance
>Chalo
>Popir
>Ponung
>Rekham Pada
23. Chhattisgarh
>Karma
>Panthi
>Pandavani
>Rawat Nacha
>Soowa Nacha or Suwa Tribal dance
24. Jharkhand
>Paika
>Chhou
>Santhal
25. Nagaland
>Zeliang
>Nruirolians (Cock dance)
>Temangnetin (Fly dance)
26. Sikkim
>Singhi Chham
>Yak Chaam
>Maruni
>Rechungma
27. Telangana
>Perini Thandavam
>Dappu
>Lambadi
>Tappeta Gullu
28. Tripura
>Hojagiri
>Goria
>Lebang Boomani
29. Uttarakhand
>Chholiya
>Jagars
>Thali-Jadda
>Jhainta
>Barada Nati
#upscpre
#mpscpre
Gaofen-3: It is a new high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging satellite launched by China recently. It was launched off on the back of a Long March 4C rocket. It was the 233rd flight mission by a Long March carrier rocket. It is also China’s first low orbit remote sensing satellite that has a lifespan of eight years.
Amitabh Kant committee: It is a committee set up by the government to look at easing the policy regime for e-commerce players, including the rules for foreign direct investment. The terms of reference of the
Amitabh Kant
committee would be to examine various issues in e-commerce sector and making recommendations for further liberalisation of the policy.
Yaad Karo Kurbani : It is a 15-day programme aimed to commemorate 75th anniversary of the Quit India Movement (QIM) and 70 years of Independence. It was recently launched by PM Modi at birthplace of freedom fighter Chandra Shekhar Azad at Alirajpur, Madhya Pradesh. The campaign is aimed at developing a feeling in every person that nation is first and individual is secondary.
@mpsc_simplified
#mpscpre
Gaofen-3: It is a new high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging satellite launched by China recently. It was launched off on the back of a Long March 4C rocket. It was the 233rd flight mission by a Long March carrier rocket. It is also China’s first low orbit remote sensing satellite that has a lifespan of eight years.
Amitabh Kant committee: It is a committee set up by the government to look at easing the policy regime for e-commerce players, including the rules for foreign direct investment. The terms of reference of the
Amitabh Kant
committee would be to examine various issues in e-commerce sector and making recommendations for further liberalisation of the policy.
Yaad Karo Kurbani : It is a 15-day programme aimed to commemorate 75th anniversary of the Quit India Movement (QIM) and 70 years of Independence. It was recently launched by PM Modi at birthplace of freedom fighter Chandra Shekhar Azad at Alirajpur, Madhya Pradesh. The campaign is aimed at developing a feeling in every person that nation is first and individual is secondary.
@mpsc_simplified
#upscpre
#mpscpre
Classical languages:
In 2004, the Government of India declared that languages that met certain requirements could be accorded the status of a “Classical Language in India”. Languages so far declared to be Classical are
Tamil, Sanskrit, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, and Odia.
Criteria to determine the eligibility of languages to be considered for classification as a “Classical Language”:
1.High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500–2000 years.
2.A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers.
3.The literary tradition should be original and not borrowed from another speech community.
4.The classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots.
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Classical languages:
In 2004, the Government of India declared that languages that met certain requirements could be accorded the status of a “Classical Language in India”. Languages so far declared to be Classical are
Tamil, Sanskrit, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, and Odia.
Criteria to determine the eligibility of languages to be considered for classification as a “Classical Language”:
1.High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500–2000 years.
2.A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers.
3.The literary tradition should be original and not borrowed from another speech community.
4.The classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots.
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#current
Global Green Award: Dr. Dhrubajyoti Ghosh has received the Luc Hoffman award, one of the highest international awards in environmental leadership. Dr. Ghosh was involved in mapping East Kolkata
Dr. Dhrubajyoti Ghosh
Wetlands and calculating its economic value. He is the first Indian environmental activist to receive the Luc Hoffman award.
Mission Bhagiratha: PM Modi recently inaugurated a massive 40,000-crore Telangana state water grid ‘Mission Bhagiratha’. It aims to provide safe drinking water through a pipeline. The objective is to provide 100 liters of clean drinking water per person in rural households and 150 liters per person in urban households. This project aims to provide water to about 25,000 rural habitations and 67 urban habitations.
TWRIS: Telangana Irrigation Department has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Indian Space Research Organisation for setting up a Telangana Water Resources Information System (TWRIS) on the ‘Bhuvan’ web portal. The objective is to capture every field-level irrigation network including dams/barrages, anicuts, main and field channels, etc. and mark every irrigation structure on satellite visualisation tool Bhuvan (similar to Google Earth).
Telegram.me/mpsc_simplified
#mpscpre
#current
Global Green Award: Dr. Dhrubajyoti Ghosh has received the Luc Hoffman award, one of the highest international awards in environmental leadership. Dr. Ghosh was involved in mapping East Kolkata
Dr. Dhrubajyoti Ghosh
Wetlands and calculating its economic value. He is the first Indian environmental activist to receive the Luc Hoffman award.
Mission Bhagiratha: PM Modi recently inaugurated a massive 40,000-crore Telangana state water grid ‘Mission Bhagiratha’. It aims to provide safe drinking water through a pipeline. The objective is to provide 100 liters of clean drinking water per person in rural households and 150 liters per person in urban households. This project aims to provide water to about 25,000 rural habitations and 67 urban habitations.
TWRIS: Telangana Irrigation Department has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Indian Space Research Organisation for setting up a Telangana Water Resources Information System (TWRIS) on the ‘Bhuvan’ web portal. The objective is to capture every field-level irrigation network including dams/barrages, anicuts, main and field channels, etc. and mark every irrigation structure on satellite visualisation tool Bhuvan (similar to Google Earth).
Telegram.me/mpsc_simplified